Fructosamine-3-kinase

FN3K
Identifiers
Aliases	FN3K , fructosamine 3 kinase
External IDs	OMIM: 608425 MGI: 1926834 HomoloGene: 23336 GeneCards: FN3K
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 17 (human)
End	82,751,196 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 11 (mouse)
End	121,341,317 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	sural nerve; ; prefrontal cortex; ; right lobe of liver; ; anterior pituitary; ; Brodmann area 9; ; left ventricle; ; body of stomach; ; nucleus accumbens; ; body of pancreas; ; caudate nucleus;
	Top expressed in
	interventricular septum; ; facial motor nucleus; ; anterior horn of spinal cord; ; medial vestibular nucleus; ; inferior colliculus; ; medial dorsal nucleus; ; superior frontal gyrus; ; medial geniculate nucleus; ; visual cortex; ; motor neuron;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	transferase activity ; kinase activity ;
Cellular component	cytosol ; cellular component ;
Biological process	post-translational protein modification ; epithelial cell differentiation ; fructoselysine metabolic process ; phosphorylation ; fructosamine metabolic process ;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	64122
	63828
	ENSG00000167363
	ENSMUSG00000025175
	Q9H479
	Q9ER35
	NM_022158
	NM_001038699 ; NM_022014
	NP_071441
	NP_001033788 ; NP_071297
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Last updated October 12, 2022

Fructosamine-3-kinase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the FN3K gene.^[5]^[6]^[7]

Function

FN3K catalyzes phosphorylation of fructosamines formed by glycation, the nonenzymatic reaction of glucose with primary amines followed by Amadori rearrangement. Phosphorylation of fructosamines may initiate metabolism of the modified amine and result in deglycation of glycated proteins.^[7]^[8]

FN3K is responsible for the formation of fructose 3-phosphate (F3P), a compound identified in the lenses of diabetic rats. The spontaneous decomposition of F3P leads to the formation of 3-deoxyglucosone (3DG). 3DG contributes to diabetic complications. Treatment of normal and diabetic rats with an inhibitor of FN3K demonstrated a large reduction (~50%) in systemic 3DG in both groups. Removal of 3DG at its source by inhibition of FN3K is a viable option to treat diabetes related diseases since it would require a much smaller dose of drug.

Related Research Articles

Fructosamines are compounds that result from glycation reactions between a sugar and a primary amine, followed by isomerization via the Amadori rearrangement. Biologically, fructosamines are recognized by fructosamine-3-kinase, which may trigger the degradation of advanced glycation end-products. Fructosamine can also refer to the specific compound 1-amino-1-deoxy-D-fructose (isoglucosamine), first synthesized by Nobel laureate Hermann Emil Fischer in 1886.

Mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the UCP2 gene.

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Ketosamine-3-kinase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the FN3KRP (fructosamine-3-kinase-related-protein) gene.

Dual specificity protein phosphatase 12 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DUSP12 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">3-Deoxyglucosone</span> Chemical compound

3-Deoxyglucosone (3DG) is a sugar that is notable because it is a marker for diabetes. 3DG reacts with protein to form advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), which contribute to diseases such as the vascular complications of diabetes, atherosclerosis, hypertension, Alzheimer's disease, inflammation, and aging.

In molecular biology the fructosamine kinase family is a family of enzymes. This family includes eukaryotic fructosamine-3-kinase enzymes which may initiate a process leading to the deglycation of fructoselysine and of glycated proteins and in the phosphorylation of 1-deoxy-1-morpholinofructose, fructoselysine, fructoseglycine, fructose and glycated lysozyme. The family also includes ketosamine-3-kinases (KT3K). Ketosamines derive from a non-enzymatic reaction between a sugar and a protein. Ketosamine-3-kinases (KT3K) catalyse the phosphorylation of the ketosamine moiety of glycated proteins. The instability of a phosphorylated ketosamine leads to its degradation, and KT3K is thus thought to be involved in protein repair.

Mitogen-activated protein kinase 12, also known as extracellular signal-regulated kinase 6 (ERK6) or stress-activated protein kinase 3 (SAPK3), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAPK12 gene.

Mitogen-activated protein kinase 13, also known as stress-activated protein kinase 4 (SAPK4), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAPK13 gene.

Protein-fructosamine 3-kinase (EC 2.7.1.171, FN3K, fructosamine 3-kinase) is an enzyme with systematic name ATP:(protein)-N⁶-D-fructosyl-L-lysine 3-phosphotransferase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

Protein-ribulosamine 3-kinase (EC 2.7.1.172, FN3KRP, FN3K-related protein, FN3K-RP, ketosamine 3-kinase 2, fructosamine-3-kinase-related protein, ribulosamine/erythrulosamine 3-kinase, ribulosamine 3-kinase) is an enzyme with systematic name ATP:(protein)-N6-D-ribulosyl-L-lysine 3-phosphotransferase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

References

1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000167363 - Ensembl, May 2017
1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000025175 - Ensembl, May 2017
↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ Szwergold BS, Howell S, Beisswenger PJ (Aug 2001). "Human fructosamine-3-kinase: purification, sequencing, substrate specificity, and evidence of activity in vivo". Diabetes. 50 (9): 2139–47. doi: 10.2337/diabetes.50.9.2139 . PMID 11522682.
↑ Delpierre G, Van Schaftingen E (Dec 2003). "Fructosamine 3-kinase, an enzyme involved in protein deglycation". Biochem Soc Trans. 31 (Pt 6): 1354–7. doi:10.1042/BST0311354. PMID 14641062.
1 2 "Entrez Gene: FN3K fructosamine 3 kinase".
↑ Delpierre G, Collard F, Fortpied J, Van Schaftingen E (August 2002). "Fructosamine 3-kinase is involved in an intracellular deglycation pathway in human erythrocytes". Biochem. J. 365 (Pt 3): 801–8. doi:10.1042/BJ20020325. PMC 1222720 . PMID 11975663.

v t e Enzymes
Activity	Active site Binding site Catalytic triad Oxyanion hole Enzyme promiscuity Diffusion-limited enzyme Coenzyme Cofactor Enzyme catalysis
Regulation	Allosteric regulation Cooperativity Enzyme inhibitor Enzyme activator
Classification	EC number Enzyme superfamily Enzyme family List of enzymes
Kinetics	Enzyme kinetics Eadie–Hofstee diagram Hanes–Woolf plot Lineweaver–Burk plot Michaelis–Menten kinetics
Types	EC1 Oxidoreductases (list) EC2 Transferases (list) EC3 Hydrolases (list) EC4 Lyases (list) EC5 Isomerases (list) EC6 Ligases (list) EC7 Translocases (list)

Fructosamine-3-kinase

Contents

Function

Related Research Articles

References

Further reading

See also