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A number of political parties in Nepal strive to provide ethnic group(s) with better living conditions within the country, counter discrimination, or some sort of autonomy for various regions or ethnic groups. The following is a list of those parties with this explicitly stated goal.
Janata (janatā), is a Hindi word for "the populace"; or "the people". Following the first Janata coalition in the 1970s between the Lok Dal, the Congress (O) and the Socialist Party, it has become part of the name of a number of federal- and state-level, present and historical, political parties in India or neighbouring states, including:
Upendra Yadav is a Nepalese politician who served as the chairman of the People's Socialist Party, Nepal from 2020 until 2023.
The Terai Madhesh Loktantrik Party was a political party in Nepal, formed by former Minister and Nepali Congress national treasurer Mahantha Thakur. This party was once the biggest Madhesh based party with a strong base in Terai region of Nepal. The foundation of the party was announced on December 27, 2007. This party was made by Thakur with a popular slogan "Mare to Mukti, jiye to Madhesh" meaning if I will live, I will fight for Madhesh and if I will get salvation. This was very popular and is popular till date. The party had four members in the interim parliament including Thakur.
Dalit Janajati Party is a political party in Nepal. In the 2008 Constituent Assembly election, the party won 1 seat through the Proportional Representation vote.
Rastriya Janamukti Partry is a political party in Nepal. The party was founded on 6 May 1990 as Nepal Rastriya Janamukti Morcha. After unification with Rastriya Jana Party on 20 January 1992, the unified party adopted the name, Rastriya Janamukti Party.
Sadbhavana Party is a political party in Nepal. The party emerged from a major split in the Nepal Sadbhavana Party (Anandidevi) in the summer of 2007. Laxman Lal Karna was the joint chair of the party.
United Democratic Madhesi Front was a political alliance of Madhesh-based political parties in Nepal created for the Madhes Movement. It was formed in 2008 by Madhesi Jana Adhikar Forum, Nepal, Nepal Sadbhavana Party and Terai Madhes Loktantrik Party.
Hridayesh Tripathi is a Nepalese politician, belonging to the People's Progressive Party. He's also the current chairman of the party.
The Nepal Sadbhavana Party was a political party in Nepal that worked for rights of the Madhesi people and discriminated communities and groups of Nepal.
The Loktantrik Janata Dal (LJD) was an unrecognized registered political party in India. It was nationally launched by Sharad Yadav and Ali Anwar in May 2018. The party was formed after Yadav parted ways from Janata Dal (United), due to its alliance with Bharatiya Janata Party in Bihar. It merged with Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD) on 20 March 2022.
The Terai Madhesh Sadbhavana Party Nepal was a political party in Nepal. It was led by Mahendra Raya Yadav. It was formed through the merger of Terai Madhesh Loktantrik Party Nepal, a splinter group of Terai Madhesh Loktantrik Party and Rastriya Sadbhavana Party, a splinter group of Sadbhavana Party.
A number of political parties operate in the Indian state of Jharkhand. Some of them are organised nationally, and others within the region.
The Rastriya Janata Party, Nepal, abbr. RJPN was the fourth-largest political party in Nepal after the Nepali Congress, the Nepal Communist Party and the Samajbadi Party, Nepal. It was formed on 21 April 2017 after the merger of Tarai Madhes Loktantrik Party, led by the Mahantha Thakur, Terai Madhes Sadbhawana Party, led by the Mahendra Raya Yadav, Sadbhavana Party, led by the Rajendra Mahato, Nepal Sadbhawana Party, led by the Anil Kumar Jha, Madhesi Jana Adhikar Forum (Republican), led by Rajkishor Yadav and Rastriya Madhesh Samajwadi Party, led by Sharat Singh Bhandari. The party was founded with the ideology of democratic system.
The Nepal Loktantrik Forum was a political party in Nepal. The party was established on April 5, 2017, after merging with the Madheshi Jana Adhikar Forum (Democratic), the Rastriya Janamukti Party (Democratic), and the Dalit Janajati Party.
Nepal Federal Socialist Party is a political party in Nepal. The party was formed on 17 December 2016 by Mohammad Rizwan Ansari.
The People's Socialist Party, Nepal, also known as Janata Samajbadi Party is the sixth-largest political party in Nepal. Since the 2022 local election, the party has been limited to stand only as the third largest party of Madhesh Province after the Nepali Congress and CPN (UML) respectively. Recently the party faced multiple splits under Mahantha Thakur, Baburam Bhattarai, Mahendra Ray Yadav and Resham Lal Chaudhary.
Uma Shankar Aragriya is a Nepalese politician belonging to the CPN (UML) who served as the Minister of Culture, Tourism and Civil Aviation since 4 June 2021 but was removed from the post by Supreme Court on 22 June 2021 making the tenure of just 18 days and shortest till date. He was also a member of the 1st Federal Parliament of Nepal after winning in 2017 Nepalese general election from Dhanusha 2 constituency. Arglariya formerly a popular leader, is thought to join Nepali Congress as his party, Loktantrik Samajwadi Party went clean swept in Dhanusha district in recent local level election.
The Loktantrik Samajwadi Party, Nepal, is the sixth largest political party in Nepal. The party was officially registered at Election Commission, Nepal on 18 August 2021. Mahantha Thakur is the president of the new party. The party was formed after split in PSP-N to join KP Oli led government. Currently, the party stands as the fourth largest party of Madhesh province after Nepali Congress, CPN (UML) and Janata Samajbadi respectively.
The Madhesi Jana Adhikar Forum, Nepal (Loktantrik), was a political party in Nepal. It existed as one of the important political force during the constituent assembly. Later the party merged with several other parties to become the largest Madhesh/Tharuhath based party, Nepal Loktantrik Forum.
