Iris longiscapa

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Iris longiscapa
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Iridaceae
Genus: Iris
Subgenus: Iris subg. Iris
Section: Iris sect. Hexapogon
Species:
I. longiscapa
Binomial name
Iris longiscapa
Synonyms [1]
  • Iris filifoliaBunge (Illegitimate)

Iris longiscapa is a plant species in the genus Iris , it is also in the subgenus Iris and in the section Hexapogon. It is a rhizomatous perennial from the deserts of Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. They have grass-like leaves and lilac-violet or blue-purple flowers on a tall slender stem.

Contents

It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Description

Iris longiscapa is very similar in form to Iris songarica . [2]

The plant has a short, small rhizome. [3] [4] It produces small, nut-like segments, (which are smaller than Iris falcifolia ), one per year, that spread to create small creeping, dense tufts of plants. [2] [5] On top of the rhizome are the fibrous remains of the previous seasons leaves. [2] [5] Underneath, it has plenty of thick roots. [2] [5]

It has basal, green, grass-like or filiform (thread-like) linear leaves. [4] [6] [7] They are narrow, deciduous and between 0.02–25 cm (0–10 in) wide. [6] [7] [8] The leaves are much narrower and straighter than Iris falcifolia. [7] [8]

The stem (or peduncle) is slender and can grow between 50–75 cm (20–30 in) long. [3] [9] [10] It is more longer and slender than Iris falcifolia, [5] but shorter than Iris songarica. [2]

The stems have 3 spathes (leaves of the flower bud), which are narrow and are acuminated (ending in a sharp point), and they have a hyaline (clear and translucent) or membranous margin. [2] [5] The spathes have a small peduncle (stalk) that are between 1.2–2.5 cm (0–1 in) long. [6]

The stems hold short pedicels (flower stalks), which are 5–7.5 cm (2–3 in) long, [6] they hold 2–5 flowers, [2] [6] [10] between April and May. [2] [4] [5]

The flowers are 4–5 cm (2–2 in) in diameter, [2] [6] [8] they are slightly smaller than Iris falcifolia, [5] but smaller than Iris songarica. [2] They come in shades of lilac-violet, [5] [6] [9] or blue-purple, [4] [10] [11] It has 2 pairs of petals, 3 large sepals (outer petals), known as the 'falls' and 3 inner, smaller petals (or tepals), known as the 'standards'. [12] The falls are oblong shaped, [2] [5] and have darker veins along the margins. [2] [5] [6] In the centre of the falls, is a large, white, clavate (shaped like a club) beard. [3] [6] It has a fine yellow centre. [3] [9] [11] The standards are erect, narrowly spatulate and can sometimes have hairs. [5]

The flowers are bisexual and actinomorphic (meaning have radial symmetry). [2]

After the iris has flowered, it produces a pointed, 3-angled, [5] or 3-edged seed capsule [2] that is 4–6 cm (2–2 in) long. [2] [5]

Biochemistry

Since most irises are diploid, having two sets of chromosomes, this can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings. [12] It has a chromosome count: 2n=18, [4] [9] [11] carried out by Zakharyeva in 1985. [6]

Taxonomy

It is known locally as 'teke-sakal (in Turkmenistan) and kacathk (in Uzbekistan). [2]

The Latin specific epithet longiscapa refers to long, slender stem, [4] [11] or long scape. [13]

It was first published and described by Carl Friedrich von Ledebour in 'Flora Rossica sive Enumeratio Plantarum in Totius Imperii Rossici Provinciis Europaeis, Asiaticis, et Americanis Hucusque Observatarum. Stuttgartiae' (Fl. Ross.) Vol.4 Issue 12, page 93 in April 1852. [6] [14] [15]

It was also published in 'Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans' Vol.7 page 505 in 1854. [5] The synonym Iris filifolia Boiss. was published in 'Voy. Espagne' (1839–45) page602 in 1839. [5]

It has never been illustrated except for a small drawing of one flower published in Komarov's 'Flora USSR' in Vol.4, table 34 in 1935. [6]

On 2 October 2014, it was verified by the United States Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Research Service. [15]

Distribution and habitat

Iris longiscapa is a native to temperate regions of Central Asia. [2] [5] [9] [15]

Range

It is found in (the former states of USSR), [4] [7] [11] of Kazakhstan, [15] [16] Afghanistan, [10] Tajikistan, [15] Turkmenistan, [2] [15] [17] and Uzbekistan. [3] [15] [18] It is also found in Iran, [4] [11] or the Turanian deserts. [19]

They are specifically found in the deserts of Kara Kum and Kyzyl Kum. [6] [7] [8]

Habitat

It is a (psammophyte) and grows in the sandy-clay deserts, [4] [10] or on granite hills. [5] The soils contain NoH. [19]

It is also found in the Turanian gypsophilic (gypsum-loving) sagebrush lands of Kazakhstan, growing with Gagea reticulata , Nonea caspica and Tulipa sogdiana . [16]

Uses

A harvest of dry leaves of the iris are used as a litter for cattle in barns in Uzbekistan. [2]

It is eaten in spring by sheep in . [20]

Cultivation

Iris longiscapa is cultivated as an ornamental plant, though it is rare. [4] [11]

It is not hardy in Europe, and should be grown in a pot or a cold greenhouse. [4] It is grown in loamy soils, in full sun with good drainage. [11] It needs to rest and be dry over summer, after it flowers. [11] It needs to be grown in full sun. [4]

A specimen was sent to Saint Petersburg Botanical Garden. [5]

Related Research Articles

Iris songarica is a beardless iris in the genus Iris, in the subgenus Limniris and in the series Tenuifoliae of the genus. It is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial, from Central Asia, located in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. It has long strap-like leaves, a long stem and 2–3 flowers in shades of violet, dark blue, to lavender blue.

Iris halophila var. sogdiana is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Limniris and in series Spuriae. It is a variety of Iris halophila. It was once a species in its own right as Iris sogdiana, before being re-classified as a synonym of Iris halophila, but it has been re-classed again as a variant of Iris halophila. It is a rhizomatous perennial plant, with blue-violet flowers. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Iris falcifolia is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris and in the section Hexapogon. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Afghanistan, Iran and Pakistan. It is a small plant, with sickle-shaped greyish-green leaves, lilac-violet flowers and darker veining, and a white or yellow beard. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in dry, temperate regions.

Iris bloudowii is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus of Iris and in the Psammiris section. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Russia, Siberia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia and China, with sickle-shaped leaves, slender stem and 2 bright or pale yellow flowers. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris potaninii</i> Species of flowering plant

Iris potaninii is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus of Iris and in the Psammiris section. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Siberia in Russia, Mongolia and China. It is a dwarf plant, having either subterranean or very small stems, long thin leaves and yellow, or dark violet to purplish blue flowers. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Iris darwasica is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris and in the section Regelia. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Tajikistan and northern Afghanistan. It has long and thin glaucous to grey-green leaves, slender stem and greenish cream or greenish yellow, to dark purple or lilac flowers.

Iris heweri is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris and in the section Regelia. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Afghanistan. It has tall, green curved leaves, tall slender stems and purple blue or violet-blue flowers, with white and purple or lilac beard. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris hoogiana</i> Species of flowering plant

Iris hoogiana is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris and in the section Regelia. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the grassy mountainsides of Turkestan. It has long green leaves, which are slightly purple at the base, and a long slender flowering stem. The flowers are blue, ranging from sky-blue to lavender blue and blue purple. It has orange or yellow beards. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris korolkowii</i> Species of plant

Iris korolkowii is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris and in the section Regelia. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the mountains of Tien Shan, Pamir and Altai, in Afghanistan and Turkestan. It is commonly known as the Redvein Iris. It has long, sword-shaped grey-green leaves, slender stem, and 2 to 3 white, cream, pale green or light purple flowers which are veined with maroon, chocolate brown or dark purple. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris stolonifera</i> Species of plant

Iris stolonifera is a plant species in the genus Iris; it is also in the subgenus Iris, and in the section Regelia. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the mountains of Turkestan, between Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Afghanistan. It has red-skinned stolon roots and rhizomes, glaucous, long, blue-grey leaves, and bi-coloured flowers, in various shades from milky white, to blue, purple, pale lilac, lavender and brown. It normally has blue to yellow beards on all the petals.

Iris cuniculiformis is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris and in the section Pseudoregelia. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from China, it has long and thin green leaves, and 1 lilac large flowers, that have yellow or grey beards. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Iris narcissiflora is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris and in the section Pseudoregelia. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from China. It has pale green, thin, sword-shaped leaves, medium-long slender stem and 1 yellow flower. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Iris psammocola is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris and in the section Pseudoregelia. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from China. It has grass-like leaves, short stems, yellow flowers. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris tigridia</i> Species of plant of the genus Iris

Iris tigridia is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris and in the section Pseudoregelia. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Kazakhstan, Russia, Mongolia and China. It has dark green or greyish green, grass-like leaves, a short slender stem and a single flowers that are either violet, dark blue, blue-purple, dark purple, mauve, lilac, lavender, or light purple. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Iris bicapitata is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the Gargano Peninsula, Italy. It has sickle or pointed leaves, shorter than the flowering stem. It has two flowers, which come in variable shades from yellow, white, lilac, blue and violet. They can also be bi-coloured. It is thought to have been derived from Iris pseudopumila. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris glaucescens</i> Species of plant

Iris glaucescens is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, found in Russia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia and China. It has blue-grey sickle-shaped leaves, slender stem, and spring flowers in blue-violet, pale violet, lilac-purple, to deep purple, to light bluish, and almost white shades. It is rarely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions. It was merged with another similar iris in the region, and became a synonym of Iris scariosa, before being divided into two separate species again. Although some sources still call it a synonym of Iris scariosa.

<i>Iris imbricata</i> Species of plant

Iris imbricata is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the Caucasus mountains, within Iran, Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia. It has broad, sword-like, yellow green or light green leaves, slender stem with branches, inflated and overlapping green spathes, and 2–5 yellow, pale yellow or greenish yellow flowers.

<i>Iris acutiloba <span style="font-style:normal;">subsp.</span> lineolata</i> Subspecies of flowering plant

Iris acutiloba subsp. lineolata is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus of Iris. It is a subspecies of Iris acutiloba, and is a rhizomatous perennial, from the mountains of Iran, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan and Azerbaijan. It has narrow, lanceolate, or falcate (sickle-shaped) leaves, which are grey-green and glaucous. It has a slender straight stem holding one terminal flower. The flowers, come in shades of white, cream, or creamy white and have veining that is purple or brown, or a mixture of both. It is heavily veined or streaked in purple or brown, with a dark purple-brown, spot on 3 of the outer petals and brown, dark purple, or black short beard. It is rarely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions, unless grown in a greenhouse.

<i>Iris acutiloba</i> Species of plant

Iris acutiloba is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus of Iris and section Oncocyclus. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the mountains of the Caucasus and found in Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Dagestan in the North Caucasus, and Iran. It is a dwarf species, with narrow, falcate or curved leaves, it has one flower in spring or early summer, that comes in shades from cream, creamy white, whitish, pale brown, light grey, to pale violet. It is heavily veined or streaked and pointed, with 2 dark spots and brown, purple, dark purple, or black short beard. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions. There are two subspecies, Iris acutiloba subsp. lineolata and Iris acutiloba subsp. longitepala.

Iris grossheimii is a plant species in the genus Iris, subgenus Iris and section Oncocyclus. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the Caucasus mountains of Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan. It has sickle shaped leaves, which are as long as the short stem, which carries one flower in spring. It is beige, pink or brown covered in dark lines that are, purple-brown or brown. It has a large blackish brown signal patch and brown or black beard. It is rarely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions, as it needs very dry conditions during the summer.

References

  1. ↑ "Iris longiscapa Ledeb. is an accepted name". theplantlist.org (The Plant List). 23 March 2012. Retrieved 25 April 2015.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Gustave Gintzburger Rangelands of the Arid and Semi-arid Zones in Uzbekistan , p. 395, at Google Books
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 "Iris longiscapa". planetefleurs.fr. Retrieved 27 April 2015.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 "Chapter II iris clump and other (part3)". irisbotanique.over-blog.com. Retrieved 25 April 2015.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Komarov, V.L. (1935). "Akademiya Nauk SSSR (FLORA of the U.S.S.R.) Vol. IV" . Retrieved 9 October 2014.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Franco, Alain (6 December 2013). "(SPEC) Iris longiscapa Ledeb". wiki.irises.org (American Iris Society). Retrieved 25 April 2015.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 "Iris longiscapa". encyclopaedia.alpinegardensociety.net. Retrieved 10 April 2015.
  8. 1 2 3 4 British Iris Society (1997) A Guide to Species Irises: Their Identification and Cultivation at Google Books
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 "Iris summary" (PDF). pacificbulbsociety.org. 14 April 2014. Retrieved 23 November 2014.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 Cassidy, George E.; Linnegar, Sidney (1987). Growing Irises (Revised ed.). Bromley: Christopher Helm. p. 125. ISBN   0-88192-089-4.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Iris longiscapa". rareplants.co.uk. Archived from the original on 10 April 2015. Retrieved 10 April 2015.
  12. 1 2 Austin, Claire (2005). Irises; A Garden Encyclopedia. Timber Press. ISBN   0881927309.
  13. ↑ Smith, A.W.; Stearn, William T. (1972). A Gardener's Dictionary of Plant Names (Revised ed.). Cassell and Company (published 1963). p. 202. ISBN   0304937215.
  14. ↑ "Iridaceae Iris longiscapa Ledeb". ipni.org (International Plant Names Index). Retrieved 10 April 2015.
  15. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Iris longiscapa". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 10 April 2015.
  16. 1 2 Rhind, Peter Martin (2010). "Plant Formations in the Turanian BioProvince" (PDF). Retrieved 27 April 2015.
  17. ↑ AP Mabuza Travel to Turkestan founding member of the Society AP Mabuza , p. 147, at Google Books
  18. ↑ "ORNAMENTAL PLANTS IN THEIR NATURAL HABITATS". mobot.org. Retrieved 27 April 2015.
  19. 1 2 Siegmar-W. Breckle, Walter Wucherer, Liliya A. Dimeyeva and Nathalia P. Ogar (Editors) Aralkum – a Man-Made Desert: The Desiccated Floor of the Aral Sea (Central Asia) , p. 292, at Google Books
  20. ↑ J. R. Goodin and David K. Northington (Editors) Plant Resources of Arid and Semiarid Lands: A Global Perspective at Google Books

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