Howard Ahmanson Jr.

Last updated

Howard F. Ahmanson Jr.
Howard PRimage.jpg
Ahmanson Jr. in 2016
Born (1950-02-03) February 3, 1950 (age 74)
Alma mater Occidental College (BA)
University of Texas at Arlington (MA)
Occupation(s)Heir, financier
Spouse
Roberta Green Ahmanson
(m. 1986)
ChildrenDavid Ahmanson
Parent(s) Howard F. Ahmanson Sr.
Dorothy Johnston Grannis
Relatives Caroline Leonetti Ahmanson (stepmother)
Robert H. Ahmanson (cousin)
William H. Ahmanson (cousin)

Howard Fieldstad Ahmanson Jr. (born February 3, 1950) is an American writer and Christian activist. He is the son of Howard F. Ahmanson Sr., the founder of Home Savings Bank. He writes on issues including housing affordability, land use, the abuse of eminent domain, and the rule of law.

Contents

Biography

Early life

Ahmanson was born on February 3, 1950. He is the son of Dorothy Johnston Grannis and the American financier Howard F. Ahmanson Sr. (1906–1968). [1] He has Tourette syndrome. [2] [3] His father was a prominent businessman in the savings and loan industry; Howard Sr. founded H.F. Ahmanson & Co., which thrived in the Great Depression [4] and ultimately expanded throughout California [5] and into New York state, [6] Arizona [7] and Florida. [8] His father was well known for his support of the arts, an area in which Ahmanson Jr. has continued to be active. [9]

His parents divorced when he was ten years old. [1] Despite the trappings of wealth, Howard Jr. was a lonely child. He has said, "I resented my family background, [my father] could never be a role model, whether by habits or his lifestyle, it was never anything I wanted." [10] His father died when he was eighteen, and Ahmanson Jr. inherited his father's fortune. [11]

He attended Occidental College, where he obtained a degree in economics. [2] He then toured Europe, but returned because of complications with arthritis. [2] He earned a master's degree in linguistics at the University of Texas at Arlington, where he learned to speak German, French, and Japanese fluently. [2]

In 1986, Howard married journalist Roberta Green. [12]

Monetary contributions

Organizations and projects

Fieldstead and Company, Howard and Roberta Ahmanson's personal office, has a steady history of contributing parts of his father's inherited fortune to a plethora of organizations and initiatives. [11] It is stated that the mission of Fieldstead and Company is to "make the world more like ... a place where there is no darkness, no sickness, no hunger or thirst, no slavery, no prisoners, no tears, no death". [13] The following is a list of organizations to which the Ahmansons have contributed significant amounts in the past:

Association of orthodox Episcopal churches, led by Rev. Canon David Anderson. [14]
Roberta Ahmanson graduated from Calvin College in 1972. [14]
By way of Fieldstead & Company, Ahmanson Jr. sponsors series of conferences and events predominantly focused on matters such as housing policy and urbanism, all held at Chapman University’s Wilkinson College for Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences. [15] [16] [17] [18]
Think tank seeking "to restore the principles of the American Founding to their rightful, preeminent authority in our national life." [14] [19]
Howard Ahmanson Jr. served on the board of directors for the Center for Science and Culture , a proponent for the intelligent design movement. [14] [20]
Founders of a team that published 28 volumes of the "Ancient Christian Commentary on Scripture." [14]
Think tank that view domestic and foreign policy issues from a Judeo-Christian point of view. [14]
Evangelical-based relief organization with annual budget of about $76 million and programs in 37 countries in the developing world. [14]
The contribution funds a museum in the town of Perry, Iowa, in which Roberta Ahmanson grew up. [14] [21]
Private school in Costa Mesa with about 650 students in preschool to eighth grade. [14]
A K-12 Classical Education public charter school. [24]
The Orange County Rescue Mission provides housing, support, and treatment, for people struggling with poverty and drug addiction. [25]
Similar to his programs at Chapman University, Ahmanson Jr. sponsors events and conferences on the topics of urbanism and affordable housing at Pepperdine's School of Public Policy. [26] [27]
Formerly "St. James Episcopal Church", the Ahmansons have attended the "evangelical church with charismatic roots." [14]
Evangelical Christian missionary group working in Central and Eastern Europe. [22] [28]
Ahmanson Jr. has made several contributions to Strong Towns, a think tank and community that encourages Americans and Canadians, alike, to rethink the way municipal infrastructure is developed and sustained in their respective communities. [29]
Fieldstead & Company has supported Voice of OC, a startup nonprofit newsroom founded by Norberto Santana, Jr. to cover events in Orange County. [30]

Howard has previously served as a board member for both the John & Vera Mae Perkins Foundation and the Claremont Institute. Ahmanson is a major supporter of the Discovery Institute, whose Center for Science and Culture supports ideas centered around intelligent design. [31] [32] Through Fieldstead, Ahmanson's wife Roberta, a former religion reporter and editor for the Orange County Register , [33] has funded and been directly involved with some programs of the Council for Christian Colleges and Universities, including the Washington Journalism Center that encompasses both the Summer Institute of Journalism, and the Fieldstead Journalism Lectures. [34] Fieldstead has funded other Christian journalistic projects such as Gegrapha [35] and GetReligion. A common thread in all of these organizations is Terry Mattingly, a personal friend of Roberta Ahmanson, who directs the Washington Journalism Center at the Council for Christian Colleges and Universities, teaches journalism, and writes a weekly column for the Scripps-Howard News Service. Roberta Ahmanson recently co-edited a book called Blind Spot. [36] [37] Howard and Roberta are also supporters of The Media Project, an organization that "educates journalists on the importance of religion" and its digital magazine, Religion Unplugged. [38] The Ahmansons have also supported the creation of the 29-volume Ancient Christian Commentary on Scripture, published by InterVarsity Press. [39]

Social advocacy and political involvement

Ahmanson was a major advocate for the abolition of California redevelopment agencies, especially concerned about what he viewed as the widespread abuse of eminent domain and public subsidies. He financed the publication "Redevelopment: The Unknown Government" and the formation of Municipal Officials for Redevelopment Reform (MORR), alongside Chris Norby, California legislator and former mayor of Fullerton, California, in 1995. [40] Norby later served in the California State Assembly when redevelopment agencies were abolished in 2011 and MORR was disbanded, having succeeded in its sole purpose. [41]

Ahmanson was a registered Republican until 2008; Ahmanson, worried about the narrowing focus of the California Republican Party on lowering taxes, announced that he switched parties and was a registered Democrat from 2008 to 2018. [42] Finding fault with both parties, he is now officially registered as a "No Party Preference" (NPP) voter (formerly referred to as a decline-to-state voter by the state of California). [43] [44] In the 2020 presidential election Ahmanson voted for and endorsed Brian Carroll of the American Solidarity Party. [45]

Until March 2023, Ahmanson was the sole funder of Rod Dreher's employment writing for The American Conservative . He reportedly pulled the funding, which provided Dreher a six-figure salary, after reading an article describing in detail Dreher's experience of having seen a black elementary-school classmate's uncircumcised penis, calling it a "primitive root weiner". Ahmanson was reported saying of the article, "This is too weird", and “I don’t want to read this or pay for this anymore.” [46]

Time magazine included the Ahmansons in their 2005 profiles of the 25 Most Influential Evangelicals in America, classifying them as "the financiers." [47] In the 1970s, Howard became a board member of the Chalcedon Foundation and served until 1996. In 1996, he said he had left the Chalcedon board due to the fact that he "did not embrace" all of the teachings held by its leadership. [48] [49]

In 2004, the Orange County Register wrote a five-part profile of the Ahmansons. [14]

Holding a strong interest and passion in the activity of standup paddleboarding, Ahmanson Jr. has assumed a role of activism alongside FreeSUP SoCal in opposition to a particular determination made by the United States Coast Guard (USCG) that has been used to require operators of standup paddleboards to wear a personal flotation device (PFD). FreeSUP SoCal maintains that a leash is the more common and frequently most effective safety equipment, as evidenced by its widespread usage and the sport's significantly diminished mortality rate compared to other water sports. In 2014, the organization that would come to be known as FreeSup SoCal and which receives funding by Ahmanson, offered a formal, public comment to the USCG that explained how the PFD determination which was intended to promote safety for standup paddleboarders sorely lacked data justifying the determination, and that making determinations without the necessary data could have the opposite effect of putting paddleboarders in peril. [50] [51] [52] [53]

Arts and humanities

Claude Monet "View of Vetheuil", Owned by Ahmanson before he donated to LACMA Claude Monet - View of Vetheuil - Google Art Project.jpg
Claude Monet "View of Vétheuil", Owned by Ahmanson before he donated to LACMA

Organizations

Howard has made numerous contributions and offered support for art initiatives across Los Angeles and Orange County. The following is a collection of organizations and projects in the arts & humanities that have benefited from the support of Howard Ahmanson, Jr.

Howard's charitable contributions have supported the arts community, namely the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, with his donation of View of Vétheuil, a work by the French Claude Monet, Scene of Judgement, by the Italian Marco Zoppo, and works by Auguste Rodin. [62] [63]

Bridge Projects

Bridge Projects is an LA-based art gallery that consists of a community of artists, scholars, and collectors who are inspired by art history, spirituality, living religious traditions, and contemporary art practices. Roberta, wife of Ahmanson and current chair of Bridge Projects, founded the gallery and community with LA-based artist, Linnea Spransy, back in 2017. [54] While Howard played a supportive role in bringing this project to fruition, Roberta spearheaded the vision for Bridge Projects, which has featured a number of progressive art installations, such as:

Personal life

Ahmanson lives with Tourette syndrome. [67] His primary residence is in Newport Beach, CA. [68]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Orange County, California</span> County in California, United States

Orange County, often known by its initials O.C., is a county located in the Los Angeles metropolitan area in Southern California, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population was 3,186,989, making it the third-most-populous county in California, the sixth-most-populous in the United States, and more populous than 19 American states and Washington, D.C. Although largely suburban, it is the second-most-densely-populated county in the state behind San Francisco County. The county's three most-populous cities are Anaheim, Santa Ana, and Irvine, each of which has a population exceeding 300,000. Santa Ana is also the county seat. Six cities in Orange County are on the Pacific coast: Seal Beach, Huntington Beach, Newport Beach, Laguna Beach, Dana Point, and San Clemente.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pepperdine University</span> Christian university in Los Angeles County, California

Pepperdine University is a private research university affiliated with the Churches of Christ with its main campus in Los Angeles County, California. Pepperdine's main campus consists of 830 acres overlooking the Pacific Ocean and the Pacific Coast Highway near Malibu, California. Founded by entrepreneur George Pepperdine in South Los Angeles in 1937, the school expanded to Malibu in 1972. Courses are now taught at a main Malibu campus, three graduate campuses in Southern California, a center in Washington, D.C., and international campuses in Buenos Aires, Argentina; London, United Kingdom; Heidelberg, Germany; Florence, Italy; and Blonay – Saint-Légier, Switzerland.

Donald Leroy Bren is an American billionaire businessman. He is the chairman and owner of the Irvine Company, a U.S. real estate development corporation. With a net worth of $16.2 billion, he ranks number 112 on the 2022 Forbes Billionaires List.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Institute on Religion and Democracy</span> American think tank

The Institute on Religion and Democracy (IRD) is an American Christian conservative think tank that promotes its views among mainline Protestant churches, as well as advocating for its values in the public square. Its critics claim that it has been instrumental in attacking mainline Protestant denominations in the United States including the United Methodist Church.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Center for Science and Culture</span> Part of the Discovery Institute

The Center for Science and Culture (CSC), formerly known as the Center for the Renewal of Science and Culture (CRSC), is part of the Discovery Institute (DI), a conservative Christian think tank in the United States. The CSC lobbies for the inclusion of creationism in the form of intelligent design (ID) in public-school science curricula as an explanation for the origins of life and the universe while trying to cast doubt on the theory of evolution. These positions have been rejected by the scientific community, which identifies intelligent design as pseudoscientific neo-creationism, whereas the theory of evolution is overwhelmingly accepted as a matter of scientific consensus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chapman University</span> Private university in Orange, California

Chapman University is a private research university in Orange, California. It encompasses eleven schools and colleges and is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity". While the school maintains affiliations with the Christian Church and the United Church of Christ, it is not a Christian college.

Howard Fieldstad Ahmanson Sr. was an American businessman and philanthropist. He was the founder of an insurance and savings and loan association, H.F. Ahmanson & Co. He made his fortune during the Great Depression selling fire insurance for property under foreclosure. He also bought real estate and invested in oil.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Todd Spitzer</span> American politician and lawyer

Todd Spitzer is an American attorney and politician serving as the district attorney of Orange County, California. Spitzer successfully ran for Orange County district attorney in 2018 against incumbent Tony Rackauckas. Spitzer had previously served as a deputy district attorney from 1990 to 1996 and, under Rackauckas, as assistant district attorney from 2008 to 2010.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">W. M. Keck Foundation</span> American charitable foundation

The W. M. Keck Foundation is an American charitable foundation supporting scientific, engineering, and medical research in the United States. It was founded in 1954 by William Myron Keck, founder and president of Superior Oil Company. The Foundation's net assets exceeded $1.3 billion at the end of 2019.

The Chalcedon Foundation is an American Christian Reconstructionist organization founded by Rousas John Rushdoony in 1965. Named for the Council of Chalcedon, it has also included theologians such as Gary North, who later founded his own organization, the Institute for Christian Economics.

Muzammil H. Siddiqi is an Indian-American Muslim writer who has been on the faculty of Chapman University.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Michelle Steel</span> American politician (born 1955)

Michelle Eunjoo Steel is an American politician serving as the U.S. representative for California's 45th congressional district since 2023, previously representing the 48th congressional district from 2021 to 2023. A member of the Republican Party, she concurrently served as a member of House Minority Whip Steve Scalise's Whip Team for the 117th Congress.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Marvin Meyer</span> American scholar of religion (1948–2012)

Marvin W. Meyer was a scholar of religion and a tenured professor at Chapman University, in Orange, California.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Paddleboarding</span> Water sport

Paddleboarding is a water sport in which participants are propelled by a swimming motion using their arms while lying or kneeling on a paddleboard or surfboard in the ocean or other body of water. Paddleboarding is usually performed in the open ocean, with the participant paddling and surfing unbroken swells to cross between islands or journey from one coastal area to another.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Terry Mattingly</span> American journalist and writer

Terry L. Mattingly is a journalist, author, and professor. As columnist for the Scripps Howard News Service, Mattingly has written "On Religion", a nationally syndicated column, since the summer of 1988. Mattingly also runs a well-known religious journalism blog, GetReligion.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chris Norby</span> American politician

Chris Norby is an American politician and educator. He served on the Fullerton City Council (1984–2002) including three years as mayor, on the Orange County Board of Supervisors (2003–2010), on the California State Assembly (2010–2012).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kevin Kwan Loucks</span> American musician

Kevin Kwan Loucks is a Korean–American classical pianist, arts entrepreneur, and nonprofit executive. In September 2021, he was appointed Chief Executive Officer of Chamber Music America in New York City. He previously served as Director of Business Development and Strategic Partnerships at the Philharmonic Society of Orange County, a presenting organization in residence at the Segerstrom Center for the Arts in Costa Mesa, CA, and also served as Director of Innovation and Program Development at Music Academy of the West in Montecito, California. He co-founded Chamber Music | OC, an arts organization headquartered in Lake Forest, California, and is a founding member and current pianist of the award-winning piano trio, Trio Céleste.

Robert H. Ahmanson was an American businessman and philanthropist from Los Angeles, California. He was a corporate director of H.F. Ahmanson & Co. and served as the President of The Ahmanson Foundation from 1974 to 2007.

The OC Streetcar is a modern streetcar line currently under construction in Orange County, California, running through the cities of Santa Ana and Garden Grove. The electric-powered streetcar will be operated by the Orange County Transportation Authority (OCTA), and will serve ten stops in each direction along its 4.15-mile (6.68 km) route. With the exception of a short loop in downtown Santa Ana, the line will be double-tracked for its entire length. Most of the route follows the original path of the Pacific Electric Railway "Red Cars" that served Santa Ana in the early 20th century, before being abandoned in 1950. Construction on the streetcar broke ground on November 30, 2018. As of October 2023, the line's expected revenue service date has been pushed to August 2025, per OCTA staff, despite initial plans for a 2021 start.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Doug Chaffee (politician)</span> American politician

Douglas B. Chaffee is an American politician and retired attorney serving as a member & former Chair of the Orange County Board of Supervisors from the 4th district. Elected in November 2018, he assumed office on January 7, 2019. He previously served as a Fullerton City Councilmember. In December of 2017 he was selected to serve as Mayor Pro Tem of Fullerton and the following year he was selected as Mayor of Fullerton

References

  1. 1 2 Larsen, Peter. "Burden of Wealth" Orange County Register. August 8, 2004. See also, Eric John Abrahamson, Building Home: Howard F. Ahmanson and the Politics of the American Dream (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2013)
  2. 1 2 3 4 Blumenthal, Max (January 6, 2004). "Avenging angel of the religious right". Salon . Retrieved December 26, 2019.
  3. "Howard Ahmanson and Roberta Ahmanson Bio". Fieldstead & Company. Retrieved August 28, 2020.
  4. "Howard F. Ahmanson, 61, Dies; One of Nation's Wealthiest Men: Led Home Savings & Loan in Los Angeles – Fortune Estimated at $300-Million" . The New York Times . June 18, 1968. p. 47. Alternate Link (subscription required) via ProQuest.
  5. Johnson, Greg (January 23, 1991). "Home Savings to Buy Coast's S.D. Branches". Los Angeles Times .
  6. "Home Savings in Acquisition Washington, Aug. 12". The New York Times . August 13, 1984.
  7. "H. F. Ahmanson agreed to buy an S&L in Arizona". Los Angeles Times . April 29, 1987.
  8. "Banking". Fort Lauderdale Sun Sentinel . February 12, 1997.
  9. Friedlander, Whitney (March 15, 2013). "WHO WAS HOWARD AHMANSON SR. AND HOW DID HE CHANGE L.A.? A NEW BOOK TRIES TO ANSWER". LA Weekly. Retrieved March 23, 2020.
  10. Haas, Jane Glenn. "The Salvation of H.F. Ahmanson Jr." Orange County Register. 1985.
  11. 1 2 Doward, Jamie. Anti-gay millionaire bankrolls Caravaggio spectacular. The Observer. March 6, 2005.
  12. "About Howard". Howard Ahmanson Jr. Howard Ahmanson. Retrieved February 26, 2020.
  13. "Giving". Fieldstead and Company. Retrieved February 19, 2020.
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Larsen, Peter (August 9, 2004). "Rich in Faith Part Two". OC Register.
  15. "The City of Bell Scandal Revisited". Chapman University Wilkinson College of Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences. Chapman University. Retrieved October 29, 2020.
  16. "REIMAGINING LOCAL GOVERNMENT: STRENGTHENING DEMOCRACY IN OUR COMMUNITIES". Chapman University Digital Commons. Retrieved October 29, 2020.
  17. "4th Annual Local Government Conference: Will California Ever Figure Out How to House Itself?". Chapman University Wilkinson College. Chapman University. Retrieved October 29, 2020.
  18. "The Future of Transportation: 5th Annual Public Policy Conference". Chapman University Wilkinson College. Chapman University. Retrieved October 29, 2020.
  19. "Mission". Claremont Institution. Retrieved June 17, 2020.
  20. "Board of Directors". Discovery Institute. Retrieved June 17, 2020.
  21. "Fullhart Carnegie Charitable Trust". Hometown Heritage. Dallas County Foundation.
  22. 1 2 Larsen, Peter. "Giving generously to their causes". Orange County Register. Archived from the original on May 12, 2009.
  23. National Sexual Violence Resource Center
  24. "Homepage". Orange County Classical Academy. Retrieved December 30, 2020.
  25. Scheller, Christine A. (January 19, 2011). "Connoisseur for Christ: Roberta Green Ahmanson". Christianity Today. Retrieved October 29, 2020.
  26. Coghlan, Ed (March 28, 2019). "Clash between housing affordability, preserving neighborhoods in spotlight at Pepperdine". California Economic Summit. Retrieved October 29, 2020.
  27. "A Home in California: Are Our Communities Sustainable?". Pepperdine School of Public Policy. Pepperdine University. Retrieved October 29, 2020.
  28. "CityGate Homepage". CityGate. Retrieved December 23, 2020.
  29. "Speakers for the Regional Gathering". Strong Towns. November 20, 2019. Retrieved October 29, 2020.
  30. Santana Jr., Noberto (June 3, 2019). "Santana: Voice of OC is Ten Years Old Today". Voice of OC. Retrieved October 29, 2020.
  31. "Discovery Institute-Board Members". Discovery Institute. Retrieved February 14, 2020.
  32. Wilgoren, Jodi (August 21, 2005). "Politicized Scholars Put Evolution on the Defensive". The New York Times . Retrieved June 24, 2010.
  33. "Howard & Roberta Ahmanson". Fieldstead & Company.
  34. Washington Journalism Center Archived June 14, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
  35. Gegrapha
  36. Marshall, Paul A.; Gilbert, Lela; & Green-Ahmanson, Roberta (eds.). (2009). Blind spot: When journalists don’t get religion. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN   0195374371
  37. Buddenbaum, Judith M. (2010). "Blind Spot: When Journalists Don't get Religion". Journal of Media and Religion. 9: 47–51. doi:10.1080/15348420903536844. S2CID   143471762.
  38. "Staff & Board". The Media Project. Retrieved September 15, 2020.
  39. 1 2 Levenick, Christopher (Spring 2012). "Ex Libris Philanthropy". Philanthropy. Retrieved June 6, 2012.
  40. Norby, Chris; Curtis, Sherry; Gilson, Ruth; Heinl, Jean; Kaplan, Douglas; Shaffer, Dr. Ralph; Sutton, Christopher. "Sutton". Redevelopment: The Unknown Government. Municipal Officials for Redevelopment Reform. Retrieved February 24, 2020.
  41. Greenhut, Steven (March 23, 2009). "Howard Ahmanson Becomes Democrate". Orange County Register. OC Register. Retrieved February 21, 2020.
  42. Ahmanson, Jr., Howard (July 4, 2018). "I Became a "Decline to State"". Howard Ahmanson Jr. Retrieved August 15, 2020.
  43. Padilla, Alex. "No Party Preference Information". California Secretary of State. State of California. Retrieved September 29, 2020.
  44. Ahmanson, Howard (October 27, 2020). "The American Conservative 2020 Presidential Symposium". The American Conservative. Retrieved October 27, 2020.
  45. Greenhut, Steven (March 10, 2023). "Howard Ahmanson Becomes Democrate". Vanity Fair. Retrieved March 11, 2023.
  46. "25 Most Influential Evangelicals in America". Time. Wayback Machine. Archived from the original on February 9, 2005. Retrieved March 31, 2020.
  47. Reason, Nov. 1998 Archived May 31, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
  48. Flank, Lenny (2007). Deception by Design: The Intelligent Design Movement in America. St. Petersburg, FL: Red and Black Publishers. p. 52. ISBN   978-0-9791813-0-6 . Retrieved January 11, 2011.
  49. Hoedt, Jeffrey. "Legal Determination on Vessel Status of Paddleboard" (PDF). United States Coast Guard. Retrieved December 1, 2020.
  50. Douglas, S. "PFD Laws – SUP or Paddleboards Now Classified as Vessels". World Padde Association. WPA. Retrieved December 1, 2020.
  51. Azadian, James. "Comment in Response to Docket No. USCG-2010-0164, Department of Homeland Security" (PDF). Enterprise Counsel Group. ECG. Retrieved December 1, 2020.
  52. "Who We Are - FreeSUP". FreeSUP. Retrieved December 30, 2020.
  53. 1 2 "Bridge Projects". bridgeprojects.com. Retrieved January 29, 2020.
  54. Richard, Paul. "STANLEY SPENCER'S GLOBAL VILLAGE". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 7, 2020.
  55. "STANLEY SPENCER: AN ENGLISH VISION". Smithsonian. Retrieved February 7, 2020.
  56. "The Sacred Made Real". The National Gallery of London. Retrieved February 7, 2020.
  57. Smith, Samuel. "New 'Visual Commentary on Scripture' website offers new way to study the Bible". The Christian Examiner. Christian Examiner. Retrieved February 16, 2020.
  58. "Caravaggio: The Final Years at The National Gallery". Art Daily. Retrieved February 7, 2020.
  59. 1 2 "Howard Ahmanson-Board Member". Discovery Institute. Retrieved February 14, 2020.
  60. "Howard Ahmanson-Board Member". Discovery Institute. Retrieved February 14, 2020.
  61. "View of Vétheuil". LACMA. Retrieved August 15, 2020.
  62. "Scene of Judgement, from a cassone panel, Shooting at Father's Corpse". LACMA. Retrieved August 15, 2020.
  63. Molina, Alejandra. "In this art gallery, conversations about religion and spirituality are welcome". The Oakland Press. Retrieved January 29, 2020.
  64. Elaine, James. "A Composite Leviathan". Bridge Projects.
  65. "To Bough and To Bend". Bridge Projects. Retrieved January 15, 2021.
  66. Doward, J. Anti-gay millionaire bankrolls Caravaggio spectacular. The Observer. March 6, 2005.
  67. "Mega-mansion debuts in Newport Beach". Orange County Register. January 13, 2010. Retrieved May 26, 2018.