Đuro Šurmin | |
|---|---|
 Šurmin, c. 1907 | |
| Born | 4 September 1867 |
| Died | 22 March 1937 (aged 69) |
| Occupation(s) | writer, teacher, politician |
Đuro Šurmin (4 September, 1867 – 22 March, 1937) was a Croatian literary historian and politician. [1]
Đuro Šurmin | |
|---|---|
| Šurmin, c. 1907 | |
| Born | 4 September 1867 |
| Died | 22 March 1937 (aged 69) |
| Occupation(s) | writer, teacher, politician |
Đuro Šurmin (4 September, 1867 – 22 March, 1937) was a Croatian literary historian and politician. [1]
He was born in Sišćani. [2] He studied Slavic Studies, Classical Studies, and philosophy at the Faculty of Philosophy in Zagreb since 1890, receiving a Ph.D. in 1897 with a thesis titled Riječi muškoga roda â-osnova u hrvatskom jeziku (Â-stem Words of Masculine Gender in Croatian). There, he worked as a teaching apprentice in Croatian and Serbian literature beginning in 1899, becoming a regular professor in 1906, and then serving as the dean between 1907 and 1908. In 1908, he temporarily retired, in 1910 reemployed, and, in 1921, permanently retired. [1] He died in Zagreb in 1937.
Šurmin was actively involved in politics. Since 1906 he served as a parliamentarian for the Croatian People's Progressive Party, supporting the Croat-Serb Coalition until 1917. In 1914–1922 he was the city councilor of Zagreb. In the National Council of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes he belonged to the non-partisan group of politicians who rallied around the newspapers Male novine, serving as a commissioner for commerce, trade and industry. In the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes he was originally a member of the Advanced Democratic Party, then in the period 1919–1924 as member of the Croatian Community, and finally in 1925 founding the uninfluential Croatian People's Party. In 1920 he was elected to the Constituent Assembly and served as the Minister for Social Affairs, and also later as the Minister of Trade and Industry (1924–1925). His political activity in the 1930s was tied with the regime. He was particularly active in various economic bodies, such as being the President of the People's Bank for Savings and Loans in 1925–1935. [1]
His scientific work was in the fields of history of literature, history and philology:
As part of the Monumenta historico-juridica Slavorum meridionalium project he prepared a collection of medieval, predominantly Glagolitic monuments, which were published as Hrvatski spomenici (Croatian Monuments, 1898). His legacy is preserved in the Croatian State Archives in Zagreb. [1]
The Treaty of Rapallo was an agreement between the Kingdom of Italy and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes in the aftermath of the First World War. It was intended to settle the Adriatic question, which referred to Italian claims over territories promised to the country in return for its entry into the war against Austria-Hungary, claims that were made on the basis of the 1915 Treaty of London. The wartime pact promised Italy large areas of the eastern Adriatic. The treaty, signed on 12 November 1920 in Rapallo, Italy, generally redeemed the promises of territorial gains in the former Austrian Littoral by awarding Italy territories generally corresponding to the peninsula of Istria and the former Princely County of Gorizia and Gradisca, with the addition of the Snežnik Plateau, in addition to what was promised by the London treaty. The articles regarding Dalmatia were largely ignored. Instead, in Dalmatia, Italy received the city of Zadar and several islands. Other provisions of the treaty contained safeguards for the rights of Italian nationals remaining in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, and provisions for commissions to demarcate the new border, and facilitate economic and educational cooperation. The treaty also established the Free State of Fiume, the city-state consisting of the former Austro-Hungarian Corpus separatum that consisted of Rijeka and a strip of coast giving the new state a land border with Italy at Istria.
The State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs was a political entity that was constituted in October 1918, at the end of World War I, by Slovenes, Croats and Serbs (Prečani) residing in what were the southernmost parts of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Although internationally unrecognised, this was the first incarnation of a Yugoslav state founded on the Pan-Slavic ideology. Thirty-three days after it was proclaimed, the state joined the Kingdom of Serbia to form the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.
The State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs became merged with the Kingdom of Serbia and the Kingdom of Montenegro to form the nation of Yugoslavia in 1918. The formation of Yugoslavia began with the formation of the Yugoslav Committee, a collection of mostly Croats, then Serbs and later Slovenes, whose goal was to form a single south Slavic state. In October 1918 the Croatian Parliament declared the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia as an independent state, which, in December that same year, incorporated into the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs, merged with Kingdom of Serbia and Kingdom of Montenegro and created the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. The kingdom would be renamed to Yugoslavia in 1929, and ruled by Serbian Karađorđević dynasty till Second World War. After the formation of Yugoslavia, Serbia attempted to create a "Greater Serbia" by using police intimidation and vote rigging to establish a Serbian controlled Yugoslavia. From 1929-1941 Serbian controlled Yugoslavia established control over Croatia through Royal Yugoslav police force brutality and assassinations of important Croatians.
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Franko Potočnjak was a lawyer and Croatian and Yugoslavian politician. Potočnjak graduated in law from the University of Zagreb and worked as a court clerk until 1887 when he opened a law office in the town of Sveti Ivan Zelina. He joined the Party of Rights and he was editor of its journal Hrvatska domovina n 1896–1897. Potočnjak successfully advocated a coalition of the Independent People's Party and the faction of the Party of Rights led by Fran Folnegović. He was elected to the Croatian Sabor as the Party of Rights candidate in the 1897 Croatian parliamentary election in the district of Bakar. However, he was excluded from Sabor meetings due to his criticism of the Ban of Croatia Károly Khuen-Héderváry. He was elected to the Croatian Sabor again in the 1906 Croatian parliamentary election and delegated as a representative to the Diet of Hungary in 1906–1907.
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