.in

Last updated

.in
DotIn ccTLD logo.svg
Introduced8 May 1989;35 years ago (8 May 1989)
TLD type Country code top-level domain
StatusActive
Registry INRegistry
Sponsor National Internet Exchange of India
Intended useEntities connected with India
Actual useVery popular in India. Liberalisation of registration rules in 2005 led to a large increase in registrations including overseas registrations.
Registered domains3 million+ (May 2022) [1] [2]
Registration restrictionsNo restrictions on who can register second-level domains or most third-level domains; various specific restrictions under some of those specialised subdomains.
StructureMay register at the second level or at the third level beneath generic-category 2nd-level domains
Documents Policies
Dispute policies .IN Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (INDRP)
DNSSEC Yes
Registry website registry.in
.भारत
.bharat.svg
Logo for .भारत, (romanized as .bharat)
Introduced5 February 2011;13 years ago (5 February 2011) [3]
TLD type Internationalised (Devanagari) country code top-level domain
StatusActive
Registry INRegistry
Sponsor National Internet Exchange of India
Intended useEntities connected with
Flag of India.svg  India
Actual useGetting popular in India.
Registration restrictions Devanagari script .
Also comply with certain Devanagari Phonological rules; restrictions under some specialized subdomains like सरकार.भारत (≈ gov.in) and विद्या.भारत (≈ edu.in)
StructureMay register at the second level or at the third level beneath generic-category 2nd-level domains.
DNS namexn--h2brj9c
DNSSEC Yes
Registry website रजिस्ट्री.भारत (registry.bharat)

.in is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for India. It was made available in 1989, four years after original generic top-level domains such as .com, .net and the country code like .us. It is currently administered by the National Internet Exchange of India (NIXI).

Contents

Registry operator

The domain was originally managed by the National Centre for Software Technology (NCST) and its Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC). The Government of India issued an executive order in 2004 to transfer responsibility for managing .in domains to the newly created INRegistry under the authority of the National Internet Exchange of India (NIXI). The National Informatics Centre (NIC), ERNET, and the Ministry of Defence were appointed as registrars for the gov.in, res.in and ac.in, and the mil.in domains respectively. [4] [5]

In August 2018, NIXI appointed Neustar Data Infotech (India), a subsidiary of Neustar Inc, to be the country's new registry services provider. Neustar completed migration of existing .in domains to its registry infrastructure in March 2019. Neustar added the ability to register Indian-language domains in native script by enabling end-to-end web portal language support. [6]

Second-level domains

As of 2005, liberalised policies for the .in domain allow unlimited second-level registrations under .in. Unlimited registrations under the previously structured existing zones are also allowed: [7]

Zones reserved for use by qualified institutions in India: [7]

The domain .nic.in is reserved for India's National Informatics Centre, but in practice most Indian government agencies have domains ending in .nic.in.

The .in registry launched following sub-domains on Oct 29, 2021 to benefit the growing market: [10]

Before the introduction of liberalised registration policies for the .in domain, only 7000 names had been registered between 1992 and 2004. As of March 2010, the number had increased to over 610,000 domain names with 60% of registrations coming from India and the rest from overseas. [11] By October 2011, the number had surpassed 1 million domain names. [12] As of March 2016, the number has more than doubled to over 2 million domain names. [13]

Restrictions on use of .in domains

As per the terms and conditions of the .in registry, domain privacy is not allowed. [14]

Recently updated EKYC guidelines were issued to all registrars to authenticate new registrants. Hence, the previous rule relating to bulk booking of .in domain names has been withdrawn. Now customers can book unlimited .in domain names as previously in line with promoting .in TLD on par with other popular TLDs like .com and others which also has no restrictions relating to bulk booking. [15]

Internationalised domain names and country codes

India plans to introduce internationalised domain names in the 22 local languages used in the country. As of October 2016, fifteen of these internationalised domain names were accepted by ICANN:

Devanagari stringTransliterated string
भारत.bharat
कंपनी.भारतcompany.bharat
विद्या.भारतvidya.bharat
सरकार.भारतsarkar.bharat

In 2016, an application for eight further domains was accepted. While the Indian government also applied for .বাংলা (Bengali), it was given to a competing applicant, the Bangladesh Telecommunication Company Limited (BTCL).These domains were not available (as of October 2016): [17] But, they were later on made available and now are open for domain registration in India.

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">ICANN</span> American nonprofit organization that coordinates several Internet address databases

The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers is a global multistakeholder group and nonprofit organization headquartered in the United States responsible for coordinating the maintenance and procedures of several databases related to the namespaces and numerical spaces of the Internet, ensuring the Internet's stable and secure operation. ICANN performs the actual technical maintenance work of the Central Internet Address pools and DNS root zone registries pursuant to the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) function contract. The contract regarding the IANA stewardship functions between ICANN and the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) of the United States Department of Commerce ended on October 1, 2016, formally transitioning the functions to the global multistakeholder community.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Domain name</span> Identification string in the Internet

In the Internet, a domain name is a string that identifies a realm of administrative autonomy, authority or control. Domain names are often used to identify services provided through the Internet, such as websites, email services and more. Domain names are used in various networking contexts and for application-specific naming and addressing purposes. In general, a domain name identifies a network domain or an Internet Protocol (IP) resource, such as a personal computer used to access the Internet, or a server computer.

A domain name registry is a database of all domain names and the associated registrant information in the top level domains of the Domain Name System (DNS) of the Internet that enables third party entities to request administrative control of a domain name. Most registries operate on the top-level and second-level of the DNS.

The domain com is a top-level domain (TLD) in the Domain Name System (DNS) of the Internet. Created in the first group of Internet domains at the beginning of 1985, its name is derived from the word commercial, indicating its original intended purpose for subdomains registered by commercial organizations. Later, the domain opened for general purposes.

A domain name registrar is a company that manages the reservation of Internet domain names. A domain name registrar must be accredited by a generic top-level domain (gTLD) registry or a country code top-level domain (ccTLD) registry. A registrar operates in accordance with the guidelines of the designated domain name registries.

The domain name is a generic top-level domain (gTLD) in the Domain Name System of the Internet. It is intended for use by individuals for representation of their personal name, nicknames, screen names, pseudonyms, or other types of identification labels.

.ca is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Canada. The domain name registry that operates it is the Canadian Internet Registration Authority (CIRA).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">.co</span> Internet country-code top level domain for Colombia

.co is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) assigned to Colombia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">.tw</span> Internet country-code top-level domain for Taiwan

.tw is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Taiwan. The domain name is based on the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code TW. The registry is maintained by the Taiwan Network Information Center (TWNIC), a Taiwanese non-profit organization appointed by the National Communications Commission (NCC) and the Ministry of Transportation and Communication. Since 1 March 2001, TWNIC has stopped allowing itself to sign up new domain names directly, instead allowing new registration through its contracted reseller registrars. As of May 2023, there are 17 registrars.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">.vi</span> Internet country code top-level domain for the U.S. Virgin Islands

.vi is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for the U.S. Virgin Islands.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">.so</span> Internet country code top-level domain for Somalia

.so is the internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Somalia. After a long absence, the .so domain was officially relaunched on November 1, 2010, by .SO Registry, which is regulated by the nation's Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications. It was launched through various accredited registrars around the world.

.mr is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Mauritania.

Domain privacy is a service offered by a number of domain name registrars. A user buys privacy from the company, who in turn replaces the user's information in the WHOIS with the information of a forwarding service.

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WHOIS is a query and response protocol that is used for querying databases that store an Internet resource's registered users or assignees. These resources include domain names, IP address blocks and autonomous systems, but it is also used for a wider range of other information. The protocol stores and delivers database content in a human-readable format. The current iteration of the WHOIS protocol was drafted by the Internet Society, and is documented in RFC 3912.

INRegistry is the organisation responsible for the .in TLD and the native language internationalised domain name TLDs for the country. It was appointed by the government of India, and operates under the authority National Internet Exchange of India (NIXI).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">.biz</span>

.biz is a generic top-level domain (gTLD) in the Domain Name System of the Internet. It is intended for registration of domains to be used by businesses. The name is a phonetic spelling of the first syllable of business.

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References

  1. ↑ "Registry.In | .IN is India's Country Code Top Level domain (ccTLD)". IN Registry. National Internet Exchange of India. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
  2. ↑ Agarwal, Surabhi; Alawadhi, Neha (27 July 2016). "IT Ministry plans ad campaign to promote .in domain name". The Economic Times. Retrieved 23 July 2017.
  3. ↑ ".भारत - TLDpedia".
  4. ↑ "About the .IN Registry". Registry.In. Retrieved 23 March 2019.
  5. ↑ ".in Registry | Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, Government of India". meity.gov.in.
  6. ↑ "Neustar logs in for .IN Domain". The Economic Times. 2 March 2019. Retrieved 23 March 2019.
  7. 1 2 "IN Registry Policies". Registry.In. 1 January 2005. Archived from the original on 19 January 2008. Retrieved 23 July 2017.
  8. ↑ "ERNET Domain Registration". ERNET. Archived from the original on 6 July 2017. Retrieved 23 July 2017.
  9. ↑ "ERNET's registry". ERNET. Archived from the original on 21 February 2005. Retrieved 23 July 2017.
  10. ↑ our.in (29 October 2021). "IN Registry Launching New .IN Domain Extensions".
  11. ↑ Chatterjee, Moumita Bakshi (13 March 2010). "'.in' domain registration crosses six-lakh mark". The Hindu Business Line . Retrieved 1 May 2012.
  12. ↑ ".IN Passes One Million Registrations And Looks To Future For Growth". Archived from the original on 7 July 2014. Retrieved 4 December 2012.
  13. ↑ "There are Over 2 Million .in (India) Registered Domains".
  14. ↑ Registry.in. "Terms and Conditions for registrants" (PDF).
  15. ↑ Registry.in. "EKYC" (PDF).
  16. ↑ "Internationalized Domain Names (IDNs)". www.registry.in.
  17. ↑ Pai, Vivek (18 April 2016). "ICANN approves Kannada, Malayalam, Assamese & Oriya domain names".
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