Kumyks are a Turkic people, indigenous to Dagestan, Chechnya and North Ossetia. They are the largest Turkic people in the North Caucasus.
The Sadz or Asadzwa, also Jigets, are a subethnic group of the Abkhazians. They are sometimes purported to have originated from the Sanigoi tribe mentioned by the Classic authors. In the 6th century, they formed a tribal principality, which later commingled with the Abasgoi, Apsilae and Missimianoi into the Kingdom of Abkhazia.
The Institute of Anthropology and Ethnography or N.N. Miklukho-Maklai Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology is a Russian institute of research, specializing in ethnographic studies of cultural and physical anthropology. The institute is a constituent institute of the History branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, with its main building on Leninsky Prospekt, Moscow.
Alla Yervandovna "Yervandi" Ter-Sarkisiants was a historian and ethnographer of Armenia, doctor of historical sciences, leading specialist of the Caucasus department of N. N. Miklukho-Maklai Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences.
Victor Alexandrovich Schnirelmann is a Russian historian, ethnologist and a member of Academia Europaea. He is a senior researcher of N. N. Miklukho-Maklai Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology at the Russian Academy of Sciences and an author of over 300 works, including over 20 monographies on archaeology. Schnirelmann's main fields include the ideologies of nationalism in Russia and CIS, ethnocentrism and irredentism.
The Siberians or Siberiaks are the majority inhabitants of Siberia, as well as the Sub-ethnic or ethnographic group of the Russians.
The Pamirid race, also Pamir-Fergana race, is the most Eastern subrace of the Europid race, a racial category is now considered to be obsolete. It was said to be common in Central Asia, represented mostly by the Tajiks, Uyghurs and the Pamir people and Uzbeks. Characterized by brachycephalic skull, dark hair, white skin, narrow protruding nose and fairly strong development of the tertiary hair cover.
The Shamkhalate of Tarki, or Tarki Shamkhalate was a Kumyk state in the eastern part of the North Caucasus, with its capital in the ancient town of Tarki. It formed on the territory populated by Kumyks and included territories corresponding to modern Dagestan and adjacent regions. After subjugation by the Russian Empire, the Shamkhalate's lands were split between the Empire's feudal domain with the same name extending from the river Sulak to the southern borders of Dagestan, between Kumyk possessions of the Russian Empire and other administrative units.
Yuriy Ivanovich Semenov is a Soviet and Russian historian, philosopher, ethnologist, anthropologist, expert on the history of philosophy, history of primitive society, and the theory of knowledge. He is also the original creator of the globally-formation (relay-stadial) concept of world history and is a Doctor of Philosophy, Doctor of Historical Sciences (1963), and Professor.
Kumykia, or rarely called Kumykistan, is a historical and geographical region located along the Caspian Sea shores, on the Kumyk plateau, in the foothills of Dagestan and along the river Terek. The term Kumykia encompasses territories which are historically and currently populated by the Turkic-speaking Kumyk people. Kumykia was the main "granary of Dagestan". The important trade routes, such as one of the branches of the Great Silk Road, passed via Kumykia.
The Rutul Federation or The Rutul Free Society is a Rutul state located in Southern Dagestan and was formed in the 7th century.
Vitii is an ancient tribe that lived on the territory of Caucasian Albania. Some scholars believe that the Vitii were Caucasian Albanians, while others consider them to have migrated to the Caucasus by the ancient Greeks. Some consider the Vitii to be the ancestors of the modern Udins, but according to other statements, these two tribes could live at the same time. V.V. Nikolaev identifies the Vitii with Gutians. A.A. Tuallagov describes the Vitii as Caucasian Tocharians and says that they came from the territory of the Yuezhi tribe.
The Fyappiy, exonym: Kists/Nearby Kists, were an Ingush society. The centre of the society was the aul of Metskhal, after which it was simultaneously called Metskhalin society and the inhabitants Metskhalins in the 2nd half of the 19th century. The region of historical settlement of Fyappiy was Fyappiy Mokhk.
Circassians is a broad ethnonym of the Turkic origin, which in Russia, Turkey and Persia used to be, and in the case of Turkey is now, applied to peoples of different ethnicities living on the North Eastern and Eastern shores of the Black Sea and in the Northern Caucasus.
Galashkinskoe Naibstvo, self-designated as Vilayet Kalay, was an Ingush administrative unit of the North Caucasian Imamate. The Naibstvo was the farthest region of the Imamate in the west and it was established on the territory of Galashian society with the center being the village of Galashki.
Galashians, were a historical Ingush ethnoterritorial society, which formed in the middle of 18th century. The name comes from the village of Galashki, which is geographically located in the very center of the society. Galashians were located in the middle and lower reaches of the river Assa and the basin of the river Fortanga.
Ghalghaï is the self-name of the Ingush people that has an ancient origin. It is most often associated with the term "ghala" (гIала) - tower/fortress and accordingly is translated as the people/inhabitants of towers/fortresses. Some scholars associate it with the ancient Gargareans and Gelae mentioned in the 1st century in the work of the ancient historian and geographer Strabo. In Georgian sources, in the form of Gligvi, it is mentioned as an ethnonym that existed during the reign of Mirian I, as well as the ruler of Kakheti Kvirike III. In Russian sources, "Ghalghaï" first becomes known in the second half of the 16th century, in the form of "Kolkans"/"Kalkans", "Kolki"/"Kalki", "Kalkan people".
Dzherakh, exonym: Erokhan people, were a historical Ingush ethnoterritorial society, that was formed in the Dzheyrakhin gorge, as well as in the area of the lower reaches of the Armkhi River and the upper reaches of the Terek River.
Khamkhins, also known as Ghalghaï, were a historical Ingush ethnoterritorial society, which was located in the upper reaches of the Assa River. The Khamkhin society, like the Tsorin society, was formed from the former "Ghalghaï society" as a result of the transfer of rural government to Khamkhi.
Tsorins, Tsori, also Ghalghaï, were a historical Ingush ethnoterritorial society that was located in mountainous Ingushetia in the region of river Guloykhi. The center of the society was Tsori from which it got its name. Tsorin society, like the Khamkhin society, was formed from the former "Galgaï society" as a result of the transfer (appearance) of rural government to the village Tsori.