Code of Civil Procedure (India)

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Civil Procedure Code, 1908
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Imperial Legislative Council (India)
Citation Act No. 05 of 1908
Enacted by Imperial Legislative Council (India)
Enacted21 March 1908
Commenced1 January 1909
Repeals
Civil Procedure Code, 1882

The Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 is a procedural law related to the administration of civil proceedings in India.

The Code is divided into two parts: the first part contains 158 sections and the second part contains the First Schedule, which has 51 Orders and Rules. The sections provide provisions related to general principles of jurisdiction whereas the Orders and Rules prescribe procedures and method that govern civil proceedings in India.

History

To give uniformity to Civil Procedure, Legislative Council of India, enacted Code of Civil Procedure, 1858, which received the assent of Governor-General on 23 March 1859. The Code however, was not applicable to the Supreme Court in the Presidency Towns and to the Presidency Small Cause Courts. It did not meet the challenges and was replaced by Code of Civil Procedure Code, 1877. But still it did not fulfill the requirements of time and large amendments were introduced. In 1882, the Code of Civil Procedure, 1882 was introduced. With passing of time it was felt that it needed flexibility for timeliness and effectiveness. To meet these problems Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 was enacted. Though it has been amended number of times it has withstood the test of time. [1]

Amendments

The Code of Civil Procedure was substantially amended in the year 2002. The main purpose of the Amendment to the code was ensure speedy disposal of civil cases governed under the Act. [2]

Civil Procedure Code (Amendment) Act 2015

Keeping in view the establishment of Commercial Court and the provisions thereof, Civil Procedure Code (Amendment) Act, 2016 was enacted. These provisions are applicable to commercial disputes of specified value. The act clarified that the provisions of the Civil Procedure Code as amended by the Act would have an overriding effect over any rules of the High Court or of the amendments made by the state government concerned. [3]

The Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 was further amended in the year 2018.

Arrangement of Sections

Preliminary (Section 1 to 8)

SectionDescription
1Short Title, Commencement and extent
2Definition
3Subordination of Courts
4Saving Clause
5Application of the Code to Revenue Courts
6Pecuniary Jurisdiction
7Provincial Small Cause Courts
8Presidency Small Cause Courts

Part 1- Suits in General

Jurisdiction of the Courts and Res-Judicata (Section 9 to 14)

SectionDescription
9Courts to try all civil suits unless barred
10Stay of Suit
11Res-Judicata
12Bar to further suit
13When foreign suit not conclusive
14Presumption as to foreign judgements

Place of Suing (Section 15 to 25)

SectionDescription
15Court in which suits to be instituted.
16Suits to be instituted where subject-matter situate.
17Suits for immovable property situate within jurisdiction of different Courts.
18Place of Institution of suit where local limits of jurisdiction of Courts are uncertain.
19Suits for compensation for wrongs to person or movables.
20Other suits to be instituted where defendants reside or cause of action arises.
21Objections to jurisdiction.
21ABar on suit to set aside decree on objection as to place of suing.
22Power to transfer suits which may be instituted in more than one Court.
23To what Court application lies.
24General power of transfer and withdrawal.
25Power of Supreme Court to transfer suits, etc.

Institution of Suit (Section 26 to 33)

SectionDescription
26Insititution of Suit
27Summons to defendants.
28Service of summons where defendant resides in another State.
29Service of foreign summonses.
30Power to order discovery and the like.
31Summons to witness.
32Penalty for default.

Judgement and Decree

Section 33 - Judgement and Decree

Interest

Section 34 - Interest

Costs (Section 35, 35A and 35B)

SectionDescription
35Costs
35ACompensatory costs in respect of false or vexatious claims or defenses.
35BCosts for causing delay.

Part 2- Execution

General (Section 36 and 37)

SectionDescription
36Application to orders.
37Definition of Court which passed a decree.

Courts by which decrees may be executed (Section 38 to 46)

SectionDescription
38Court by which decree may be executed.
39Transfer of decree.
40Transfer of decree to Court in another State.
41Result of execution proceedings to be certified.
42Powers of Court in executing transferred decree.
43Execution of decrees passed by Civil Courts in places to which this Code does not extend.
44Execution of decrees passed by Revenue Courts in places to which this Code does not extend.
44AExecution of decrees passed by Courts in reciprocating territory
45Execution of decrees outside India.
46Precepts.

Questions to be determined by the Court executing decree.

Section 47 - Questions to be determined by the Court executing decree.

Limit of time for execution

Section 48 -[Repealed]

SectionDescription
49Transferees.
50Legal representative.

Procedure in Execution (Section 51 to 54)

SectionDescription
51Powers of Court to enforce execution.
52Enforcement of decree against legal representative.
53Liability of ancestral property.
54Partition of estate or separation of share.

Arrest and Detention (Section 55 to 59)

SectionDescription
55Arrest and detention.
56Prohibition of arrest or detention of women in execution of decree for money.
57Subsistence-allowance.
58Detention and release.
59Release on ground of illness.

Attachment (Section 60 to 64)

SectionDescription
60Property liable to attachment and sale in execution of decree.
61Partial exemption of agricultural produce.
62Seizure of property in dwelling house.
63Property attached in execution of decrees of several Courts.
64Private alienation of property after attachment to be void.

Sale (Section 65, 66 and 67)

SectionDescription
65Purchaser's Title
66Repealed
67Power for State Government to make rules as to sales of land in execution of decrees for payment of money.

Delegation to Collector of Power to execute decrees against immovable property.

Section 68 to 72 - Repealed.

Distribution of Assets

Section 73 - Proceeds of execution-sale to be rateably distributed among decree-holders.

Resistance to Execution

Section 74 - Resistance to execution.

Part 3- Incidental Proceedings

Commissions (Section 75 to 78)

SectionDescription
75Power of Court to issue commissions.
76Commission to another Court.
77Letter of request.
78Commissions issued by foreign Courts.

Part 4- Suits in Particular Cases

Suits by or Against the Government or Public Officers in their Official Capacity

SectionDescription
79Suits by or against Government.
80Notice.
81Exemption from arrest and personal appearance.
82Execution of decree.

Suits by Aliens and by or against Foreign Rulers, Ambassadors and Envoys

SectionDescription
83When aliens may sue.
84When foreign States may sue.
85Persons specially appointed by Government to prosecute or defend on behalf of foreign Rulers.
86Suits against foreign Rulers, Ambassadors and Envoys.
87Style of foreign Rulers as parties to suits.
87ADefinitions of “foreign State” and “Ruler”.

Suits against Rulers of Former Indian States

Section 87B- Application of sections 85 and 86 to Rulers of former Indian States.

Interpleader

Section 88- Where interpleader-suit may be instituted.

Part 5- Special Proceedings

Arbitration

Section 89- Settlement of disputes outside the Court.

Special Case

Section 90- Power to state case for opinion of Court.

Public Nuisances and other Wrongful Acts affecting the public

SectionDescription
91Public nuisances and other wrongful acts affecting the public.
92Public charities.
93Exercise of powers of Advocate-General outside presidency-towns.

Part 6- Supplemental Proceedings

SectionDescription
94Supplemental proceedings.
95Compensation for obtaining arrest, attachment or injunction on insufficient ground.

Part 7- Appeals

Appeals from Original Decrees

SectionDescription
96Appeal from original decree.
97Appeal from final decree where no appeal from preliminary decree.
98Decision where appeal heard by two or more Judges.
99No decree to be reversed or modified for error or irregularity not affecting merits or jurisdiction.
99ANo order under section 47 to be reversed or modified unless decision of the case is prejudicially affected.

Appeals from Appellate Decrees

SectionDescription
100Second Appeal.
100ANo further appeal in certain cases.
101Second appeal on no other grounds.
102No second appeal in certain cases.
103Power of High Court to determine issues of fact.

Appeals from Orders

SectionDescription
104Orders from which appeal lies.
105Other Orders.
106What Courts to hear appeals.

General Provisions relating to Appeals

SectionDescription
107Powers of Appellate Court.
108Procedure in appeals from appellate decrees and orders.

Appeals to the Supreme Court

SectionDescription
109When appeals lie to the Supreme Court
110Omitted
111Omitted
111AOmitted
112Savings.

Part 8- Reference, review and revision

SectionDescription
113Reference to High Court
114Review
115Revision

Part 9- Special Provisions relating to the High Courts not being the Court of Judicial Commissioner

SectionDescription
116Part to apply only to certain High Courts.
117Application of Code to High Courts.
118Execution of decree before ascertainment of costs.
119Unauthorised persons not to address Court.
120Provisions not applicable to High Court in original civil jurisdiction.

Part 10- Rules

SectionDescription
121Effect of rules in First Schedule.
122Power of certain High Courts to make rules.
123Constitution of Rules Committees in certain States.
124Committee to report to High Court.
125Power of other High Courts to make rules.
126Rules to be subject to approval.
127Publication of rules.
128Matters for which rules may provide
129Power of High Courts to make rules as to their original civil procedure.
130Power of other High Courts to make rules as to matters other than procedure
131Publication of rules.

Part 11- Miscellaneous

SectionDescription
132Exemption of certain women from personal appearance.
133Exemption of other persons.
134Arrest other than in execution of decree.
135Exemption from arrest under civil process.
135AExemption of members of legislative bodies from arrest and detention under civil process.
136Procedure where person to be arrested or property to be attached is outside district.
137Language of subordinate Courts.
138Power of High Court to require evidence to be recorded in English.
139Oath on affidavit by whom to be administered.
140Assessors in causes of salvage, etc.
141Miscellaneous proceedings.
142Orders and notices to be in writing.
143Postage.
144Application for restitution.
145Enforcement of liability of surety.
146Proceedings by or against representatives.
147Consent or agreement by persons under disability.
148Enlargement of Time.
148ARight to lodge a caveat.
149Power to make up deficiency of court-fees.
150Transfer of business.
151Saving of inherent powers of Court.
152Amendment of judgments, decrees or orders.
153General power to amend.
153APower to amend decree or order where appeal is summarily dismissed.
153BPlace of trial to be deemed to be open Court.
154Repealed.
155Repealed.
156Repealed.
157Continuance of orders under repealed enactments.
158Reference to Code of Civil Procedure and other repealed enactments.

Arrangement of Schedules

Order 1- Parties to Suits [4]

RuleDescription
1Who may be joined as plaintiffs.
2Power of Court to order separate trial.
3Who may be joined as defendants.
3APower to order separate trials where joinder of defendants may embarrass or delay trial.
4Court may give judgment for or against one or more of joint parties.
5Defendant need not be interested in all the relief claimed.
6Joinder of parties liable on same contract.
7When plaintiff in doubt from whom redress is to be sought.
8One person may sue or defend on behalf of all in same interest.
8APower of Court to permit a person or body of persons to present opinion or to take part in the proceedings.
9Misjoinder and non-joinder.
10Suit in name of wrong plaintiff.

Court may strike out or add parties. Where defendant added, plaint to be amended.

10APower of Court to request any pleader to address it.
11Conduct of suit.
12Appearance of one of several plaintiffs or defendants for others.
13Objections as to non-joinder or misjoinder.

Order 2- Frame of Suit [4]

RuleDescription
1Frame of suit.
2Suit to include the whole claim.

Relinquishment of part of claim. Omission to sue for one of several reliefs.

3Joinder of causes of action.
4Only certain claims to be joined for recovery of immovable property.
5Claims by or against executor, administrator or heir.
6Power of Court to order separate trials.
7Objections as to misjoinder.

Order 3- Recognized Agents and Pleaders [4]

RuleDescription
1Appearances, etc., may be in person, by recognised agent or by pleader.
2Recognised agents.
3Service of process on recognised agent.
4Appointment of pleader.
5Service of process on pleader.
6Agent to accept service.

Appointment to be in writing and to be filed in Court.

Order 4- Institution of suits [5]

RuleDescription
1Suit to be commenced by plaint.
2Register of suits.

Order 5- Issue and Service of Summons [5]

Issue of summons

RuleDescription
1Summons.
2Copy of plaint annexed to summons.
3Court may order defendant or plaintiff to appear in person.
4No party to be ordered to appear in person unless resident within certain limits.
5Summons to be either to settle issues or for final disposal.
6Fixing day for appearance of defendant.
7Summons to order defendant to produce documents relied on by him.
8On issue of summons for final disposal, defendant to be directed to produce his witnesses.

Service of Summons

RuleDescription
9Delivery of summons by Court.
9ASummons given to the plaintiff for service.
10Mode of service.
11Service on several defendants.
12Service to be on defendant in person when practicable, or on his agent.
13Service on agent by whom defendant carries on business.
14Service on agent in charge in suits for immovable property.
15Where service may be on an adult member of defendant’s family.
16Person served to sign acknowledgement.
17Procedure when defendant refuses to accept service, or cannot be found.
18Endorsement of time and manner of service.
19Examination of serving officer.
19A[Omitted.].
20Substituted service.

Effect of substituted service. Where service substituted, time for appearance to be fixed.

20A[Repealed.].
21Service of summons where defendant resides within jurisdiction of another Court.
22Service within presidency-towns of summons issued by Courts outside.
23Duty of Court to which summons is sent.
24Service on defendant in prison.
25Service where defendant resides out of India and has no agent.
26Service in foreign territory through Political Agent or Court.
26ASummonses to be sent to officers to foreign countries.
27Service on civil public officer or on servant of railway company or local authority.
28Service on soldiers, sailors or airmen.
29Duty of person to whom summons is delivered or sent for service.
30Substitution of letter for summons.

Order 6- Pleadings Generally

RuleDescription
1Pleading.
2Pleading to state material facts and not evidence.
3Forms of pleading.
4Particulars to be given where necessary.
5[Omitted.].
6Condition precedent.
7Departure.
8Denial of Contract.
9Effect of document to be stated.
10Malice, knowledge, etc.
11Notice.
12Implied Contract or relation.
13Presumptions of law.
14Pleading to be signed
14AAddress for service of notice.
15Verification of pleadings.
16Striking out pleadings.
17Amendment of pleadings.
18Failure to amend after order.

Order 7- Plaint and Documents replied on in Plaint.

RuleDescription
1Particulars to be contained in plaint.
2In money suits.
3Where the subject-matter of the suit is immovable property.
4When plaintiff sues as representative.
5Defendant’s interest and liability to be shown.
6Grounds of exemption from limitation law.
7Relief to be specifically stated.
8Relief founded on separate grounds.
9Procedure on admitting plaint.
10Return of plaint.

Procedure on returning plaint.

10APower of Court to fix a date of appearance in the Court where plaint is to be filed after its return.
10BPower of appellate Court to transfer suit to the proper Court.
11Rejection of plaint.
12Procedure on rejecting plaint.
13Where rejection of plaint does not preclude presentation of fresh plaint.
14Production of document on which plaintiff sues or relies.
15[Omitted.].
16Suits on lost negotiable instruments.
17Production of shop-book.

Original entry to be marked and returned.

18[Omitted.].

Order 8- Written statement, set-off and counter-claim

RuleDescription
1Written statement.
1ADuty of defendant to produce documents upon which relief is claimed or relied upon by him.
2New facts must be specially pleaded.
3Denial to be specific.
4Evasive denial.
5Specific denial.
6Particulars of set-off to be given in written statement.

Effect of set-off.

6ACounter-claim by defendant.
6BCounter-claim to be stated.
6CExclusion of counter-claim.
6DEffect of discontinuance of suit.
6EDefault of plaintiff to reply to counter-claim.
6FRelief to defendant where counter-claim succeeds.
6GRules relating to written statement to apply.
7Defence or set-off founded upon separate grounds.
8Relief founded on separate grounds.
8A[Omitted.].
9Subsequent pleadings.
10Procedure when party fails to present written statement called for by Court.

Order 9- Appearance of Parties and Consequence of non-Appearance | Setting aside Decree ex-parte.

RuleDescription
1Parties to appear on day fixed in summons for defendant to appear and answer.
2Dismissal of suit where summons not served in consequence of plaintiff’s failure to pay costs.
3Where neither party appears suit to be dismissed.
4Plaintiff may bring fresh suit or Court may restore suit to file.
5Dismissal of suit where plaintiff after summons returned unserved, fails for seven days to apply for fresh summons.
6Procedure when only plaintiff appears.

When summons duly served. When summons not duly served. When summons served but not in due time.

7Procedure where defendant appears on day of adjourned hearing and assigns good cause for previous non-appearance.
8Procedure where defendant only appears.
9Decree against plaintiff by default bars fresh suit.
10Procedure in case of non-attendance of one or more of several plaintiffs.
11Procedure in case of non-attendance of one or more of several defendants.
12Consequence of non-attendance, without sufficient cause shown, of party ordered to appear in person.
13Setting aside decree ex parte against defendant.
14No decree to be set aside without notice to opposite party.

Order 10- Examination of Parties by the Court [6]

RuleDescription
1Ascertainment whether allegations in pleadings are admitted or denied.
1ADirection of the court to opt for any one mode of alternative dispute resolution.
1BAppearance before the conciliatory forum or authority.
1CAppearance before the court consequent to the failure of efforts of conciliation.
2Oral examination of party, or companion of party.
3Substance of examination to be written.
4Consequence of refusal or inability of pleader to answer.

Order 11- Discovery and Inspection [6]

RuleDescription
1Discovery by interrogatories.
2Particular interrogatories to be submitted.
3Costs of interrogatories.
4Form of interrogatories.
5Corporations.
6Objections to interrogatories by answer.
7Setting aside and striking out interrogatories.
8Affidavit in answer, filing.
9Form of affidavit in answer.
10No exception to be taken.
11Order to answer or answer further.  
12Application for discovery of documents.
13Affidavit of documents.
14Production of documents.
15Inspection of documents referred to in pleading or affidavits.
16Notice to produce.
17Time for inspection when notice given.
18Order for inspection.
19Verified copies.
20Premature discovery.
21Non-compliance with order for discovery.
22Using answers to interrogatories at trial.
23Order to apply to minors.

Order 12- Admissions [7]

RuleDescription
1Notice of admission of case.
2Notice to admit documents.
2ADocument to be deemed to be admitted if not denied after service of notice to admit documents.
3Form of notice.
3APower of Court to record admission.
4Notice to admit acts.
5Form of admissions.
6Judgment on admissions.
7Affidavit of signature.
8Notice to produce documents.
9Costs.

Order 13- Production, Impounding and Return of Documents [7]

RuleDescription
1Original documents to be produced at or before the settlement of issues.
2[Omitted.].
3Rejection of irrelevant or inadmissible documents.
4Endorsements on documents admitted in evidence.
5Endorsements on copies of admitted entries in books, accounts and records.
6Endorsements on documents rejected an inadmissible in evidence.
7Recording of admitted and return of rejected documents.
8Court may order any document to be impounded.
9Return of admitted documents.
10Court may sent for papers from its own records or from other Courts.
11Provisions as to documents applied to material objects.

Order 14- Settlement of issues and determination of suit on issues of law or on Issues agreed upon. [7]

RuleDescription
1Framing of issues.
2Court to pronounce judgment on all issues.
3Materials from which issues may be framed.
4Court may examine witnesses or documents before framing issues.
5Power to amend and strike out, issues.
6Questions of fact or law may by agreement be stated in form of issues.
7Court, if satisfied that agreement was executed in good faith, may pronounce judgment.

Order 15- Disposal of the Suit at the First Hearing [8]

RuleDescription
1Parties not at issue.
2One of several defendants not at issue.
3Parties at issue.
4Failure to produce evidence.

Order 16- Summoning and Attendance of Witnesses [8]

RuleDescription
1List of witnesses and summons to witnesses.
1AProduction of witnesses without summons.
2Expenses of witness to be paid into Court on applying for summons;

Experts; Scale of expenses; and Expenses to be directly paid to witnesses.

3Tender of expenses to witness.
4Procedure where insufficient sum paid in.

Expenses of witnesses detained more than one day.

5Time, place and purpose of attendance to be specified in summons.
6Summons to produce document.
7Power to require persons present in Court to give evidence or produce document.
7ASummons given to the party for service.
8Summons how served.
9Time for serving summons.
10Procedure where witness fails to comply with summons.
11If witness appears, attachment may be withdrawn.
12Procedure if witness fails to appear.
13Mode of attachment.
14Court may of its own accord summon as witnesses strangers to suit.
15Duty of persons summoned to give evidence or produce document.
16When they may depart.
17Application of rules 10 to 13.
18Procedure where witness apprehended cannot give evidence or produce document.
19No witness to be ordered to attend in person unless resident within certain limits.
20Consequence of refusal of party to give evidence when called on by Court.
21Rules as to witnesses to apply to parties summoned.

Order 15-A- Attendance of Witnesses Confined or Demand in Prisons [9]

RuleDescription
1Definitions.
2Power to require attendance of prisoners to give evidence.
3Expenses to be paid into Court.
4Power of State Government to exclude certain persons from the operation of rule 2.
5Officer in charge of prison to abstain from carrying out order in certain cases.
6Prisoner to be brought to Court in custody.
7Power to issue commission for examination of witness in prison.

Order 16- Adjournment [9]

RuleDescription
1Court may grant time and adjourn hearing.
2Procedure if parties fail to appear on day fixed.
3Court may proceed notwithstanding either party fails to produce evidence, etc.

Order 17- Hearing of the Suit and Examination of Witnesses [9]

RuleDescription
1Right to begin.
2Statement and production of evidence.
3Evidence where several issues.
3AParty to appear before other witnesses.
4Recording of evidence.
5How evidence shall be taken in appealable cases.
6When deposition to be interpreted.
7Evidence under section 138.
8Memorandum when evidence not taken down by Judge.
9When evidence may be taken in English.
10Any particular question and answer may be taken down.
11Questions objected to and allowed by Court.
12Remarks on demeanour of witnesses.
13Memorandum of evidence in unappealable cases.
14[Omitted.].
15Power to deal with evidence taken before another Judge.
16Power to examine witness immediately.
17Court may recall and examine witness.
17A[Omitted.].
18Power of Court to inspect.
19Power to get statements recorded on commission.

Order 18- Hearing of the Suit and Examination of Witnesses [9]

RuleDescription
1Right to begin.
2Statement and production of evidence.
3Evidence where several issues.
3AParty to appear before other witnesses.
4Recording of evidence.
5How evidence shall be taken in appealable cases.
6When deposition to be interpreted.
7Evidence under section 138.
8Memorandum when evidence not taken down by Judge.
9When evidence may be taken in English.
10Any particular question and answer may be taken down.
11Questions objected to and allowed by Court.
12Remarks on demeanour of witnesses.
13Memorandum of evidence in unappealable cases.
14[Omitted.].
15Power to deal with evidence taken before another Judge.
16Power to examine witness immediately.
17Court may recall and examine witness.
17A[Omitted.].
18Power of Court to inspect.
19Power to get statements recorded on commission.

Order 19- Affidavits [9]

RuleDescription
1Power to order any point to be proved by affidavit.
2Power to order attendance of deponent for cross-examination.
3Matters to which affidavits shall be confined.

Order 20- Judgement and Decree [10]

RuleDescription
1Judgment when pronounced.
2Power to pronounce judgment written by Judge’s predecessor.
3Judgment to be signed.
4Judgments of Small Cause Courts.

Judgments of other Courts.

5Court to state its decision on each issue.
5ACourt to inform parties as to where an appeal lies in cases where parties are not represented by pleaders.
6Contents of decree.
6APreparation of Decree.
6BCopies of judgments when to be made available.
7Date of decree.
8Procedure where Judge has vacated office before signing decree.
9Decree for recovery of immovable property.
10Decree for delivery of movable property.
11Decree may direct payment by instalments.

Order, after decree, for payment by instalments.

12Decree for possession and mesne profits.
12ADecree for specific performance of contract for the sale or lease of immovable property.
13Decree in administration-suit.
14Decree in pre-emption-suit.
15Decree in suit for dissolution of partnership.
16Decree in suit for account between principal and agent.
17Special directions as to accounts.
18Decree in suit for partition of property or separate possession of a share therein.
19Decree when set-off or counter-claim is allowed.

Appeal from decree relating to set-off or counter-claim.

20Certified copies of judgment and decree to be furnished.

Order 20A- Costs [10]

RuleDescription
1Provisions relating to certain items.
2Costs to be awarded in accordance with the rules made by High Court.

Order 21- Execution of Decrees and Orders [10]

Payment under Decree

RuleDescription
1Modes of paying money under decree.
2Payment out of Court to decree-holder
3Lands situate in more than one jurisdiction.
4Transfer to Court of Small Causes.
5Mode of transfer.
6Procedure where Court desires that its own decree shall be executed by another Court.
7Court receiving copies of decree, etc., to file same without proof.
8Execution of decree or order by Court to which it is sent.
9Execution by High court of decree transferred by other Court.

Application for Execution

RuleDescription
10Application for execution.
11Oral application.

Written application.

12Application for arrest to state grounds.
12AApplication for attachment of movable property not in judgment-debtor’s possession.
13Application for attachment of immovable property to contain certain particulars.
14Power to require certified extract from Collector’s register in certain cases.
15Application for execution by joint decree-holders.
16Application for execution by transferee of decree.
17Procedure on receiving application for execution of decree.
18Execution in case of cross-decrees. 19. 20. 21. 22. 22A. 23.
19Execution in case of cross-claims under same decree.
20Cross-decrees and cross-claims in mortgage suits.
21Simultaneous execution.
22Notice to show cause against execution in certain cases.
22ASale not to be set aside on the death of the judgment-debtor before the sale but after the service of the proclamation of sale.
23Procedure after issue of notice.

Process for execution

RuleDescription
24Process for execution.
25Endorsement on process.

Stay of execution

RuleDescription
26When Court may stay execution.

Power to require security from, or impose conditions upon, judgment-debtor.

27Liability of judgment-debtor discharged.
28Order of Court which passed decree or of Appellate Court to be binding upon Court applied to.
29Stay of execution pending suit between decree-holder and judgment-debtors.

Mode of execution

RuleDescription
30Decree for payment of money.
31Decree for specific movable property.
32Decree for specific performance for restitution of conjugal rights, or for an injunction.
33Discretion of Court in executing decrees for restitution of conjugal rights.
34Decree for execution of document, or endorsement of negotiable instrument.
35Decree for immovable property.
36Decree for delivery of immovable property when in occupancy of tenant.
37Discretionary power to permit judgment-debtor to show cause against detention in prison.
38Warrant for arrest to direct judgment-debtor to be brought up.
39Subsistence-allowance.
40Proceedings on appearance of judgment-debtor in obedience to notice or after arrest.

Attachment of property

RuleDescription
41Examination of judgment-debtor as to his property.
42Attachment in case of decree for rent or mesne profits or other matter, amount of which to be subsequently determined.
43Attachment of movable property, other than agricultural produce, in possession of judgment-debtor.
43ACustody of movable property.
44Attachment of agricultural produce.
45Provisions as to agricultural produce under attachment.
46Attachment of debt, share and other property not in possession of judgment-debtor.
46ANotice to garnishee.
46BOrder against garnishee.
46CTrial of disputed questions.
46DProcedure where debt belongs to third person.
46EOrder as regards third person.
46FPayment by garnishee to be valid discharge.
46GCosts.
46HAppeals.
46IApplication to negotiable instruments.
47Attachment of share in movables.
48Attachment of salary or allowances of servant of the Government or railway company or local authority.
48AAttachment of salary or allowances of private employees.
49Attachment of partnership property.
50Execution of decree against firm.
51Attachment of negotiable instruments.
52Attachment of property in custody of Court or public officer.
53Attachment of decrees.
54Attachment of immovable property.
55Removal of attachment after satisfaction of decree.
56Order for payment of coin or currency notes to party entitled under decree.
57Determination of attachment.

Adjudication of claims and objections

RuleDescription
58Adjudication of claims to, or objections to attachment, of property.
59Stay of sale.
60[Omitted.].
61[Omitted.].
62[Omitted.].
63[Omitted.].

Sale generally

RuleDescription
64Power to order property attached to be sold and proceeds to be paid to person entitled.
65Sales by whom conducted and how made. 66.
66Proclamation of sales by public auction.
67Mode of making proclamation.
68Time of sale.
69Adjournment or stoppage of sale.
70[Omitted.].
71Defaulting purchaser answerable for loss on re-sale.
72Decree-holder not to bid for or buy property without permission.

Where decree-holder purchases, amount of decree may be taken as payment.

72AMortgagee not to bid at sale without the leave of the Court.
73Restriction on bidding or purchase by officers.

Sale of movable property

RuleDescription
74Sale of agricultural produce.
75Special provisions relating to growing crops.
76Negotiable instruments and shares in corporations.
77Sale by public auction.
78Irregularity not to vitiate sale, but any person injured may sue.
79Delivery of movable property, debts and shares.
80Transfer of negotiable instruments and shares.
81Vesting order in case of other property.

Sale of immovable property

RuleDescription
82What Courts may order sales.
83Postponement of sale to enable judgment-debtor to raise amount of decree.
84Deposit by purchaser and re-sale on default.
85Time for payment in full of purchase-money.
86Procedure in default of payment.
87Notification on re-sale.
88Bid of co-sharer to have preference.
89Application to set aside sale on deposit.
90Application to set aside sale on ground of irregularity or fraud.
91Application by purchaser to set aside sale on ground of judgment-debtor having no saleable interest.
92Sale when to become absolute or be set aside.
93Return of purchaser-money in certain cases.
94Certificate to purchaser.
95Delivery of property in occupancy of judgment-debtor.
96Delivery of property in occupancy of tenant.

Resistance to delivery of possession to decree-holder or purchaser

RuleDescription
97Resistance or obstruction to possession of immovable property.
98Orders after adjudication.
99Dispossession by decree-holder or purchaser.
100Order to be passed upon application complaining of dispossession.
101Question to be determined.
102Rules not applicable to transferee pendente lite.
103Orders to be treated as decrees.
104Orders under rule 101 or rule 103 to be subject to the result of pending suit.
105Hearing of application.
106Setting aside orders passed ex parte, etc.

See also

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