| Avihepadnavirus | |
|---|---|
Virus classification  | |
| (unranked): | Virus |
| Realm: | Riboviria |
| Kingdom: | Pararnavirae |
| Phylum: | Artverviricota |
| Class: | Revtraviricetes |
| Order: | Blubervirales |
| Family: | Hepadnaviridae |
| Genus: | Avihepadnavirus |
| Species | |
Avihepadnavirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Hepadnaviridae . [1] Birds serve as natural hosts. There are three species in this genus. [1] Diseases associated with this genus include: hepatitis, hepatocellular carcinomas (chronic infections), and cirrhosis. [2] [3]
The genus contains the following species: [4]
Viruses in the genus Avihepadnavirus are enveloped, with spherical geometries, and T=4 symmetry. The diameter is around 42 nm. Genomes are circular, around 3.2kb in length. The genome codes for 7 proteins. [1] [2]
| Genus | Structure | Symmetry | Capsid | Genomic arrangement | Genomic segmentation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avihepadnavirus | Icosahedral | T=4 | Non-enveloped | Circular | Monopartite |
Viral replication is nucleo-cytoplasmic. Replication follows the dsDNA(RT) replication model. DNA-templated transcription, specifically dsDNA-RT transcription, with some alternative splicing mechanism is the method of transcription. Translation takes place by ribosomal shunting. The virus exits the host cell by budding, and nuclear pore export. Birds serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are parental, sexual, and blood. [1] [2]
| Genus | Host details | Tissue tropism | Entry details | Release details | Replication site | Assembly site | Transmission |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avihepadnavirus | Birds | Hepatocytes | Cell receptor endocytosis | Budding | Nucleus | Cytoplasm | Vertical: parental; sex; blood |
Hepadnaviridae is a family of viruses. Humans, apes, and birds serve as natural hosts. There are currently 18 species in this family, divided among 5 genera. Its best-known member is hepatitis B virus. Diseases associated with this family include: liver infections, such as hepatitis, hepatocellular carcinomas, and cirrhosis. It is the sole accepted family in the order Blubervirales.
Aviadenoviruses are adenoviruses that affect birds—particularly chickens, ducks, geese, turkeys and pheasants. There are 15 species in this genus. Viruses in this genus cause specific disease syndromes such as Quail Bronchitis (QB), Egg Drop Syndrome (EDS), Haemorrhagic Enteritis (HE), Pheasant Marble Spleen Disease (MSD), and Inclusion Body Hepatitis (IBH). Avian adenoviruses have a worldwide distribution and it is common to find multiple species on a single farm. The most common serogroups are serogroup 1, 2 and 3.
Mardivirus is a genus of viruses in the order Herpesvirales, in the family Herpesviridae, in the subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae. Chickens, turkeys, and quail serve as natural hosts. There are six species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: Marek's disease, which causes asymmetric paralysis of one or more limbs, neurological symptoms, and development of multiple lymphomas that manifest as solid tumors. Gallid herpesvirus 2 is the only one of these viruses known to be pathogenic and due to the antigenic similarity between the three viruses the other two have been used to vaccinate against Marek's disease. These viruses have double stranded DNA genomes with no RNA intermediate.
Baltimore classification is a system used to classify viruses based on their manner of messenger RNA (mRNA) synthesis. By organizing viruses based on their manner of mRNA production, it is possible to study viruses that behave similarly as a distinct group. Seven Baltimore groups are described that take into consideration whether the viral genome is made of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or ribonucleic acid (RNA), whether the genome is single- or double-stranded, and whether the sense of a single-stranded RNA genome is positive or negative.
Petuvirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Caulimoviridae order Ortervirales. Plants serve as natural hosts. There is only one species in this genus: Petunia vein clearing virus. Diseases associated with this genus include: plants: chlorotic vein clearing, leaf malformation.
Iltovirus is a genus of viruses in the order Herpesvirales, in the family Herpesviridae, in the subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae. Birds, galliform birds, psittacine birds, chickens, turkeys, and quail serve as natural hosts. There are only two species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: acute respiratory diseases: gaHV-1: infectious laryngotracheitis; psHV-1: Pacheco's disease.
Orthohepadnavirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Hepadnaviridae. Humans and other mammals serve as natural hosts. There are 12 species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: hepatitis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and cirrhosis.
Globuloviridae is a family of hyperthermophilic archaeal viruses. Crenarchaea of the genera Pyrobaculum and Thermoproteus serve as natural hosts. There are four species in this family, assigned to a single genus, Alphaglobulovirus.
The transmission of hepadnaviruses between their natural hosts, humans, non-human primates, and birds, including intra-species host transmission and cross-species transmission, is a topic of study in virology.
Betabaculovirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Baculoviridae. Arthropods serve as natural hosts. There are 26 species in this genus.
Betapapillomavirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Papillomaviridae. Human serve as natural hosts. There are six species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include warts, papilloma, and malignant tumours.
Caulimovirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Caulimoviridae order Ortervirales. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are 12 species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: vein-clearing or banding mosaic.
Cavemovirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Caulimoviridae order Ortervirales. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are three species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: vein-clearing or banding mosaic.
Etapapillomavirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Papillomaviridae. Birds serve as natural hosts. There is only one species in this genus: Etapapillomavirus 1. Diseases associated with this genus include: causes cutaneous lesions.
Iridovirus is a genus of viruses in the family Iridoviridae. Insects serve as natural hosts. Currently, only two species are placed in this genus. Invertebrate iridescent virus 6 (IIV-6) was recognised as the type species until such a designation was abolished. IIV-6 is hosted by mosquitos and usually causes covert (inapparent) infection that reduces fitness. The remaining species Invertebrate iridescent virus 31 (IIV-31) is hosted by isopods and causes patent (apparent) infection characterised by blue to bluish-purple iridescence and a shortened lifespan.
Omikronpapillomavirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Papillomaviridae. Porpoises serve as natural hosts. There is only one species in this genus: Omikronpapillomavirus 1. Diseases associated with this genus include: causes genital warts.
Soymovirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Caulimoviridae order Ortervirales. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are four species in this genus.
Thetapapillomavirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Papillomaviridae. Birds serve as natural hosts. There is only one species in this genus: Thetapapillomavirus 1. Diseases associated with this genus include cutaneous lesions.
Xipapillomavirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Papillomaviridae. Bovine serve as natural hosts. There are five species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: true papillomas on the cutaneous or mucosal surfaces of cattle.
Solendovirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Caulimoviridae order Ortervirales. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are two species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: TVCV: vein-clearing symptoms in N. edwardsonii.