A number of units of measurement were used in Indonesia to measure length, mass, capacity, etc. Metric system adopted in 1923 and has been compulsory in Indonesia since 1938. [1]
Old Dutch and local measures were used under Dutch East Indies. Local measures were very variable, and later they have been legally defined with their metric equivalents. [2]
A number of units were used to measure length. One depa was equal to 1.70 m by its legal definition. [2] [1] Some other units and their legal equivalents are given below:
1 hasta = 1⁄4 depa
A number of units were used to measure mass.
One pikol (or one pecul) was equal to 61.7613025 kg by its legal definition. [2] Some other units and their legal equivalents are given below:
1 thail = 1⁄1600 pikol
1 catti = 1⁄100 pikol
1 kabi = 1⁄100 pikol
1 kulack = 0.0725 pikol
1 amat = 2 pikol
1 small bahar = 3 pikol
1 large bahar = 4.5 pikol
1 timbang = 5 pikol
1 kojang (Batavia) = 27 pikol = 1667.555 kg
1 kojang (Semarang) = 28 pikol = 1729.316 kg
1 kojang (Soerabaya) = 30 pikol = 1852.839 kg. [2]
One thail was equal to 54.090 kg by its legal definition. [2] Some other units and their legal equivalents are given below:
1 wang = 1⁄48 thail
1 tali = 1⁄16 thail
1 soekoe = 1⁄8 thail
1 reaal = 1⁄2 thail. [2]
One thail was equal to 38.601 kg by its legal definition. [2] Some other units and their legal equivalents are given below:
1 tji = 1⁄10 thail
1 tjembang Mata = 1⁄1000 thail
1 hoen = 1⁄1000 thail. [2]
Several units were used to measure area. One bahoe (or 1 bouw) was equal to 7096.5 m2 and lieue2 (Geographic) was equal to 55.0632 km by its legal definition. [2]
Two systems, dry and liquid, were used to measure capacity.
Several units were used to measure dry capacity. One kojang was equal to 2011.2679 L by its legal definition. [2] One pikol was equal to 1⁄30 kojang. [2]
A number of units were used to measure liquid capacity. Some other units and their legal equivalents are given below:
1 takar (for oil) = 25.770 L
1 kit (for oil) = 15.159 L
1 koelak (for oil) = 3.709 L
1 kan (for various products) = 1.575 L
1 mutsje (for various products) = 0.1516 L
Several local units were used in Sumatra.
Units for length included:
1 etto = 2 jankal
1 hailoh = 2 etto
1 tung = 4 hailoh = 12 feet. [3]
Units for capacity included:
1 koolah = 2.1173 bushel
1 pakha = 0.14535 gallon. [3]
Units for mass included:
1 catty = 2.118 lb
1 maund = 77 lb
1 pecul = 133+1⁄3 lb
1 candil = 423+1⁄2 lb
1 ootan (for camphor) = 4 lb. [3]
Several local units were used in Java. Old Dutch units too were in use, and other units were varied for example one town to another.: [4]
One covid was equal to 3⁄4 yard and other units were Dutch. [4]
Units for mass included:
1 gantang (for coffee) = 10 catties
1 pecul = 100 catties = 135.6312 lb
1 bahar (at Bantam; used for pepper) = 406.78 lb
1 bahar (at Batavia) = 610.17 lb
1 timbang (for grain) = 677.9625 lb
Units for capacity included:
1 kanne = 0.394 gallons
1 legger (for arrack) = 160.0 gallons
1 bambou (at Bantam) = 0.09223 bushels
1 koyang = 147.568 bushels
1 koyang (at Batavia; measure for rise) = 62432 bushels. [3]
Units were resemble or identical with the units of neighbouring islands under Netherlands. [5]
One pecul was equal to 135.64 lb. [5]
Dutch units and other units resembling the units in Java, Sumatra, etc. were used. [6]
Units included:
1 bahar = 597.61 lb
1 mace = 28+1⁄2 grain
1 tael = 55.3371 bushel. [6]
One catty was equal to 1.3017 lb. [6]
Ton is any of several units of measure of mass, volume or force. It has a long history and has acquired several meanings and uses.
Tael, also known as the tahil and by other names, can refer to any one of several weight measures used in East Asia and Southeast Asia. It usually refers to the Chinese tael, a part of the Chinese system of weights and currency. The Chinese tael was standardized to 50 grams in 1959.
A bushel is an imperial and US customary unit of volume based upon an earlier measure of dry capacity. The old bushel is equal to 2 kennings (obsolete), 4 pecks, or 8 dry gallons, and was used mostly for agricultural products, such as wheat. In modern usage, the volume is nominal, with bushels denoting a mass defined differently for each commodity.
The catty, kati or 斤, pronounced as jīn in Mandarin and gan in Cantonese, is a traditional Chinese unit of mass used across East and Southeast Asia, notably for weighing food and other groceries. Related units include the picul, equal to 100 catties, and the tael, which is 1⁄16 of a catty. A stone is a former unit used in Hong Kong equal to 120 catties and a gwan (鈞) is 30 catties. Catty or kati is still used in Southeast Asia as a unit of measurement in some contexts especially by the significant Overseas Chinese populations across the region, particularly in Malaysia and Singapore.
A picul or tam is a traditional Asian unit of weight, defined as "as much as a man can carry on a shoulder-pole".
The quarter was used as the name of several distinct English units based on ¼ sizes of some base unit.
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international critical hellotables 1926.