List of red dwarfs

Last updated

This is a list of exceptional red dwarfs.

List of titleholding red dwarf stars

This is a list of red dwarfs that currently hold records.

Contents

List of red dwarf firsts

Firsts
Record TitleStarDateDataNotes
First discovered Lacaille 8760 1753Originally listed in a 1763 catalog that was published posthumously by Abbé Nicolas Louis de Lacaille. [1]
First discovered with planet(s) Gliese 876 1998 Gliese 876 b

The Jovian planet was the first discovered around a red dwarf.

[2] [3]
First discovered with giant planet(s) Gliese 876 1998 Gliese 876 b The giant planet was the first planet discovered around a red dwarf. [2] [3]
First discovered with terrestrial planet(s) Kepler-42
(KOI-961)		2012 KOI-961 b
KOI-961 c
KOI-961 d 		3 terrestrial planets were discovered around KOI-961 in 2012, the first terrestrial planets found to orbit a red dwarf. [4]

List of red dwarf extremes

Extremes
Record TitleStarDateDataNotesReferences
Least voluminous EBLM J0555-57Ab 2017 r= 59,000 km (37,000 mi) [5]
Most voluminous XZ Tauri B20021.7 R☉ [6]
Least massive 2MASS J0523-1403 201567.54±12.79 MJ [7]
Most massive Kepler-80 20120.73 M☉ [8]
Least distant Proxima Centauri 19174.2  ly (1.3  pc )

This is also known as Alpha Centauri C and is a member of the α Cen trinary system. It is the nearest neighbouring star to the Sun.

 [9]
Most distant UDF 3561 2010202,000 ly

(62,000 pc)

 [10]
Least luminous 2MASS J0523-1403 [7]
Most luminous
Dimmest UDF 2457 V= 25 [11]
Brightest Lacaille 8760 V= 6.69

Also called AX Microscopii. This is the 24th closest star to the Sun, and also intrinsically luminous for red dwarfs, having spectral class M0.

 [12] [13]
YoungestSee T Tauri star
Oldest

List of named red dwarfs

This is a list of red dwarfs with names that are not systematically designated.

StarNamingNotes
Proxima Centauri Named for being the closest neighbouring star to Earth's SunLies within the Alpha Centauri star system [9]
Barnard's Star Named after its discoverer, E. E. Barnard Second closest neighbouring star system to Earth, after α Cen. Also the star with the highest proper motion. [14]
van Biesbroeck's star Named for its discoverer, George van Biesbroeck Was once the least luminous, and, lowest mass, known star. [15]
Kapteyn's star Named for the astronomer who discovered it had gone missing, Jacobus Kapteyn Was once the star with the highest proper motion, thus making it move away from its recorded position in the sky and go "missing". [14]
Teegarden's Star Named after the lead investigator astrophysicist who discovered it, Bonnard J. Teegarden, through a datacrunching search of archived data.

List of nearest red dwarfs

StarDistance
ly (pc)		Notes
1 Proxima Centauri 4.2 ly (1.3 pc)Part of the α Cen trinary system, the closest neighbouring star system. It is also the nearest neighbouring star. [9]
2 Barnard's Star 5.95 ly (1.82 pc)Second closest neighbouring star system [16]
3 Wolf 359 7.86 ly (2.41 pc)Also called CN Leonis
4 Lalande 21185 8.3 ly (2.5 pc)
5 Luyten 726-8 8.7 ly (2.7 pc)This is a binary star system with two red dwarfs
6 Ross 154 9.68 ly (2.97 pc)[ citation needed ]

List of least voluminous red dwarfs

StarRadius
Solar radii
(Sun = 1)		Radius
Jupiter radii
(Jupiter = 1)		Radius
km
(mi)		Notes
1 EBLM J0555-57Ab 0.0840.8459,000 km (37,000 mi)This star is slightly larger than the planet Saturn. [17] [18] [19]
2 2MASS J0523-1403 0.0860.8660,000 km (37,000 mi) [20] [21] [22]

Timeline of smallest red dwarf recordholders

This is a list of titleholders of being the red dwarf with the smallest volume, and its succession over time.

List of smallest red dwarf titleholders
StarDateRadius
Solar radii
(Sun = 1)		Radius
Jupiter radii
(Jupiter = 1)		Radius
km
(mi)		Notes
EBLM J0555-57Ab 2017—0.0840.8459,000 km (37,000 mi)This star is slightly larger than the planet Saturn. [17] [18] [19]
2MASS J0523-1403 2013-20170.0860.8660,000 km (37,000 mi) [20] [21] [22]
OGLE-TR-122B 2005-20130.1201.1681,100 km (50,400 mi) [23] [24] [25]

See also

Related Research Articles

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WASP or Wide Angle Search for Planets is an international consortium of several academic organisations performing an ultra-wide angle search for exoplanets using transit photometry. The array of robotic telescopes aims to survey the entire sky, simultaneously monitoring many thousands of stars at an apparent visual magnitude from about 7 to 13.

HAT-P-6 also named Sterrennacht is a star in the constellation Andromeda, located approximately 895 light years or 274 parsecs away from the Earth. It is an F-type star, implying that it is hotter and more massive than the Sun. The apparent magnitude of the star is +10.54, which means that it can only be visible through the telescope. The absolute magnitude of +3.36 is brighter than the Sun's +4.83, meaning that the star itself is brighter than the Sun. A search for a binary companion star using adaptive optics at the MMT Observatory turned out negative.

Blanco 1 is a nearby open cluster of stars located around 850 light years away from the Sun in the southern constellation of Sculptor near the star ζ Sculptoris. It was discovered by Puerto Rican astronomer Víctor Manuel Blanco in 1949, who noticed an unusually high proportion of A-type stars in an area spanning 1.5°. This cluster is relatively young, with an age of about 100–150 million years. It is positioned at a high galactic latitude of b = –79.3° and is located some 780 ly (240 pc) below the galactic plane.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">TRAPPIST-1d</span> Small Venus-like exoplanet orbiting TRAPPIST-1

TRAPPIST-1d, also designated as 2MASS J23062928-0502285 d, is a small exoplanet, which orbits on the inner edge of the habitable zone of the ultracool dwarf star TRAPPIST-1, located 40.7 light-years away from Earth in the constellation of Aquarius. The exoplanet was found by using the transit method, in which the dimming effect that a planet causes as it crosses in front of its star is measured. The first signs of the planet were announced in 2016, but it wasn't until the following years that more information concerning the probable nature of the planet was obtained. TRAPPIST-1d is the second-least massive planet of the system and is likely to have a compact hydrogen-poor atmosphere similar to Venus, Earth, or Mars. It receives just 4.3% more sunlight than Earth, placing it on the inner edge of the habitable zone. It has about <5% of its mass as a volatile layer, which could consist of atmosphere, oceans, and/or ice layers. A 2018 study by the University of Washington concluded that TRAPPIST-1d might be a Venus-like exoplanet with an uninhabitable atmosphere. The planet is an eyeball planet candidate.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">EBLM J0555-57</span> Triple star system in the constellation Pictor

EBLM J0555-57 is a triple star system approximately 670 light-years from Earth. EBLM J0555-57Ab, the smallest star in the system, orbits its primary star with a period of 7.8 days, and currently is the smallest known star with a mass sufficient to enable the fusion of hydrogen in its core.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">TOI-1338</span> Binary star system in the constellation Pictor

TOI-1338 is a binary star system located in the constellation Pictor, about 1,320 light-years from Earth. It is orbited by two known circumbinary planets, TOI-1338 b, discovered by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) and BEBOP-1c, discovered by the Binaries Escorted By Orbiting Planets project.

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WASP-69, also named Wouri, is a K-type main-sequence star 164 light-years away. Its surface temperature is 4782±15 K. WASP-69 is slightly enriched in heavy elements compared to the Sun, with a metallicity Fe/H index of 0.10±0.01, and is much younger than the Sun at 2 billion years. The data regarding starspot activity of WASP-69 are inconclusive, but spot coverage of the photosphere may be very high.

WASP-84, also known as BD+02 2056, is a G-type main-sequence star 327 light-years away in the constellation Hydra. Its surface temperature is 5350±31 K and is slightly enriched in heavy elements compared to the Sun, with a metallicity Fe/H index of 0.05±0.02. It is rich in carbon and depleted of oxygen. WASP-84's age is probably older than the Sun at 8.5+4.1
−5.5 billion years. The star appears to have an anomalously small radius, which can be explained by the unusually high helium fraction or by it being very young.

WASP-90 is a faint 11th magnitude star located in the northern constellation Equuleus. With an apparent magnitude of 11.63, it is too faint to be detected with the naked eye, but can be seen with a telescope, and is located 1,540 ly (470 pc) from the Solar System.

References

  1. ↑ Croswell, Ken (July 2003), "The Brightest Red Dwarf", Sky & Telescope: 32, retrieved 2019-08-31.
  2. 1 2 Marietta DiChristina (September 1998). "Other Worlds". Popular Science. pp. 77–79.
  3. 1 2 Delfosse, Xavier; Forveille, Thierry; Mayor, Michel; Perrier, Christian; Naef, Dominique; Queloz, Didier (1998). "The closest extrasolar planet. A giant planet around the M4 dwarf GL 876". Astronomy and Astrophysics . 338: L67–L70. arXiv: astro-ph/9808026 . Bibcode:1998A&A...338L..67D.
  4. ↑ Deborah Williams-Hedges (13 January 2012). "Tiny planet triplets orbit dwarf star". Futurity.
  5. ↑ von Boetticher, Alexander; Triaud, Amaury H. M. J.; Queloz, Didier; Gill, Sam; Lendl, Monika; Delrez, Laetitia; Anderson, David R.; Cameron, Andrew Collier; Faedi, Francesca; Gillon, Michaël; Chew, Yilen Gómez Maqueo; Hebb, Leslie; Hellier, Coel; Jehin, Emmanuël; Maxted, Pierre F. L. (August 2017). "The EBLM project III. A Saturn-size low-mass star at the hydrogen-burning limit". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 604: L6. arXiv: 1706.08781 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201731107. ISSN   0004-6361.
  6. ↑ Hartigan, Patrick; Kenyon, Scott (2003-01-20). "A Spectroscopic Survey of Subarcsecond Binaries in the Taurus-Auriga Dark Cloud with the Hubble Space Telescope". The Astrophysical Journal. 583 (1): 334–357. doi:10.1086/345293. ISSN   0004-637X.
  7. 1 2 Filippazzo, Joseph C.; Rice, Emily L.; Faherty, Jacqueline; Cruz, Kelle L.; Gordon, Mollie M. Van; Looper, Dagny L. (September 2015). "Fundamental Parameters and Spectral Energy Distributions of Young and Field Age Objects with Masses Spanning the Stellar to Planetary Regime". The Astrophysical Journal. 810 (2): 158. arXiv: 1508.01767 . Bibcode:2015ApJ...810..158F. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/810/2/158. ISSN   0004-637X. S2CID   89611607.
  8. ↑ Martin, Pierre-Yves (2023). "Planet Kepler-80 b". Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia . Retrieved 2023-11-01.
  9. 1 2 3 I.S. Glass (2007). "The Discovery of the Nearest Star". Monthly Notes of the Astronomical Society of South Africa (published December 2007). 66 (11 and 12): 244–262. Bibcode:2007MNSSA..66..244G.
  10. ↑ Kilic, Mukremin; Gianninas, Alexandros; von Hippel, Ted (2013-08-19). "Moving Objects in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field". The Astrophysical Journal. 774 (1): 88. arXiv: 1307.5067 . Bibcode:2013ApJ...774...88K. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/774/1/88. ISSN   0004-637X. S2CID   118470451.
  11. ↑ "SKY-MAP.ORG - Interactive Sky Map". www.wikisky.org. Retrieved 2023-11-01.
  12. ↑ Ken Croswell (July 2002). "The Brightest Red Dwarf". Sky and Telescope. p. 38.
  13. ↑ David Tytell (2013). "Lalande 21185: The Brightest Red Dwarf for the Rest of Us" (PDF).{{cite magazine}}: Cite magazine requires |magazine= (help)
  14. 1 2 Liz Kruesi (28 November 2005). "The discoverers of Kapteyn's Star". Astronomy Magazine (published January 2006).
  15. ↑ Peter van de Kamp (April 1953). "Stars Nearer than Five Parsecs". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 65 (383): 73–77. Bibcode:1953PASP...65...73V. doi: 10.1086/126538 .
  16. ↑ "Barnard's star | Distance, Facts, & Planet". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2019-11-13.
  17. 1 2 Eric Mack (11 July 2017). "Saturn-sized star is the smallest ever discovered". cnet.
  18. 1 2 "Smallest-ever star discovered by astronomers". University of Cambridge. 2017.
  19. 1 2 Alexander von Boetticher; Amaury H.M.J. Triaud; Didier Queloz; Sam Gill; Monika Lendl; Laetitia Delrez; David R. Anderson; Andrew Collier Cameron; Francesca Faedi; Michaël Gillon; Yilen Gómez Maqueo Chew; Leslie Hebb; Coel Hellier; Emmanuël Jehin; Pierre F.L. Maxted; David V. Martin; Francesco Pepe; Don Pollacco; Damien Ségransan; Barry Smalley; Stéphane Udry; Richard West (12 June 2017). "The EBLM project; III. A Saturn-size low-mass star at the hydrogen-burning limit". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 604 (6): L6. arXiv: 1706.08781 . Bibcode:2017A&A...604L...6V. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201731107. S2CID   54610182. EBLM_III.
  20. 1 2 Garmany, Katy. "NOAO/SOAR: Where do stars end and brown dwarfs begin?". National Optical Astronomy Observatory. Retrieved 14 December 2013.
  21. 1 2 John Bochanski (23 December 2013). "New Cutoff for Star Sizes". Sky and Telescope.
  22. 1 2 Sergio B. Dieterich; Todd J. Henry; Wei-Chun Jao; Jennifer G. Winters; Altonio D. Hosey; Adric R. Riedel; John P. Subasavage (May 2014). "The Solar Neighborhood XXXII. The Hydrogen Burning Limit". The Astronomical Journal. 147 (5): 25. arXiv: 1312.1736 . Bibcode:2014AJ....147...94D. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/147/5/94. S2CID   21036959. 94.
  23. ↑ Robert Roy Britt (3 March 2005). "Newfound Star Smaller than Some Planets". Space.com.
  24. ↑ Jonathan O'Callaghan; Josh Barker (National Space Centre) (22 March 2013). "What is the smallest star?". SpaceAnswers.com.
  25. ↑ Pont, F.; Melo, C. H. F.; Bouchy, F.; Udry, S.; Queloz, D.; Mayor, M.; Santos, N. C. (27 January 2005). "A planet-sized transiting star around OGLE-TR-122. Accurate mass and radius near the hydrogen-burning limit". Astronomy and Astrophysics (published April 2005). 433 (2): L21–L24. arXiv: astro-ph/0501611 . Bibcode:2005A&A...433L..21P. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200500025. S2CID   14799999.
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