Closterovirus

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Closterovirus
Virus classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Riboviria
Kingdom: Orthornavirae
Phylum: Kitrinoviricota
Class: Alsuviricetes
Order: Martellivirales
Family: Closteroviridae
Genus:Closterovirus
3'-terminal pseudoknot in BYV
RF01100.png
Predicted secondary structure of the 3'-terminal pseudoknot in BYV
Identifiers
Rfam RF01100
Other data
RNA type Cis-reg
Domain(s) Closterovirus
PDB structures PDBe

Closterovirus, also known as beet yellows viral group, is a genus of viruses, in the family Closteroviridae . [1] Plants serve as natural hosts. There are 17 species in this genus. [1] [2] Diseases associated with this genus include: yellowing and necrosis, particularly affecting the phloem. [1] [3] This genus has a probably worldwide distribution and includes among other viral species the Beet yellows virus (the type species) and Citrus tristeza virus , rather economically important plant diseases. At least some species require vectors such as aphids or mealybugs for their transmission from plant to plant. [1]

Contents

Taxonomy

The following species are assigned to the genus: [2]

RNA pseudoknot

The viral RNA molecules of some members of this genus contain four hair-pin structures and a pseudoknot in the 3'UTR. [4] These secondary structures have been found to be important in viral RNA replication. [5]

Life cycle

Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by penetration into the host cell. Replication follows the positive stranded RNA virus replication model. Positive stranded rna virus transcription is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by tubule-guided viral movement. Plants serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are mechanical. [1] [3]

GenusHost detailsTissue tropismEntry detailsRelease detailsReplication siteAssembly siteTransmission
ClosterovirusPlantsNoneViral movement; mechanical inoculationViral movementCytoplasmCytoplasmMechanical inoculation: insects

Structure

Viruses in Closterovirus are non-enveloped, with flexuous and filamentous geometries. The diameter is around 10-13 nm, with a length of 1250-2200 nm. Genomes are linear, around 19.3kb in length. [1] [3]

GenusStructureSymmetryCapsidGenomic arrangementGenomic segmentation
ClosterovirusFilamentousNon-envelopedLinearMonopartite

Related Research Articles

<i>Closteroviridae</i> Family of viruses

Closteroviridae is a family of viruses. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are four genera and 59 species in this family, seven of which are unassigned to a genus. Diseases associated with this family include: yellowing and necrosis, particularly affecting the phloem.

Sequivirus is a genus of viruses in the order Picornavirales, in the family Secoviridae. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are three species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: PYFV: vein-yellowing, yellow flecks and yellow/green mosaic symptoms in parsnip, and ‘yellow net', followed by yellow spots and leaf distortion in celery.

<i>Tymoviridae</i> Family of viruses

Tymoviridae is a family of single-stranded positive sense RNA viruses in the order Tymovirales. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are 42 species in this family, assigned to three genera, with two species unassigned to a genus.

<i>Crinivirus</i> Genus of viruses

Crinivirus, formerly the lettuce infectious yellows virus group, is a genus of viruses, in the family Closteroviridae. They are linear, single-stranded positive sense RNA viruses. There are 14 species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: yellowing and necrosis, particularly affecting the phloem.

<i>Nepovirus</i> Genus of viruses

Nepovirus is a genus of viruses in the order Picornavirales, in the family Secoviridae, in the subfamily Comovirinae. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are 40 species in this genus. Nepoviruses, unlike the other two genera in the subfamily Comovirinae, are transmitted by nematodes.

<i>Benyvirus</i> Genus of viruses

Benyvirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Benyviridae. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are four species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: BNYVV: rhizomania.

Sadwavirus is a genus of viruses in the order Picornavirales, in the family Secoviridae. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are three subgenera and five species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: satsuma dwarf virus disease which causes spoon-shaped leaves on citrus tree. Symptoms are enations, multiple flushing, stunting or dwarfing, reduction in number and size of leaves and fruits. The name of this genus comes from one of its species: Satsuma dwarf virus.

<i>Potexvirus</i> Genus of viruses

Potexvirus is a genus of pathogenic viruses in the order Tymovirales, in the family Alphaflexiviridae. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are 48 species in this genus, three of which are assigned to a subgenus. Diseases associated with this genus include: mosaic and ringspot symptoms. The genus name comes from POTato virus X).

<i>Trichovirus</i> Genus of viruses

Trichovirus is a genus of viruses in the order Tymovirales, in the family Betaflexiviridae. Plants, specifically angiosperms such as pome fruits, citrus, and pear, serve as natural hosts for this plant pathogen. There are seven species in this genus.

Cilevirus is a genus of viruses in the family Kitaviridae. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are two species: Citrus leprosis virus C and Citrus leprosis virus C2.

Ampelovirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Closteroviridae. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are 13 species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: yellowing and necrosis, particularly affecting the phloem.

<i>Bromovirus</i> Genus of viruses

Bromovirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Bromoviridae. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are six species in this genus.

Capillovirus is a genus of viruses in the order Tymovirales, in the family Betaflexiviridae. Plants, pome fruits, citrus, and pear serve as natural hosts. There are four species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: abnormal graft union, possibly black necrotic leaf spot disease.

Mandarivirus is a subgenus of viruses in the order Tymovirales, family Alphaflexiviridae, genus Potexvirus. There are three species in this subgenus. Diseases associated with this subgenus commonly include yellow ringspot and rapid decline of the tree.

Marafivirus is a genus of viruses in the order Tymovirales, in the family Tymoviridae. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are 11 species in this genus.

Polerovirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Solemoviridae. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are 26 species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: PLRV causes prominent rolling of the leaves of potato and a stiff upright habit of the plants; necrosis of the phloem and accumulation of carbohydrates in the leaves.

Torradovirus is a genus of viruses in the order Picornavirales, in the family Secoviridae. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are six species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: torrado disease: severe necrosis of leaves and fruits.

Gallantivirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Tombusviridae. Plants serve as natural hosts. There is only one species in this genus: Galinsoga mosaic virus. Diseases associated with this genus include: chlorotic or necrotic local lesions, systemic mosaic; leaf malformation.

Velarivirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Closteroviridae. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are eight species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: GLRaV-7: symptomless in white-berried grapevine cultivar from Albania.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "ICTV Report Closteroviridae".
  2. 1 2 "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). March 2021. Retrieved 14 May 2021.
  3. 1 2 3 "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
  4. ↑ Livieratos IC, Eliasco E, Müller G, et al. (July 2004). "Analysis of the RNA of Potato yellow vein virus: evidence for a tripartite genome and conserved 3'-terminal structures among members of the genus Crinivirus". J. Gen. Virol. 85 (Pt 7): 2065–75. doi: 10.1099/vir.0.79910-0 . hdl: 1887/3629824 . PMID   15218192.
  5. ↑ Satyanarayana T, Gowda S, Ayllón MA, Albiach-Martí MR, Dawson WO (August 2002). "Mutational analysis of the replication signals in the 3'-nontranslated region of citrus tristeza virus". Virology. 300 (1): 140–52. doi: 10.1006/viro.2002.1550 . PMID   12202214.
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