This list presents the vital statistics of the pyramids listed in chronological order, when available.
Dynasty | Pharaoh | Modern name (ancient name) | Site | Base length (m) | Height (m) | Volume (m3) | Inclination & notes [ clarification needed ] | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3rd 2686–2613 BC | Djoser | Pyramid of Djoser | Saqqara | 121×109 | 60 | 330,400 | 29°52′16.56″N31°12′59.02″E / 29.8712667°N 31.2163944°E [1] | |
3rd | Sekhemkhet | Buried Pyramid | Saqqara | 120 | 7 | 33,600 (unfinished) | 29°51′58″N31°12′47″E / 29.866°N 31.213°E [2] Unfinished pyramid convered into a square mastaba. | |
3rd | Khaba (uncertain) | Layer Pyramid | Zawyet el'Aryan | 84 | 20 | 47,040 (possibly unfinished) | 29°55′58″N31°09′41″E / 29.932820°N 31.161262°E [3] | |
4th 2613–2498 BC | Sneferu | Pyramid of Meidum (Snefru endures) | Meidum | 144 | 65 | 638,733 (possibly unfinished) | 51° 50' 35" [4] | |
4th | Sneferu | Bent Pyramid (Snefru shines in the South) | Dahshur | 188 | 105 | 1,237,040 | 54° 50' 35" /43° 22' [4] | |
4th | Sneferu | Red Pyramid (Snefru shines in the North) | Dahshur | 220 | 105 | 1,694,000 | 43° 22' | |
4th | Khufu | The Great Pyramid of Giza (Khufu's horizon) | Giza | 230.3 | 146.6 | 2,583,283 | 51° 50' 40" [5] | |
4th | Djedefre | Pyramid of Djedefre (Djedefre's Starry Sky) | Abu Rawash | 106.2 | 67 | 131,043 (possibly unfinished) | ~52° [4] [6] | |
4th (uncertain) | Bikheris? | Northern Pyramid of Zawyet el'Aryan (Star of ..?..-Ka) | Zawyet el'Aryan | 200 | (Never built) | [8] [9] | ||
4th | Khafre | Pyramid of Khafre (Khafre is great) | Giza | 215.25 | 143.5 | 2,211,096 | 53°10' [4] | |
4th | Menkaure | Pyramid of Menkaure (Menkaure is divine) | Giza | 103.4 | 65.5 | 235,183 | 51°20′25″ [10] | |
5th 2498–2345 BC | Userkaf | Pyramid of Userkaf (The pure sites of Userkaf) | Saqqara | 73.3 | 49 | 87,906 | 53°7'48" [4] | |
5th | Sahure | Pyramid of Sahure (The personality (ba) of Sahure appears) | Abusir | 78.75 | 47 | 96,542 | 50°11'40" [4] | |
5th | Neferirkare Kakai | Pyramid of Neferirkare (Personality (ba) of Neferirkare) | Abusir | 105 | 54 | 257,250 | 54°30' [11] | |
5th | Neferefre | Pyramid of Neferefre (The power of Neferefre is divine) | Abusir | 65 | 29,575 (unfinished) | Unfinished pyramid convered into a square mastaba. | ||
5th | Shepseskare | Unfinished pyramid of North Abusir | Abusir | 100 | Never built, earthwork just started | – | ||
5th | Nyuserre Ini | Pyramid of Nyuserre (The seats of Niuserre will endure) | Abusir | 79.9 | 51.68 | 112,632 | 51° 50' 35" [12] | |
5th | Menkauhor Kaiu [13] | Headless Pyramid (The divine places of Menkauhor) | Saqqara | c. 52 | n.d. | n.d. | ||
5th | Djedkare Isesi | Pyramid of Djedkare-Isesi (Beautiful is Djedkare) | South Saqqara | 78.75 | 52.5 | 107,835 | 52° [14] | |
5th | Unas | Pyramid of Unas (The places of Unas are beautiful) | North Saqqara | 57.75 | 43 | 47,390 | 56° [4] | |
6th 2345–2181 BC | Teti | Pyramid of Teti (The places of Teti are enduring) | North Saqqara | 78.5 | 52.5 | 107,835 | 53° 7' 48" [15] | |
6th | Pepi I | Pyramid of Pepi I (The beauty of Pepi may endure) | South Saqqara | 78.75 | 52.5 | 107,835 | 53° 7' 48" [16] | |
6th | Merenre | Pyramid of Merenre (The beauty of Merenre appears) | South Saqqara | 78.75 | 52.5 | 107,835 | 57°7'48" | |
6th | Pepi II | Pyramid of Pepi II (Pepi is established and living) | South Saqqara | 78.75 | 52.5 | 107,835 | 53° 7' 48" [5] | |
8th | Qakare Ibi | Pyramid of Ibi | South Saqqara | 31.5 | 21? | 53° 7′ [17] | ||
First Intermediate Period | Khui | Pyramid of Khui | Dara | 146x136 | n.d. | n.d. [18] | ||
10th | Merikare | Pyramid of Merikare (Flourishing are the abodes of Merikare) | Unknown, possibly North Saqqara | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. [19] | ||
12th 1991–1803 BC | Amenemhat I | Pyramid of Amenemhet I (Amenemhat appears at his place) | Lisht | 84 | 55 | 129,360 | 54° 27' 44" | |
12th | Senusret I | Pyramid of Senusret I (Senusret beholds the two lands) | Lisht | 105 | 61.25 | 225,093 | 49° 24' [20] | |
12th | Amenemhat II | White Pyramid (Amenemhat is provided) | Dahshur | 50 | ||||
12th | Senusret II | Pyramid of Senusret II (Senusret appears) | El-Lahun | 106 | 48.6 | 185,665 | 42° 35' [21] | |
12th | Senusret III | Pyramid of Senusret III | Dahshur | 105 | 78 | 288,488 | 56° 18' 35" [22] | |
12th | Amenemhat III | Pyramid of Amenemhat III (Amenemhat is beautiful) | Dahshur | 105 | 75 | 274,625 | 56° 18' 35" | |
12th | Amenemhat III | Pyramid of Hawara (Amenemhat lives) | Hawara | 105 | 58 | 200,158 | 48° 45' | |
12th or 13th | Amenemhat IV (?) | Southern Mazghuna pyramid | South Mazghuna | 52.5 | (unfinished) | n.d. | n.d. | |
12th or 13th | Sobekneferu (?) | Northern Mazghuna pyramid | North Mazghuna | >52.5 | (unfinished) | n.d. | n.d. | |
13th c. 1790 BC | Ameny Qemau | Pyramid of Ameny Qemau | South Saqqara | 52 | 35 | c 55° | ||
13th | Ameny Qemau (possibly usurped) [23] | n.d. | Dahshur | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | ||
13th c. 1760 BC | Khendjer | Pyramid of Khendjer | South Saqqara | 52.5 | 37.35 | 34,300 | 55° [24] | |
13th | unknown | Southern South Saqqara pyramid | South Saqqara | 78.75 | (unfinished) | n.d. | n.d. | |
13th c. 1740 BC | Likely Neferhotep I | Tomb S9 | Abydos | uncertain | unknown | Likely a pyramid, similar to Khendjer's, but possibly a mastaba | ||
13th c. 1730 BC | Likely Sobekhotep IV | Tomb S10 | Abydos | uncertain | unknown | Likely a pyramid, similar to Khendjer's, but possibly a mastaba | ||
17th | Nubkheperre Intef | Pyramid of Nubkheperre Intef | Dra' Abu el-Naga' | 11 | 13 | n.d. | 60° | |
18th (1550–1292 BC) | Ahmose I | Pyramid of Ahmose | Abydos | 52.5 | 10 | n.d. | 60° [25] |
Qakare Ibi was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh during the early First Intermediate Period and the 14th ruler of the Eighth Dynasty. As such Qakare Ibi's seat of power was Memphis and he probably did not hold power over all of Egypt. Qakare Ibi is one of the best attested pharaohs of the Eighth Dynasty due to the discovery of his small pyramid in South Saqqara.
Khufu or Cheops was an ancient Egyptian monarch who was the second pharaoh of the Fourth Dynasty, in the first half of the Old Kingdom period. Khufu succeeded his father Sneferu as king. He is generally accepted as having commissioned the Great Pyramid of Giza, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, but many other aspects of his reign are poorly documented.
The Fifth Dynasty of ancient Egypt is often combined with Dynasties III, IV and VI under the group title the Old Kingdom. The Fifth Dynasty pharaohs reigned for approximately 150 years, from the early 25th century BC until the mid 24th century BC.
The Eighth Dynasty of ancient Egypt is a poorly known and short-lived line of pharaohs reigning in rapid succession in the early 22nd century BC, likely with their seat of power in Memphis. The Eighth Dynasty held sway at a time referred to as the very end of the Old Kingdom or the beginning of the First Intermediate Period. The power of the pharaohs was waning while that of the provincial governors, known as nomarchs, was increasingly important, the Egyptian state having by then effectively turned into a feudal system. In spite of close relations between the Memphite kings and powerful nomarchs, notably in Coptos, the Eighth Dynasty was eventually overthrown by the nomarchs of Heracleopolis Magna, who founded the Ninth Dynasty. The Eighth Dynasty is sometimes combined with the preceding Seventh Dynasty, owing to the lack of archeological evidence for the latter which may be fictitious.
Merenre Nemtyemsaf II was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh, the sixth and penultimate ruler of the 6th Dynasty. He reigned for 1 year and 1 month in the first half of the 22nd century BC, at the very end of the Old Kingdom period. Nemtyemsaf II likely ascended the throne as an old man, succeeding his long-lived father Pepi II Neferkare at a time when the power of the pharaoh was crumbling.
Nyuserre Ini was an Ancient Egyptian pharaoh, the sixth ruler of the Fifth Dynasty during the Old Kingdom period. He is credited with a reign of 24 to 35 years depending on the scholar, and likely lived in the second half of the 25th century BCE. Nyuserre was the younger son of Neferirkare Kakai and queen Khentkaus II, and the brother of the short-lived king Neferefre. He may have succeeded his brother directly, as indicated by much later historical sources. Alternatively, Shepseskare may have reigned between the two as advocated by Miroslav Verner, albeit only for a few weeks or months at the most. The relation of Shepseskare with Neferefre and Nyuserre remains highly uncertain. Nyuserre was in turn succeeded by Menkauhor Kaiu, who could have been his nephew and a son of Neferefre.
Zawyet El Aryan is a town in the Giza Governorate, located between Giza and Abusir. To the west of the town, just in the desert area, is a necropolis, referred to by the same name. Almost directly east across the Nile is Memphis. In Zawyet El Aryan, there are two pyramid complexes and five mastaba cemeteries.
Ka, also (alternatively) Sekhen, was a Predynastic pharaoh of Upper Egypt belonging to Dynasty 0. He probably reigned during the first half of the 32nd century BC. The length of his reign is unknown.
The pyramid complex of Userkaf was built c. 2490 BC for the pharaoh Userkaf, founder of the 5th Dynasty of Egypt. It is located in the pyramid field at Saqqara, on the north-east of the step pyramid of Djoser. Constructed in dressed stone with a core of rubble, the pyramid is now ruined and resembles a conical hill in the sands of Saqqara. For this reason, it is known locally as El-Haram el-Maharbish, the "Heap of Stone", and was recognized as a royal pyramid by western archaeologists in the 19th century.
Menkare was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh, the first or second ruler of the Eighth Dynasty. Menkare probably reigned a short time at the transition between the Old Kingdom period and the First Intermediate Period, in the early 22nd century BC. The rapid succession of brief reigns at the time suggests times of hardship, possibly related to a widespread aridification of the Middle East, known as the 4.2 kiloyear event. As a pharaoh of the Eighth Dynasty, according to Manetho, Menkare's seat of power would have been Memphis.
Setut or Senen... was a pharaoh of the 9th Dynasty of ancient Egypt.
Sneferu, well known under his Hellenized name Soris, was the founding pharaoh of the Fourth Dynasty of Egypt during the Old Kingdom. Estimates of his reign vary, with for instance The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt suggesting a reign from around 2613 to 2589 BC, a reign of 24 years, while Rolf Krauss suggests a 30-year reign, and Rainer Stadelmann a 48-year reign. He built at least three pyramids that survive to this day and introduced major innovations in the design and construction of pyramids.
The Unfinished Northern Pyramid of Zawyet El Aryan, also known as Pyramid of Baka and Pyramid of Bikheris is the term archaeologists and Egyptologists use to describe a large shaft part of an unfinished pyramid at Zawyet El Aryan in Egypt. Archaeologists are generally of the opinion that it belongs to the early or the mid-4th Dynasty during the Old Kingdom period. The pyramid owner is not known for certain and most Egyptologists, such as Miroslav Verner, think it should be a king known under his hellenized name, Bikheris, perhaps from the Egyptian Baka. In contrast, Wolfgang Helck and other Egyptologists doubt this attribution.
Baka is the name of an ancient Egyptian prince. He is known for his destroyed statuette. He is also the subject of a theory that claims he was pharaoh of Egypt for a very short time. Thus, he might be identical to a scarcely known king named Bikheris.
Wadjkare was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh of the Eighth dynasty who reigned c. 2150 BC during the First Intermediate Period. He is considered to be a very obscure figure in Egyptian history.
The Southern Mazghuna Pyramid is an ancient Egyptian royal tomb which was built during the 12th or the 13th Dynasty in Mazghuna, 5 km south of Dahshur, Egypt. The building was never finished, and is still unknown which pharaoh was the owner, since no appropriate inscription have been found.
The pyramid was rediscovered in 1910 by Ernest Mackay and excavated in the following year by Flinders Petrie.
The Northern Mazghuna Pyramid is an ancient Egyptian royal tomb which was built during the 12th or 13th Dynasty in Mazghuna, 5 km south of Dahshur. The building remained unfinished, and it is still unknown which pharaoh was really intended to be buried here since no appropriate inscription has been found.
The Southern South Saqqara Pyramid is an ancient Egyptian royal tomb which was built during the 13th Dynasty in South Saqqara, and is renowned for having the most elaborate hypogeum since the late 12th Dynasty pyramids. The building remains unfinished and its owner is still uncertain as no unambiguous evidence has been found to settle the issue. In 2008, the Egyptologist Christoffer Theis proposed that the pyramid was built for king Djehuti, based on a inscription discovered nearby by Gustave Jéquier.
The pyramid of Khentkaus II is a queen's pyramid in the necropolis of Abusir in Egypt, which was built during the Fifth dynasty of Ancient Egypt. It is attributed to the queen Khentkaus II, who may have ruled Egypt as a reigning queen after the death of her husband Neferirkare Kakai. The pyramid is now a heavily damaged ruin, which only stands 4 metres high.
The pyramid of Pepi II was the tomb of Pharaoh Pepi II, located in southern Saqqara, to the northwest of the Mastabat al-Fir’aun. It was the final full pyramid complex to be built in Ancient Egypt. Long used as a quarry, the pyramid was excavated for the first time by Gaston Maspero in 1881. Its ruins were studied in exhaustive detail by Gustave Jéquier, who was able to reconstruct the funerary complex and the texts on the walls of the funerary chamber in the course of his excavation campaigns from 1932-1935. Since 1996, thorough investigations of the pyramid and its surroundings have been being carried out by the Mission a.