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The lands inhabited by indigenous peoples receive different treatments around the world. Many countries have specific legislation, definitions, nomenclature, objectives, etc., for such lands. To protect indigenous land rights, special rules are sometimes created to protect the areas they live in. In other cases, governments establish "reserves" with the intention of segregation. Some indigenous peoples live in places where their right to land is not recognised, or not effectively protected.
es:Autonomía indígena originario campesina
TCO | Location | Size (hectares) | Date Established | Established by | Indigenous Peoples | Previous Status |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sirionó Indigenous Territory | 52,408.71 ha [1] | 24 September 1990 [2] | Supreme Decree 22609 | Sirionó | ||
Isiboro Sécure National Park and Indigenous Territory | Cochabamba/Beni Department border | 1,372,180 ha | 24 September 1990 [2] | Supreme Decree 22610 | Trinitario Mojeño, Yuracaré, Chimán | National Park (since 1965) |
Multiethnic Indigenous Territory I | Beni | 365,483.26 ha [1] | 24 September 1990 [2] | Supreme Decree 22611 | Trinitario Mojeño, Ignaciano Mojeño, Movima, Yuracaré, Chimán | |
Chimán Indigenous Territory I | Beni | 337,360.44 ha [1] | 24 September 1990 [2] | |||
Pilón Lajas Biosphere Reserve and Communal Lands | Yungas region, northern La Paz Department and Beni | 400,000 ha | 9 April 1992 [2] | Supreme Decree 23110 | Mosetén, Tsimané, Tacana | Biosphere Reserve (since 1977) |
Chayantaka Native Community Lands | north Potosí | 36,366.79 | July 2005 [3] | INRA titling completed | Chayantaka ayllu | |
Lomerío Chiquitano Indigenous Territory | 259,188 | 9 April 1992 June 2006 | Supreme Decree 23112 INRA Titling Complete | Chiquitano | ||
Monte Verde Chiquitano Indigenous Territory | Ñuflo de Chávez Province, Santa Cruz | 947,440.8 | 3 July 2007 | Titling completed and awarded | Chiquitano | |
Araona Indigenous Territory | 9 April 1992 [2] | Supreme Decree 23108 | ||||
Yuki Indigenous Territory | Cochabamba | 9 April 1992 [2] | Supreme Decree 23111 | Yuki, Yuracaré | ||
Yuracaré Native Community Lands | Cochabamba | Yuracaré | ||||
Avatiri Ingre Native Community Lands | Chuquisaca | Guaraní | ||||
Avatiri Huacareta Native Community Lands | Chuquisaca | Guaraní | ||||
Avatiri Ingre Native Community Lands | Chuquisaca | Guaraní | ||||
Machareti-Ñancaroinza-Carandayti Native Community Lands | Chuquisaca | Guaraní | ||||
Itikaraparirenda Native Community Lands | Chuquisaca | Guaraní | ||||
Alto Parapetí Native Community Lands | Santa Cruz | Guaraní | Ranches with Guaraní in conditions of servitude [4] | |||
Nor Lípez Native Community Lands | Nor Lípez Province, Potosí | 2,000,291 | 19 April 2011 | INRA titling completed | Central Única Provincial de Comunidades Originarias de Nor Lípez [5] | |
Jatun Ayllu-Juchuy Ayllu-Chaupi Ayllu Native Community Lands | Sur Lípez Province, Potosí | 1,557,532 | 19 April 2011 | INRA titling completed | Jatun Ayllu, Juchuy Ayllu, Chaupi Ayllu indigenous communities [5] | |
Enrique Baldivieso Native Community Lands | Enrique Baldivieso Province, Potosí | 227,003 | 19 April 2011 | INRA titling completed | Central Única de la Provincia de Comunidades Originarias Enrique Baldivieso [5] | |
Communal reserves are conservation areas for flora and fauna, allowing traditional use for the rural populations surrounding the areas. The use and marketing of the natural resources within the communal reserve is conducted by the same rural populations. [12]
Reserve | Date | Area (ha) |
---|---|---|
Yanesha | 28 April 1988 | 34,744 |
El Sira | 22 June 2001 | 616,413 |
Amarakaeri | 9 May 2002 | 402,335 |
Asháninka | 14 January 2003 | 184,468 |
Machiguenga | 14 January 2003 | 218,905 |
Purús | 20 November 2004 | 202,033 |
Tuntanain | 10 August 2007 | 94,967 |
Chayu Nain | 9 December 2009 | 23,597 |
Some lands inhabited for indigenous peoples can be considered as Indigenous and Community Conserved Area.
The Cree are a North American Indigenous people. They live primarily in Canada, where they form one of the country's largest First Nations.
Indigenous peoples once comprised an estimated 2,000 tribes and nations inhabiting what is now the country of Brazil, before European contact around 1500 AD.
In Canada, an Indian reserve is defined by the Indian Act as a "tract of land, the legal title to which is vested in His Majesty, that has been set apart by His Majesty for the use and benefit of a band." Reserves are areas set aside for First Nations, one of the major groupings of Indigenous peoples in Canada, after a contract with the Canadian state, and are not to be confused with Indigenous peoples' claims to ancestral lands under Aboriginal title.
Nickerie is a district of Suriname, on the north-west coast. Nickerie's capital city is Nieuw-Nickerie. Another town is Wageningen. The district borders the Atlantic Ocean to the north, the Surinamese district of Coronie to the east, the Surinamese district of Sipaliwini to the south and the region of East Berbice-Corentyne in Guyana to the west.
The Colville Indian Reservation is an Indian reservation in the Northwestern United States, in north central Washington, inhabited and managed by the Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation, which are federally recognized.
An autonomous administrative division is a subnational administrative division or internal territory of a sovereign state that has a degree of autonomy—self-governance—under the national government. Autonomous areas are distinct from the constituent units of a federation in that they possess unique powers for their given circumstances. Typically, it is either geographically distinct from the rest of the state or populated by a national minority, which may exercise home rule. Decentralization of self-governing powers and functions to such divisions is a way for a national government to try to increase democratic participation or administrative efficiency or to defuse internal conflicts. States that include autonomous areas may be federacies, federations, or confederations. Autonomous areas can be divided into territorial autonomies, subregional territorial autonomies, and local autonomies.
Indigenous police services in Canada are police forces under the control of a First Nation or Inuit government.
Indigenous peoples of Colombia are the ethnic groups who have inhabited Colombia since before the Spanish colonization of Colombia, in the early 16th century.
Baracara village was founded by people of African descent in the East Berbice-Corentyne Region of Guyana, located on the Canje River. The community has also been called New Ground Village or Wel te Vreeden. Baracara is 20 miles west of Corriverton and just north of the Torani Canal's connection to the Canje River.
In Canada, an Indian band, First Nation band or simply band, is the basic unit of government for those peoples subject to the Indian Act. Bands are typically small groups of people: the largest in the country, the Six Nations of the Grand River First Nation had 22,294 members in September 2005, and many have a membership below 100 people. Each First Nation is typically represented by a band council chaired by an elected chief, and sometimes also a hereditary chief. As of 2013, there were 614 bands in Canada. Membership in a band is controlled in one of two ways: for most bands, membership is obtained by becoming listed on the Indian Register maintained by the government. As of 2013, there were 253 First Nations which had their own membership criteria, so that not all status Indians are members of a band.
Treaty 4 is a treaty established between Queen Victoria and the Cree and Saulteaux First Nation band governments. The area covered by Treaty 4 represents most of current day southern Saskatchewan, plus small portions of what are today western Manitoba and southeastern Alberta. This treaty is also called the Qu'Appelle Treaty, as its first signings were conducted at Fort Qu'Appelle, North-West Territories, on 15 September 1874. Additional signings or adhesions continued until September 1877. This treaty is the only indigenous treaty in Canada that has a corresponding indigenous interpretation.
The Arawak village of Wakapau (or Wakapoa) is located in the Pomeroon-Supenaam Region of Guyana, on the Wakapau River, a tributary on the west bank of the Pomeroon River, 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) from its mouth. The name originates from the Lokono word ‘Wakokwãn’, which means pigeon. The village is composed of twenty inhabited islands. Some of the islands only contain a single family.
Indigenous people under the nation-state have experienced exclusion and dispossession. With the rise in globalization, material advantages for indigenous populations have diminished. At times, national governments have negotiated natural resources without taking into account whether or not these resources exist on indigenous lands. In this sense for many indigenous populations, the effects of globalization mirror the effects of the conquest in the mid 16th century.
Guyana, officially the Co-operative Republic of Guyana, is a country on the northern coast of South America, part of the historic mainland British West Indies. Guyana is an indigenous word which means "Land of Many Waters". Georgetown is the capital of Guyana and is also the country's largest city. Guyana is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the north, Brazil to the south and southwest, Venezuela to the west, and Suriname to the east. With a land area of 214,969 km2 (83,000 sq mi), Guyana is the third-smallest sovereign state by area in mainland South America after Uruguay and Suriname, and is the second-least populous sovereign state in South America after Suriname; it is also one of the least densely populated countries on Earth. It has a wide variety of natural habitats and very high biodiversity. The country also hosts a part of the Amazon rainforest, the largest tropical rainforest in the world.
Indigenous rights are those rights that exist in recognition of the specific condition of the Indigenous peoples. This includes not only the most basic human rights of physical survival and integrity, but also the rights over their land, language, religion, and other elements of cultural heritage that are a part of their existence and identity as a people. This can be used as an expression for advocacy of social organizations, or form a part of the national law in establishing the relation between a government and the right of self-determination among its Indigenous people, or in international law as a protection against violation of Indigenous rights by actions of governments or groups of private interests.
The Pauaquachin are a Coast Salish indigenous people whose territory is in the Greater Victoria area of southern Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. Their houses stand between Gordon Head and Cowichan Head. They are one of the five groups of houses or 'families' of Saanich, along with the Tsawout, the Tseycum, the Malahat, the T'sou-ke, and the Tsartlip First Nations. According to a 2016 census, 330 people were recognized as Pauquachin.
Pan-Indianism is a philosophical and political approach promoting unity, and to some extent cultural homogenization, among different Indigenous groups in the Americas regardless of tribal distinctions and cultural differences.
The following is an alphabetical list of topics related to Indigenous peoples in Canada, comprising the First Nations, Inuit and Métis peoples.
Joênia Wapichana is the first indigenous lawyer in Brazil and a member of the Wapixana tribe of northern Brazil. After taking a land dispute to the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, Wapixana became the first indigenous lawyer to argue before the Supreme Court of Brazil. She is the current president of the National Commission for the Defense of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.