Americium hexafluoride

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Americium hexafluoride
Americium hexafluoride.svg
Names
Other names
Americium(VI) fluoride
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
  • InChI=1S/Am.6FH/h;6*1H/q+6;;;;;;/p-6
    Key: MOPXCOMYGFTBPM-UHFFFAOYSA-H
  • F[Am](F)(F)(F)(F)F
Properties
AmF6
Molar mass 357 g·mol−1
Related compounds
Related compounds
Uranium hexafluoride
Curium hexafluoride
Einsteinium hexafluoride
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

Americium hexafluoride is an inorganic chemical compound of americium metal and fluorine with the chemical formula AmF
6
. It is still a hypothetical compound. [1] [2] Synthesis by fluorination of americium tetrafluoride was unsuccessfully attempted in 1990. [3] A thermochromatographic identification in 1986 remains inconclusive. [4] Calculations suggest that it may be distorted from octahedral symmetry. [4]

Synthesis

It is proposed that AmF
6
can be prepared by in both the condensed and gaseous states by the reaction of KrF
2
with AmF
3
in anhydrous HF at 313–333 K. [5]

2 AmF3 + 3 KrF2 → 2 AmF6 + 3 Kr [6]

Related Research Articles

In chemistry, noble gas compounds are chemical compounds that include an element from the noble gases, group 18 of the periodic table. Although the noble gases are generally unreactive elements, many such compounds have been observed, particularly involving the element xenon.

Dioxygen difluoride is a compound of fluorine and oxygen with the molecular formula O2F2. It can exist as an orange-colored solid which melts into a red liquid at −163 °C (110 K). It is an extremely strong oxidant and decomposes into oxygen and fluorine even at −160 °C (113 K) at a rate of 4% per dayits lifetime at room temperature is thus extremely short. Dioxygen difluoride reacts vigorously with nearly every chemical it encounters (including ordinary ice) leading to its onomatopoeic nickname FOOF (a play on its chemical structure and its explosive tendencies).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Xenon hexafluoride</span> Chemical compound

Xenon hexafluoride is a noble gas compound with the formula XeF6. It is one of the three binary fluorides of xenon that have been studied experimentally, the other two being XeF2 and XeF4. All known are exergonic and stable at normal temperatures. XeF6 is the strongest fluorinating agent of the series. It is a colorless solid that readily sublimes into intensely yellow vapors.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Platinum hexafluoride</span> Chemical compound

Platinum hexafluoride is the chemical compound with the formula PtF6, and is one of seventeen known binary hexafluorides. It is a dark-red volatile solid that forms a red gas. The compound is a unique example of platinum in the +6 oxidation state. With only four d-electrons, it is paramagnetic with a triplet ground state. PtF6 is a strong fluorinating agent and one of the strongest oxidants, capable of oxidising xenon and O2. PtF6 is octahedral in both the solid state and in the gaseous state. The Pt-F bond lengths are 185 picometers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Xenon difluoride</span> Chemical compound

Xenon difluoride is a powerful fluorinating agent with the chemical formula XeF
2
, and one of the most stable xenon compounds. Like most covalent inorganic fluorides it is moisture-sensitive. It decomposes on contact with water vapor, but is otherwise stable in storage. Xenon difluoride is a dense, colourless crystalline solid.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Technetium hexafluoride</span> Chemical compound

Technetium hexafluoride or technetium(VI) fluoride (TcF6) is a yellow inorganic compound with a low melting point. It was first identified in 1961. In this compound, technetium has an oxidation state of +6, the highest oxidation state found in the technetium halides. In this respect, technetium differs from rhenium, which forms a heptafluoride, ReF7. Technetium hexafluoride occurs as an impurity in uranium hexafluoride, as technetium is a fission product of uranium (spontaneous fission in natural uranium, possible contamination from induced fission inside the reactor in reprocessed uranium). The fact that the boiling point of the hexafluorides of uranium and technetium are very close to each other presents a problem in using fluoride volatility in nuclear reprocessing.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Krypton difluoride</span> Chemical compound

Krypton difluoride, KrF2 is a chemical compound of krypton and fluorine. It was the first compound of krypton discovered. It is a volatile, colourless solid at room temperature. The structure of the KrF2 molecule is linear, with Kr−F distances of 188.9 pm. It reacts with strong Lewis acids to form salts of the KrF+ and Kr
2
F+
3
cations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Plutonium hexafluoride</span> Chemical compound

Plutonium hexafluoride is the highest fluoride of plutonium, and is of interest for laser enrichment of plutonium, in particular for the production of pure plutonium-239 from irradiated uranium. This isotope of plutonium is needed to avoid premature ignition of low-mass nuclear weapon designs by neutrons produced by spontaneous fission of plutonium-240.

A hexafluoride is a chemical compound with the general formula QXnF6, QXnF6m−, or QXnF6m+. Many molecules fit this formula. An important hexafluoride is hexafluorosilicic acid (H2SiF6), which is a byproduct of the mining of phosphate rock. In the nuclear industry, uranium hexafluoride (UF6) is an important intermediate in the purification of this element.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Iridium hexafluoride</span> Chemical compound

Iridium hexafluoride, also iridium(VI) fluoride, (IrF6) is a compound of iridium and fluorine and one of the seventeen known binary hexafluorides. It is one of only a few compounds with iridium in the oxidation state +6.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Molybdenum hexafluoride</span> Chemical compound

Molybdenum hexafluoride, also molybdenum(VI) fluoride, is the inorganic compound with the formula MoF6. It is the highest fluoride of molybdenum. It is a colourless solid and melts just below room temperature and boils in 34 °C. It is one of the seventeen known binary hexafluorides.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chromyl fluoride</span> Chemical compound

Chromyl fluoride is an inorganic compound with the formula CrO2F2. It is a violet-red colored crystalline solid that melts to an orange-red liquid.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rhenium hexafluoride</span> Chemical compound

Rhenium hexafluoride, also rhenium(VI) fluoride, (ReF6) is a compound of rhenium and fluorine and one of the seventeen known binary hexafluorides.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Polonium hexafluoride</span> Chemical compound

Polonium hexafluoride is a possible chemical compound of polonium and fluorine and one of the seventeen known binary hexafluorides.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Osmium hexafluoride</span> Chemical compound

Osmium hexafluoride, also osmium(VI) fluoride, (OsF6) is a compound of osmium and fluorine, and one of the seventeen known binary hexafluorides.

Fluorine forms a great variety of chemical compounds, within which it always adopts an oxidation state of −1. With other atoms, fluorine forms either polar covalent bonds or ionic bonds. Most frequently, covalent bonds involving fluorine atoms are single bonds, although at least two examples of a higher order bond exist. Fluoride may act as a bridging ligand between two metals in some complex molecules. Molecules containing fluorine may also exhibit hydrogen bonding. Fluorine's chemistry includes inorganic compounds formed with hydrogen, metals, nonmetals, and even noble gases; as well as a diverse set of organic compounds. For many elements the highest known oxidation state can be achieved in a fluoride. For some elements this is achieved exclusively in a fluoride, for others exclusively in an oxide; and for still others the highest oxidation states of oxides and fluorides are always equal.

Difluoroamino sulfur pentafluoride is a gaseous chemical compound of fluorine, sulfur, and nitrogen. It is unusual in having a hexa-coordinated sulfur atom with a link to nitrogen. Other names for this substance include difluoro(pentafluorosulfur)amine, pentafluorosulfanyldifluoramine, and pentafluorosulfanyl N,N-difluoramine.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Krypton tetrafluoride</span> Chemical compound

Krypton(IV) fluoride is a hypothetical inorganic chemical compound of krypton and fluorine with the chemical formula KrF4. At one time researchers thought they had synthesized it, but the claim was discredited. The compound is predicted to be difficult to make and unstable if made. Theoretical analysis indicates KrF4 would have an approximately square planar molecular geometry.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Krypton hexafluoride</span> Chemical compound

Krypton hexafluoride is an inorganic chemical compound of krypton and fluorine with the chemical formula KrF6. It is still a hypothetical compound.

Gold hexafluoride is a hypothetical binary inorganic chemical compound of gold and fluorine with the chemical formula AuF6. As of 2023, it is still a hypothetical compound that has never been prepared or observed. In 1999, Neil Bartlett stated, "It should exist, if made at low temperature and kept cold."

References

  1. Meyer, G.; Morss, L. R. (6 December 2012). Synthesis of Lanthanide and Actinide Compounds. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 80. ISBN   978-94-011-3758-4 . Retrieved 29 March 2023.
  2. O'Donnell, T. A. (8 June 2017). The Chemistry of Fluorine: Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry. Elsevier. p. 1093. ISBN   978-1-4831-4642-3 . Retrieved 29 March 2023.
  3. Malm, J. G.; Weinstock, B.; Weaver, E. E. (1958). "The Preparation and Properties of NpF6; a Comparison with PuF6". The Journal of Physical Chemistry. 62 (12): 1506–1508. doi:10.1021/j150570a009.
  4. 1 2 Seppelt, Konrad (2015). "Molecular Hexafluorides". Chemical Reviews. 115 (2): 1296–1306. doi:10.1021/cr5001783. PMID   25418862.
  5. Silva, R. J.; Bidoglio, G.; Robouch, P. B.; Puigdomenech, I.; Wanner, H.; Rand, M. H. (2 December 2012). Chemical Thermodynamics of Americium. Newnes. p. 114. ISBN   978-0-444-59935-3 . Retrieved 29 March 2023.
  6. Прусаков, Владимир Николаевич (2013). Избранные научные труды (in Russian). Rosatom. p. 59. Retrieved 29 March 2023.