List of smallest stars

Last updated

This is a list of stars which are the least voluminous known (the smallest stars by volume).

Contents

List

Notable small stars

This is a list of small stars that are notable for characteristics that are not separately listed.

Star nameStar mean radius, kilometres Star classNotesReferences
CXOU J085201.4-461753 1.2 Neutron star [1]
PSR B0943+10 2.6 Pulsar (quark star?)Neutron stars are stellar remnants produced when a star of around 8–9 solar masses or more explodes in a supernova at the end of its life. They are usually produced by stars of less than 20 solar masses, although a more massive star may produce a neutron star in certain cases. PSR B0943+10 is one of the least massive stars, with 0.02 solar masses. [2]
CXO J232327.9+584842 2.7 Neutron star [1]
RX J0720.4−3125 5
PSR B1257+12 10 Pulsar Orbited by three planets. [3]
PSR B0531+21 (Crab pulsar)10Relatively young at 999 years old as of June 2023. [4]
Geminga 10 [5]
Vela pulsar 10 [6]
XTE J1739-285 10.9 Pulsar (quark star?) [7]
PSR J0348+0432 A13 ± 2 Pulsar Orbited by a white dwarf star (see below) [8]
PSR J1748-2446ad <16Fastest-spinning pulsar known. [9]
RX J1856.5−3754 19 Neutron star Closest neutron star discovered to date. [10]
PSR B1620-26 A24 Pulsar An exoplanet orbits PSR B1620-26 A and its white dwarf companion (see below) in a circumbinary orbit.
XTE J1650-500 B24 Black hole This binary X-ray transient system, XTE J1650-500, component black hole, at 3.8 solar masses, is smaller than the previous recordholder GRO J1655-40 B of 6.3 MSun in the microquasar system GRO J1655-40. [11]
HD 49798 1,600 White dwarf One of the smallest white dwarf stars known. [12]
ZTF J1901+1458 1,809Currently the most massive white dwarf known. [13]
GRW +70 8247 3,300 [14]
BPM 37093 3,965.5
IK Pegasi B4,174The nearest supernova candidate. (Type Ia) [15]
Sirius B 5,466Historically first detected white dwarf star [16]
LB 1497 5,494.5 [17]
40 Eridani B5,547.5
U Geminorum white dwarf5,565 [18]
Gliese 915 6,748.3 [19]
AR Scorpii 6,950The only known white dwarf pulsar [20]
LP 145-141 6,9504th nearest white dwarf. [21]
PSR B1620-26 B6,950An exoplanet orbits PSR B1620-26 B and its pulsar companion (see above) in a circumbinary orbit.
G 29-38 6,950 [22]
Van Maanen 2 7,6503rd nearest white dwarf. [23]
QS Virginis A7,658
Stein 2051 B7,930 [24]
Ross 548 (ZZ Ceti)8,209 [25]
Procyon B8,595Second nearest white dwarf. [26]
GD 165 A8,626.5 [25]
ESO 439-26 8,775.5Faintest known white dwarf. [27]
Wolf 489 9,044 [28]
HD 44120 C9,044 [29]
WD 1856+534 9,113.67 [30]
Epsilon Reticuli B9,185 [31]
RR Caeli white dwarf10,908.5 [32]
WD 1145+017 13,926.84Host star of one of the smallest exoplanets. [33]
NN Serpentis white dwarf14,679.5 [34]
Central star of the Dumbbell Nebula 38,265 [35]
PSR J0348+0432 B 45,268A white dwarf that orbits its pulsar companion (see above) [8]
WISE J1810–1010 46,840 Brown dwarf Smallest known brown dwarf. [36]
EPIC 201702477  [ fr ]54,120 [37]
Epsilon Indi Ba55,656 [38]
LHS 6343 C55,978 [39]
Epsilon Indi Bb57,050 [38]
54 Piscium B57,050 [40]
2MASS J1126−5003 57,193.5 [41]
UGPS J0521+3640 57,193.5
SSSPM J2356-3426 58,160 Red dwarf The smallest red dwarf. [42]
EBLM J0555-57Ab 60,000This red dwarf has a size comparable to that of the planet Saturn. As of 2019, it is the second lightest hydrogen-fusing star known, marginally heavier (0.0777-0.0852M☉) than the 2MASS J0523-1403. Although its mass is comparable to that of TRAPPIST-1, its radius is 1/3 smaller. [43] [44] [45]
Luhman 16 A60,768 Brown dwarf Luhman 16 A and Luhman 16 B are the closest brown dwarf stars to Earth, and the third-nearest star system to the Solar System. [lower-alpha 1]
SSSPM J0829-130961,300 Red dwarf An L2 dwarf that is fusing hydrogen. Similarly to 2MASS J0523-1403, SSSPM J0829-1309 is one of the least luminous and massive hydrogen-fusing stars, and is smaller than Jupiter. [46] [47]
WISE 1405+5534 61,483 Brown dwarf [48]
2MASS 0939-2448 B62,600 [49]
UGPS 0722-05 63,340Possibly a rogue planet [50]
2MASS 0243−2453 64,000 [51]
2MASS J0348−6022 64,700 [52]
SDSS J1416+1348 A65,772.5 [53]
WISEPC J205628.90+145953.3 66,487.5 [48]
WISE 1738+2732 66,487.5 [54]
SCR 1845−6357 A66,790 Red dwarf
2MASS 0937+2931 67,200 Brown dwarf [55]
SDSS J1416+1348 B67,200 [56]
DENIS J081730.0−615520 67,200 [55]
Kelu-1 B67,900
Kelu-1 A68,180
DENIS 0255−4700 69,600 [57]
R Aquarii B69,600 White dwarf Part of a symbiotic binary star system containing a red giant and a white dwarf. [58]
HN Pegasi B70,265 Brown dwarf [59]
2MASS J0523-1403 70,600 Red dwarf As in 2019, with mass 67.54±12.79MJ (0.0523-0.0767M☉) is the lowest known mass hydrogen-burning star. [60] [46] [55]
GD 165 B71,492 Brown dwarf [61]
DENIS-P J1058.7−1548 71,492 [62]
LHS 2924 71,657 Red dwarf [63]
2MASS 0036+1821 72,200 Brown dwarf [55]
Luhman 16 B74,350Luhman 16 B and Luhman 16 A are the closest brown dwarf stars to Earth, and the third-nearest star system to the Solar System. [lower-alpha 1]
Teegarden's Star 74,439.9 Red dwarf Has two potentially habitable planets [42]
DENIS J1048−3956 75,135.5 [64]
DX Cancri 76,527 [65]
LHS 292 76,527 [66]
TVLM 513-46546 76,527Has one confirmed exoplanet
Gliese 229 B79,000 Brown dwarf
OGLE-TR-122B 81,100 Red dwarf This was once the smallest known actively fusing star, when found in 2005, through 2013. It is the smallest eclipsing red dwarf, and smallest observationally measured diameter. [67] [68] [69]
CoRoT-15b 82,200 Brown dwarf [70]
VB 10 82,300 Red dwarf [71]
TRAPPIST-1 82,925Hosts a planetary system with at least seven rocky planets. [72]
LHS 2090 83,500 [73]
VB 8 84,450 [71]
2MASS 0939-2448 A87,220 Brown dwarf [74]
Gliese 412 B 90,400 Red dwarf [75]
Gliese 1002 95,310Has two confirmed exoplanets [76]
Wolf 359 100,180.8 [71]
NN Serpentis red dwarf103,660 [77]
NY Virginis A105,050 B-type subdwarf [78]
Gliese 1061 105,746.4 Red dwarf Has three confirmed exoplanets, two of them are in the habitable zone. [71]
LP 890-9 106,580Has two confirmed exoplanets, one of them (LP 890-9c) is in the habitable zone. [79]
Proxima Centauri 107,277This is the nearest neighbouring star to the Sun. [80]
Luyten 726-8 B (UV Ceti)110,615The archetypal type of the flare stars. [81]
NY Virginis B111,300 [82]
TZ Arietis 112,000Has one confirmed exoplanet [83]
Luyten 726-8 A (BL Ceti)114,790 [81]
YZ Ceti 116,877.5Has three confirmed exoplanets [84]
UY Sextantis 118,250 B-type subdwarf [85]
Kepler-42 121,750 Red dwarf Has three confirmed exoplanets [86]
EZ Aquarii A (Luyten 789-6 A)121,750 [87]
HW Virginis B121,835 [88]
Gliese 1151 123,900Has one confirmed exoplanet [89]
Groombridge 34 B125,200 [90]
Wolf 1069 126,130Has one confirmed potentially habitable exoplanet [91]
HW Virginis A127,404.6 B-type subdwarf [88]
Gliese 3323 129,539.5 Red dwarf Has two confirmed exoplanets [42]
Barnard's Star 130,100The star with the highest proper motion, [92] and the second-nearest star system to the Solar system. [93]
Ross 248 132,183 [75]
Alpha Mensae B132,200 [94]
Ross 128 136,844Has one confirmed exoplanet [95]
LTT 1445 C137,050 [96]
Kepler-70 141,225 B-type subdwarf Has two unconfirmed exoplanets, which may be the hottest exoplanets known. [97]
RR Caeli red dwarf141,225 Red dwarf
Gliese 1214 141,922Has a confirmed exoplanet [71]
Gliese 754 142,618.5 [98]
LHS 1140 142,618.5Has two confirmed exoplanets [71]
EZ Aquarii B (Luyten 789-6 B)146,100 [99]
Gliese 1132 149,575Has two confirmed exoplanets [71]
LSR J1835+3259 150,133 Brown dwarf [100]
CT Chamaeleontis B157,282.4
Kepler-1649 161,400 Red dwarf Has two confirmed exoplanets [101]
LTT 1445 B164,185 [96]
CM Draconis B166,689.72 [102]
Ross 695 167,000 [103]
Ross 154 167,000 [104]
Kruger 60 B167,000 [105]
2M1207 A173,925 Brown dwarf Has one confirmed exoplanet [106]
CM Draconis A176,000 Red dwarf [107]
AM Herculis red dwarf180,882 [108]
Z Andromedae B184,530.63 White dwarf Largest known white dwarf. Part of a symbiotic binary star system containing a red giant and a white dwarf. [109]
55 Cancri B186,447.5 Red dwarf [110]
LTT 1445 A188,500Has three confirmed exoplanets, one of them is in the habitable zone [111]
Struve 2398 B189,925 [75]
Gliese 105 B193,405 [75]
LHS 475 194,030.5Has one confirmed exoplanet [112]
HR 7703 B194,800 [105]
Mu Cassiopeiae Ab201,750 [113]
Kapteyn's Star 202,448.7This is the closest halo star to the Sun. [114]
Stein 2051 A203,150 [115]
Gliese 581 215,650Has three confirmed exoplanets [71]
40 Eridani C215,650 [116]
Wolf 1061 221,900Has three confirmed exoplanets [71]
Xi Ursae Majoris Ab222,600 [117]
YZ Canis Minoris 225,400 [83]
Wolf 437 (Gar)228,190Has one confirmed exoplanet [118]
Gliese 1 229,580 [119]
Gliese 667 C234,450.9Has two confirmed exoplanets [71]
Luyten's Star 243,500Has two confirmed exoplanets and other two unconfirmed [120]
Kruger 60 A243,500 [105]
Struve 2398 A246,300 [71]
EV Lacertae 250,500 [121]
Theta Cygni B250,500 [122]
Gliese 251 253,235Has one confirmed exoplanet [123]
AT Microscopii B257,400 [124]
Regulus C257,400 [125]
Gliese 876 258,800Has four confirmed exoplanets [71]
LHS 6343 A259,495 [39]
Gliese 412 A264,400 [75]
Groombridge 34 A267,800 [71]
L 34-26 270,000It hosts the exoplanet with the longest known orbital period, COCONUTS-2b, which takes about 1.1 million years to complete an orbit around its star.

[126]

[127]
Teide 1 270,240 Brown dwarf [128] [129]
AD Leonis 271,323 Red dwarf [130]
Gliese 908 271,323 [103]
HIP 79431 (Sharjah)272,000Has one confirmed exoplanet [131]
Lalande 21185 273,500 [132]
LHS 6343 B274,100 [39]
Gliese 179 278,300Has two confirmed exoplanets [42]
KOI-4777 278,300Has one confirmed exoplanet [133]
Gliese 163 284,550Has five confirmed exoplanets [71]
AT Microscopii A285,250 [124]
Gliese 588 292,200 [134]
Gliese 686 292,200Has a confirmed exoplanet [135]
TOI 700 292,200Has four confirmed exoplanets [136]
QS Virginis B292,404
Gliese 180 294,211.5Has two confirmed exoplanets [42]
Gliese 408 299,150 [105]
Gliese 3634 299,150Has a confirmed exoplanet [137]
U Geminorum red dwarf299,150 [18]
Gliese 436 300,542Has a confirmed exoplanet [71]
Sigma Coronae Borealis C304,000 [138]
WR 93b 306,108 Wolf-Rayet [139]
Gliese 832 307,500 Red dwarf Has two exoplanets [71]
Gliese 877 307,500 [140]
Tabby's Star B313,065 [141]
Gliese 521 327,000 [142]
Lacaille 9352 329,750Has two confirmed exoplanets and one unconfirmed [71]

Smallest stars by type

List of the smallest stars by star type
TypeStar nameRadius
Solar radii
(Sun = 1)		Radius
Jupiter radii
(Jupiter = 1)		Radius
Earth radii
(Earth = 1)		Radius
(km / mi)		DateNotesReferences
Red dwarf EBLM J0555-57Ab 0.0840.849.4160,000 km (37,000 mi)2017The red dwarf stars are considered the smallest stars known, and representative of the smallest star possible. [43] [44] [45]
Brown dwarf WISEA 1810−1010 0.0670.6557.2946,840 km (29,110 mi)Brown dwarfs are not massive enough to build up the pressure in the central regions to allow nuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium. They are best described as extremely massive gas giants that were not able to ignite into a hydrogen-fusing star. [36]
White dwarf HD 49798 0.00230.0230.251,600 km (990 mi)2021White dwarfs are stellar remnants produced when a star with around 8 solar masses or less sheds its outer layers into a planetary nebula. The leftover core becomes the white dwarf. It is thought that white dwarfs cool down over quadrillions of years to produce a black dwarf. [12]
Neutron star CXOU J085201.4-461753 0.00000170.0000170.000191.2 km

(0.75 mi)

1968Neutron stars are stellar remnants produced when stars with around 9 solar masses or more explode in supernovae at the ends of their lives. They are usually produced by stars with less than 20 solar masses, although a more massive star may produce a neutron star in certain cases.
Stellar-mass black hole XTE J1650-500 B 0.00003448280.0003357020.0037628524 km (15 mi)2008Black holes are stellar remnants usually produced when extremely massive stars explode in a supernova or hypernova at the end of their lives. [11]

Timeline of smallest red dwarf star recordholders

Red dwarfs are considered the smallest star known that are active fusion stars, and are the smallest stars possible that is not a brown dwarf.

List of smallest red dwarf titleholders
Star nameDateRadius
Solar radii
(Sun = 1)		Radius
Jupiter radii
(Jupiter = 1)		Radius
km
(mi)		Notes
SSSPM J2356-3426 2020-Today0.08360.83258,161 kilometres (36,140 mi)
EBLM J0555-57Ab 2017-20200.0840.8460,000 km (37,000 mi)This star has a size comparable to that of Saturn. [43] [44] [45]
2MASS J0523-1403 2013-20170.1021.0170,600 km (43,900 mi)Lowest mass main sequence star as in 2020. [60] [46] [143] [55]
OGLE-TR-122B 2005-20130.1171.1681,100 km (50,400 mi) [67] [68] [69]

Notes

  1. 1 2 From : , where is the luminosity, is the radius, is the effective surface temperature and is the Stefan–Boltzmann constant.

Related Research Articles

HD 63454, formally named Ceibo, is a star located in the southern circumpolar constellation Chamaeleon near the border with Mensa To see the star, one needs a small telescope because it has an apparent magnitude of 9.36, which is below the limit for naked eye visibility. The object is located relatively close at a distance of 123 light years based on Gaia DR3 parallax measurements but is receding with a heliocentric radial velocity of 33.8 km/s. At its current distance, HD 63454's brightness is diminished by two tenths of a magnitude due to interstellar dust. It has an absolute magnitude of +6.68.

HD 20782 is the primary of a wide binary system located in the southern constellation Fornax. It has an apparent magnitude of 7.38, making it readily visible in binoculars but not to the naked eye. The system is located relatively close at a distance of 117 light-years based on Gaia DR3 parallax measurements, but it is receding with a heliocentric radial velocity of 40.7 km/s. At its current distance, HD 20782's brightness is diminished by 0.12 magnitudes due to interstellar extinction and it has an absolute magnitude of +4.61.

2MASS J03552337+1133437 is a nearby brown dwarf of spectral type L5γ, located in constellation Taurus at approximately 29.8 light-years from Earth.

HD 46588 is a star in the northern circumpolar constellation Camelopardalis. It has an apparent magnitude of 5.44, allowing it to be faintly seen with the naked eye. The object is relatively close at a distance of only 59 light years but is receding with a heliocentric radial velocity of 15 km/s.

HD 194012 is a star in the equatorial constellation Delphinus. It has an apparent magnitude of 6.15, making it visible to the naked eye under ideal conditions. The star is relatively close at a distance of only 85 light years but is receding with a heliocentric radial velocity of 4.5 km/s.

HR 8526, also known as HD 212168, is the primary of a triple star located in the southern circumpolar constellation Octans. The star and its companion have apparent magnitudes of 6.12 and 9.36 respectively. The system is located relatively close at a distance of 76 light years based on Gaia DR3 parallax measurements, but is receding with a heliocentric radial velocity of 15 km/s.

References

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  3. ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-02-12. Retrieved 2017-10-26.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
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  11. 1 2 Andrea Thompson (1 April 2008). "Smallest Black Hole Found". Space.com.
  12. 1 2 Mereghetti, S.; Pintore, F.; Rauch, T.; La Palombara, N.; Esposito, P.; Geier, S.; Pelisoli, I.; Rigoselli, M.; Schaffenroth, V.; Tiengo, A. (April 10, 2021). "New X-ray observations of the hot subdwarf binary HD 49798/RX J0648.0–4418". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 504: 920–925. arXiv: 2104.03867 . doi:10.1093/mnras/stab1004.
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