Battle of the Morcuera

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Battle of the Morcuera
Part of the Reconquista
Date9 August 865
Location
Result Córdoban Emirate victory
Belligerents
Emblema del Reino de Asturias.svg Kingdom of Asturias
Estandarte del Reino de Castilla.svg Kingdom of Castile
Toledo rebels
Rectangular green flag.svg Emirate of Córdoba
Commanders and leaders
Emblema del Reino de Asturias.svg Ordoño I of Asturias
Estandarte del Reino de Castilla.svg Rodrigo of Castile
Rectangular green flag.svg Muhammad I of Córdoba

The Battle of the Morcuera, was a battle of the Spanish Reconquista that took place in the Hoz de la Morcuera between the municipalities of Foncea and Bugedo nearby the city of Miranda de Ebro on 9 August, 865. The battle was fought between the combined Christian troops of the Kingdom of Castile and the Kingdom of Asturias under Rodrigo of Castile and the Muslim forces of the Emirate of Cordoba under Muhammad I of Córdoba. The battle resulted in a victory for the Cordobans and a general retreat in the overall Reconquista process.[ citation needed ]

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Battle

In the year 865, Muhammad I of Córdoba attacked the Kingdom of Asturias during the reign of Ordoño I. Christian forces under the command of Rodrigo of Castile, the count of Castile, were attacked in the gorge of Hoz de la Morcuera. The Muslim forces surprised the Christian forces throughout the Miranda de Ebro valley and the fighting carried all the way to Añana. After retreating from the general area, Rodrigo of Castile attempted to cut off the Muslim escape route at Pancorbo, but failed when the Muslims gained knowledge of his intentions. They escaped by way of the basin of the Oja River.

This defeat caused a general halt to the re-population efforts undertaken by the Christians in the area of Meseta Central, a job that Ordoño I's son, Alfonso III of Asturias would continue throughout his own reign. Alfonso III would also there deal with sectors of the Asturian nobility who had desires for independence.

Muhammad I of Córdoba took advantage of the disabilities encountered by the Christians when they further lost the fortresses of Cerezo Río Tirón, Ibrillos and Grañón to send new waves of attack in 866 and 867.

The Muslim historian Ibn Idhari recounts the battle in his book Al-Bayan al-Mughrib :

En 251 [2 de febrero 865] se hizo una nueva campaña contra Álava. He aquí el relato de la derrota del Markawiz ¡Alá le confunda! Abd al-Rahman ibn Muhammad comenzó por avanzar hasta el Duero, donde organizó las tropas que vinieron a unírsele desde todas partes; de allí llevó su campo al desfiladero de (Río) Paradiso, se apoderó de los cuatro fuertes que la defendían, tomó cuanto contenían y los arrasó; después marchó de una parte a otra en todas direcciones, no dejó en pie ninguna localidad ni habitación alguna, lo destruyó y lo quemó todo. Gracias a este método (de arrasamiento intensivo) sistemáticamente seguido, no permaneció intacto uno solo de los castillos pertenecientes a Rodrigo, príncipe de Al-Qila (los castillos o Castilla); a Ordoño, príncipe de Tuqa (Oca); a Gundisalbo, príncipe de Burcha (Burgos), y a Gómez, príncipe de Mesaneka (?). Abd al-Rahman se dirigió en seguida contra Al-Mallaha (Salinas de Añana), que era uno de los más grandes distritos que dependían de Rodrigo; arrasó todos los alrededores e hizo desaparecer hasta las huellas (de la capital). Después de otener tales éxitos pensó en salir (del país) por el desfiladero de Al-Markawiz (La Morcuera). Se había apartado (de Al-Mallaha) para acampar, cuando Rodrigo, avanzando a la cabeza de sus tropas y de las levas que había reunido, instaló su campo cerca del foso vecino del Markawiz, foso cuyos accesos, desde hacía años, se había cuidado de hacer más difíciles mediante trabajos ejecutados por medio de corveas; separado de la montaña y provisto de un talud elevado, era infranqueable. Abd al-Rahman instaló su campo sobre el Ebro y el general Abd al-Malik situó sus tropas en orden de batalla, mientras que los cristianos tomaban igualmente sus disposiciones y colocaban tropas en emboscada en los dos flancos del desfiladero. Los musulmanes atacaron a los cristianos de frente y comenzó un combate encarnizado; pero los nuestros se batieron de tal suerte que sus enemigos, descubriendo el foso, se retiraron sobre una colina vecina. Entonces Alb al-Rahman hizo instalar su tienda y dio órdenes a los soldados de hacer otro tanto y de establecer capamento. Después los nuestros volvieron a atacar vigorosamente a los cristianos. Alá les golpeó en el rostro y nos entregó sus espaldas de modo que se hizo de ellos una horrible matanza y que gran cantidad de prisioneros quedaron en nuestras manos. El resto huyó, sin detenerse, hacia la región de Al-Ahrum (Haro) y debió arrojarse al Ebro sin poder encontrar un paso vadeable, por lo que muchos se ahogaron. La matanza duró desde la aurora del jueves 12 Rachab [9 de agosto 865] hasta mediodía, y nuestras tropas, gracias a la ayuda divina, salieron sanas y salvas del combate. Después de comenzada la matanza, algunas bandas lograron refugiarse en lugares abruptos y en las espesuras; pero no escaparon tampoco a la persecución y la muerte. El foso fue destruido y llenado, de suerte que los musulmanes pudieron atravesarlo sin peligro y cómodamente. Alá concedió a los musulmanes un insigne favor al permitirles obtener esta brillante e importante victoria; ¡alabado sea el Señor de los mundos! Después de la batalla se reunieron veinte mil cuatrocientos setenta y dos cabezas.

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Coordinates: 42°41′00″N2°56′00″W / 42.6833°N 2.9333°W / 42.6833; -2.9333