12 April 1924
Guatemala City,Guatemala
Álida España (12 April 1924 –8 April 1993) was a Guatemalan activist and politician. She was the wife of President Carlos Manuel Arana Osorio,First Lady of Guatemala during his government. [1]
During her husband's government,she played a leading role in social work,favoring children and creating the Board of Social Works of the President's Wife,which helped the most vulnerable.
She died in 1993 at the age of 68. Different institutions are named after her. [2]
Juan Jacobo Árbenz Guzmán was a Guatemalan military officer and politician who served as the 25th president of Guatemala. He was Minister of National Defense from 1944 to 1950,before he became the second democratically elected President of Guatemala,from 1951 to 1954. He was a major figure in the ten-year Guatemalan Revolution,which represented some of the few years of representative democracy in Guatemalan history. The landmark program of agrarian reform Árbenz enacted as president was very influential across Latin America.
JoséEfraín Ríos Montt was a Guatemalan military officer,politician,and dictator who served as de facto President of Guatemala from 1982 to 1983. His brief tenure as chief executive was one of the bloodiest periods in the long-running Guatemalan Civil War. Ríos Montt's counter-insurgency strategies significantly weakened the Marxist guerrillas organized under the umbrella of the Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity (URNG) while also leading to accusations of war crimes and genocide perpetrated by the Guatemalan Army under his leadership.
Ramiro de León Carpio was a Guatemalan politician who served as the 43rd president of Guatemala from June 1993 until January 1996. He served as Guatemala's Attorney for Human Rights from August 1987 to June 1993.
Fernando Romeo Lucas García was a military officer and politician who served as the 37th president of Guatemala from July 1,1978,to March 23,1982. He was elected as the nominee for the Institutional Democratic Party. Elections for his presidency were fraud-ridden. During Lucas García's regime,tensions between the radical left and the government increased. The military started to murder political opponents while counterinsurgency measures further terrorized populations of poor civilians.
Kjell Eugenio Laugerud García was a Guatemalan military officer who served as the 36th president of Guatemala from 1974 until 1978. A member of the National Liberation Movement,he previously served as General Staff of the Army from 1970 to 1972 and Minister of national defence from 1972 to 1973 under President Carlos Arana Osorio.
Carlos Manuel Arana Osorio was a military officer and politician who served as the 35th president of Guatemala from 1970 to 1974. A member of the National Liberation Movement,his government enforced torture,disappearances,and killings against political and military adversaries,as well as common criminals.
Julio César Méndez Montenegro was a Guatemalan academic who served as the 34th president of Guatemala from July 1966 to July 1970. Mendez was elected on a platform promising democratic reforms and the curtailment of military power. The only civilian to occupy Guatemala's presidency during the long period of military rule between 1954 and 1986. Nevertheless,his election and swearing in was considered a major turning point for the long military-led Guatemala. He was the first cousin of César Montenegro Paniagua whose kidnapping,torture and murder during the Julio César Méndez presidency is rumored to have been undertaken with presidential sanction.
Chajul is a town and municipality in the Guatemalan department of El Quiché. Chajul is part of the Ixil Community,along with San Juan Cotzal and Santa María Nebaj. The Ixil region is isolated by beautiful mountains and has maintained its rich Ixil Maya traditions and language. Chajul,Nebaj,and Cotzal make up the Ixil Region in the Department of Quichéin the Western Highlands of Guatemala. Having been at the heart of the 36-year civil war,Chajul experiences post-war challenges such as emotional trauma,land displacement,and fragmented families. Additionally,unemployment is high,large families live in one-room adobe houses with open cooking fires,opportunities for women are scarce,and family- and gender-based violence are common. The community has a corn-based agricultural economy in which adults struggle daily to feed their families and the average income is $1–3 per day. A 2002 study revealed that less than 1% of children graduate from high school as they are forced to leave school at a young age to help support the family household,leaving 75% of the adult population illiterate. Chajul further suffers from common preventable health concerns,such as respiratory illness,intestinal disease,tuberculosis,malnutrition,and death during childbirth. Eighty percent of the Chajul population lives in poverty.
El Estor is a town and a municipality in the Izabal department of Guatemala. As of the 2018 census,the town's population was 20,489. The population of El Estor consists largely of Qʼeqchiʼspeaking indigenous people.
The Guatemalan Civil War was a civil war in Guatemala which was fought from 1960 to 1996 between the government of Guatemala and various leftist rebel groups. The Guatemalan government forces are said to have committed genocide against the Maya population of Guatemala during the civil war and there were widespread human rights violations against civilians. The context of the struggle was based on longstanding issues of unfair land distribution. Wealthy Guatemalans,mainly of European descent and foreign companies like the American United Fruit Company had control over much of the land. They paid almost zero taxes in return–leading to conflicts with the rural indigenous poor who worked the land under miserable terms.
The Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala is the largest and oldest university of Guatemala;it is also the fourth founded in the Americas. Established in the Kingdom of Guatemala during the Spanish colony,it was the only university in Guatemala until 1954,although it continues to hold distinction as the only public university in the entire country.
General elections were held in Guatemala on 3 March 1974. The ruling Institutional Democratic Party's presidential candidate was General Kjell Eugenio Laugerud García,an army officer whose running mate was Mario Sandoval Alarcón,the long-time leader of the far-right National Liberation Movement. The National Opposition Front's candidate was also an army officer,General Efraín Ríos Montt,whose running mate was economist Alberto Fuentes Mohr. The National Opposition Front was a coalition of the Guatemalan Christian Democracy,Fuentes's Social Democratic Party,and the Authentic Revolutionary Party.
The National Liberation Movement was a Guatemalan political party formed in 1954 by Carlos Castillo Armas. The party served as political platform for the military junta.
The Institutional Democratic Party was a Guatemalan pro-government political party active during the 1970s.
Eduardo Rafael Cáceres Lehnhoff was a Guatemalan politician who served as Vice President from 1 July 1970 to 1 July 1974 in the cabinet of Carlos Arana.
The period in the history of Guatemala between the coups against Jorge Ubico in 1944 and Jacobo Árbenz in 1954 is known locally as the Revolution. It has also been called the Ten Years of Spring,highlighting the peak years of representative democracy in Guatemala from 1944 until the end of the civil war in 1996. It saw the implementation of social,political,and especially agrarian reforms that were influential across Latin America.
Alejandro Baltazar Maldonado Aguirre is a Guatemalan statesman who served as the acting president of Guatemala following the Congress' acceptance of the resignation of President Otto Pérez Molina on September 3,2015.
The La Línea corruption case began in Guatemala on April 16,2015 when the International Commission against Impunity in Guatemala and State prosecutors accused a number of politicians in the administration of President Otto Pérez Molina of setting up a customs corruption ring with the help of high-ranking officials in the tax and customs administration. Several demonstrations ensued,calling for the resignation of Pérez Molina and his vice-president Roxana Baldetti. Among the accused were the retired captain Juan Carlos Monzón,and the directors of the Tax Administration Superintendency or Superintendencia de Administración Tributaria,(SAT),an entity analogous to the US Internal Revenue Service. Baldetti resigned in early May to the joy of thousands of demonstrators.
Hellen Lossi Zúñiga de Laugerud was the First Lady of Guatemala from 1974–78 as wife of former Guatemalan President Kjell Eugenio Laugerud García.
Manuel Ricardo Villacorta Orantes is a Guatemalan former politician,professor and writer who served as Guatemala's ambassador to Israel from 1999 to 2000. Villacorta participated in the 2019 and 2023 presidential election,where he placed in seventh place on both elections,receiving 5.2% of the vote in 2019 and 5.62% in 2023.