The Rajya Sabha, constitutionally the Council of States, is the upper house of the bicameral Parliament of India. As of 2023, it has a maximum membership of 250, of which 238 are elected by the legislatures of the states and union territories using single transferable votes through open ballots, while the president can appoint 12 members for their contributions to art, literature, science, and social services. The potential seating capacity of the Rajya Sabha is 250, according to article 80 of the Indian Constitution. Members sit for staggered terms lasting six years, with about a third of the 238 designates up for election every two years, in even-numbered years. Unlike the Lok Sabha, the Rajya Sabha is a continuing chamber and hence not subject to dissolution. However, the Rajya Sabha, like the Lok Sabha, can be prorogued by the president.
The Lok Sabha, constitutionally the House of the People, is the lower house of India's bicameral Parliament, with the upper house being the Rajya Sabha. Members of the Lok Sabha are elected by an adult universal suffrage and a first-past-the-post system to represent their respective constituencies, and they hold their seats for five years or until the body is dissolved by the President on the advice of the council of ministers. The house meets in the Lok Sabha Chambers of the Sansad Bhavan, New Delhi.
The Parliament of India is the supreme legislative body of the Republic of India. It is a bicameral legislature composed of the president of India and two houses: the Rajya Sabha and the Lok Sabha. The president in their role as head of the legislature has full powers to summon and prorogue either house of Parliament or to dissolve the Lok Sabha. The president can exercise these powers only upon the advice of the prime minister and their Union Council of Ministers.
Neelam Sanjiva Reddy was an Indian politician who served as the sixth president of India, serving from 1977 to 1982. Beginning a long political career with the Indian National Congress Party in the independence movement, he went on to hold several key offices in independent India — as Deputy Chief minister of Andhra state and the first Chief Minister of United Andhra Pradesh, a two-time Speaker of the Lok Sabha and a Union Minister— before becoming the Indian president.
The 14th Lok Sabha was convened after the 2004 Indian general election held in four phases during 20 April – 10 May 2004, which led to the formation of first Manmohan Singh ministry (2004–2009). Indian National Congress-led United Progressive Alliance won 62 more seats than previous 13th Lok Sabha. The Lok Sabha is the lower house in the Parliament of India. 8 sitting members from Rajya Sabha, the Upper House of Indian Parliament, were elected to 14th Lok Sabha after the 2004 Indian general election.
The Second Lok Sabha was elected after the 1957 Indian general election. The 2nd Lok Sabha lasted its full tenure of five years till 1962.
Padanatha Mohammed Sayeed was a leader of the Indian National Congress party. He was a member of Lok Sabha for ten consecutive terms from 1967–2004 representing Lakshadweep.
Sushma Swaraj was an Indian lawyer, politician, and diplomat who served as the Minister of External Affairs of India in the first Narendra Modi government from 2014 to 2019. She is only the second person to complete the 5-year term as Minister of External Affairs after Jawaharlal Nehru. Being a senior leader of Bharatiya Janata Party, she was the second woman to hold the office, after Indira Gandhi. She was elected seven times as a Member of Parliament and three times as a Member of the Legislative Assembly. At the age of 25 in 1977, she became the youngest cabinet minister of the Indian state of Haryana. She also served as 5th Chief Minister of Delhi for a short duration in 1998 and became the first female Chief Minister of Delhi.
The 13th Lok Sabha is the thirteenth session of the Lok Sabha. It was convened after 1999 Indian general election held during September–October 1999.
This is the list of members of the 12th Lok Sabha, after the 1998 Indian general election held during February–March 1998. This was the second consecutive Lok Sabha, like the 11th Lok Sabha elections that did not provide the country with a stable government. Atal Bihari Vajpayee became the 16th Prime Minister of India but the government lasted for only about thirteen months due to no clear mandate. Also, the party was not able to get support from other parties, after the withdrawal of support by AIADMK. After his resignation, then President K. R. Narayanan asked Sonia Gandhi, the leader of the opposition in the Lok Sabha to form the government; however, Gandhi responded that the UPA would not be able to form a government at the center, following which President Narayanan dissolved the House. The next General elections of 1999 for 13th Lok Sabha provided India a stable government that lasted for full five years. Nine sitting members from Rajya Sabha, the Upper House of Indian Parliament, were elected to 12th Lok Sabha after the 1998 Indian general election.
General elections were held in India in April–May 1996 to elect the members of the 11th Lok Sabha. The result of the election was a hung parliament, which would see three Prime Ministers in two years and force the country back to the polls in 1998. Atal Bihari Vajpayee of Bharatiya Janata Party, the single largest party to win this election, winning 67 more seats than previous 10th Lok Sabha, formed the government which lasted for only 13 days.
List of Members of the 9th Lok Sabha elections in 22–26 November 1989. The Lok Sabha is the lower house in the Parliament of India. Twelve sitting members from Rajya Sabha were elected to 9th Lok Sabha after the 1989 Indian general election.
The 8th Lok Sabha ran from 31 December 1984 to 27 November 1989. Politicians were elected in December 1984, taking office by the end of the month. The Lok Sabha is the lower house in the bicameral Parliament of India. 9 sitting members from Rajya Sabha were elected to 8th Lok Sabha after the Indian general election, in 1984.
List of Members of the 7th Lok Sabha, elected December 1979 – January 1980. The Lok Sabha is the lower house in the Parliament of India nine sitting members from Rajya Sabha were elected to 7th Lok Sabha after the 1980 Indian general election. Indira Gandhi became the Prime minister on 14 January 1980, after INC and alliances won 373 seats, 286 seats more than previous 6th Lok Sabha. Rajiv Gandhi became Prime minister on 31 October 1984 after the assassination of Indira Gandhi. The next 8th Lok Sabha was formed on 31 December 1984 after the 1984 Indian general election. With roughly 9.3% of total MPs being Muslims, the 7th Lok Sabha had more Muslim MPs than any other in Indian history.
The Lok Sabha is the lower house in the Parliament of India. The 6th Lok Sabha, which ran from 23 March 1977 to 22 August 1979 was elected in February and March 1977. 11 sitting members from Rajya Sabha were elected to 6th Lok Sabha after the 1971 Indian general election.
List of Members of the 5th Lok Sabha, elected February–March 1971.The term of the House was extended two times by one year at a time. However, the House was dissolved after having been in existence for a period of five years, 10 months, and six days. The Lok Sabha is the lower house in the Parliament of India. 4 sitting members from Rajya Sabha were elected to 5th Lok Sabha after the 1971 Indian general election.
List of Members of the 3rd Lok Sabha, elected February–March 1962. The Lok Sabha is the lower house in the Parliament of India. The election was held for 494 seats out of which Indian national congress won 361 seats. 14 sitting members from Rajya Sabha were elected to 3rd Lok Sabha after the 1962 Indian general election.
Members of the 15th Lok Sabha were elected during the 2009 general election in India. It was dissolved on 18 May 2014 by President Pranab Mukherjee.
Daradahalli Byregowda Chandregowda, is a former Speaker of Karnataka Legislative Assembly, three-term MLA, one-term MLC, and Member of Parliament—three-term from Lok Sabha and one-term from Rajya sabha.
M. S. Gurupadaswamy was an Indian politician. He was the Leader of House of Rajya Sabha from December 1989 to November 1990 and served twice as the Leader of the Opposition in Rajya Sabha during March 1971 to April 1972 and 28 June 1991 to 21 July 1991.
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