List of tone rows and series

Last updated

This is a list of tone rows and series. For a list of unordered collections, see set (music), Forte number, list of set classes, and trope (music).

Contents

Twelve tone rows

Row form Integers Interval
classes
NotationComposer: CompositionYear Hexa-chord IHexa-chord II Derivation/ Combina-toriality
P:0 1 2 e t 9
5 4 3 6 7 8
1 1 3 1 1 4 1 1 3 1 1 Anton Webern:
Op. 32, later row [1]
un-
finished
6-1 6-1
I:0 e t 1 2 3
7 8 9 6 5 4
P:0 1 3 5 6 2
4 8 7 9 e t
1 2 2 1 4 2 4 1 2 2 1 Igor Stravinsky:
Abraham & Isaac [2] [3]
19636-Z36-Z36
I:0 e 9 7 6 t
8 4 5 3 1 2
P:0 1 3 6 7 9
8 t e 2 4 5
1 2 3 1 2 1 2 1 3 2 1 Arnold Schoenberg:
Serenade, op. 24, mov. 5 [4]
1920–23 6-30 6-30 derived: 3-3
I:0 e 9 6 5 3
4 2 1 t 8 7
P:0 1 3 8 4 9
t 7 6 5 e 2
1 2 5 4 5 1 3 1 1 6 3
Play Berg - Chamber Concerto twelve-tone material.png
Play
Alban Berg:
Kammerkonzert [5]
1923–256-Z19 6-Z44 cryptogram: "Schoenberg"
I:0 e 9 4 8 3
2 5 6 7 1 t
P:0 1 3 9 2 e
4 t 7 8 5 6
1 2 6 5 3 5 6 3 1 3 1 Arnold Schoenberg:
Suite for Piano, op. 25 [6] [7] [8] [9]
1921–236-26-2
I:0 e 9 3 t 1
8 2 5 4 7 6
P:0 1 4 2 9 5
e 3 8 t 7 6
1 3 2 5 4 6 4 5 2 3 1Pohlman Mallalieu [10] [11]

Robert Morris:
Not Lilacs [10]

n.a.

1973

6-146-14all-interval, RT6-invariant
I:0 e 8 t 3 7
1 9 4 2 5 6
P:0 1 4 3 2 5
6 9 8 7 t e
1 3 1 1 3 1 3 1 1 3 1
Play Webern Variations op. 30 tone row.png
Play
Anton Webern:
Variations for Orchestra, Op. 30 [12] [3] [13]
1940 6-1 6-1 all-
combinatorial
I:0 e 8 9 t 7
6 3 4 5 2 1
P:0 1 4 3 2 5
6 9 8 e t 7
1 3 1 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 Igor Stravinsky:
Agon , "Pas de deux", "Four trios" [2] [14]
1957 6-1 6-1 all-
combinatorial
I:0 e 8 9 t 7
6 3 4 1 2 5
P:0 1 4 3 7 6
e 2 t 9 5 8
1 3 1 4 1 5 3 4 1 4 3 Arnold Schoenberg:
Die Jakobsleiter [15]
un-
finished
6-Z136-Z42
I:0 e 8 9 5 6
1 t 2 3 7 4
P:0 1 4 5 8 7
6 3 2 7 e t
1 3 1 3 1 1 3 1 5 4 1 Walter Piston:
Symphony No. 8 (first movement) [16]
19656-Z196-Z44
I:0 e 8 7 4 5
6 9 t 5 1 2
P:0 1 4 5 7 6
8 9 t e 2 3
1 3 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 3 1 Roger Reynolds:
Ambages [17]
19656-56-5
I:0 1 4 5 7 6
8 9 t e 2 3
P:0 1 4 6 8 t
5 7 9 e 2 3
1 3 2 2 2 5 2 2 2 3 1 Ernst Krenek:
Lamentatio Jeremiae Prophetae, Op. 93, row 3 [18]
1940–41 6-34 6-34 RI-symmetry
I:0 e 8 6 4 2
7 5 3 1 t 9
P:0 1 4 9 5 8
3 t 2 e 6 7
1 3 5 4 3 5 5 4 3 5 1 Milton Babbitt:
Composition for Twelve Instruments [3] [19]
1948 6-20 6-20 dyadic, tri-, tetra-, and hexa- chordal combina-
toriality
I:0 e 8 3 7 4
9 2 t 1 6 5
P:0 1 5 2 6 t
3 8 9 4 7 e
1 4 3 4 4 5 5 1 5 3 4 Edison Denisov:
Fünf Geschichten von Herrn Keuner [20]
19666-Z43 6-Z17 all-trichord hexachord
I:0 e 7 t 6 2
9 4 3 8 5 1
P:0 1 5 8 t 4
3 7 9 2 e 6
1 4 3 2 6 1 4 2 5 3 5 Luigi Dallapiccola:
Quaderno musicale di Annalibera [21]
Variazioni per orchestra
Canti di Liberazione [22]
1952
1954
1951–55
6-316-31
I:0 e 7 4 2 8
9 5 3 t 1 6
P:0 1 6 2 7 9
3 4 t e 5 8
1 5 4 5 2 6 1 6 1 6 3 Arnold Schoenberg:
Violin Concerto, op. 36 [23]
19366-Z506-Z29
I:0 e 6 t 5 3
9 8 2 1 7 4
P:0 1 6 2 t 9
4 7 3 8 e 5
1 5 4 4 1 5 3 4 5 3 6 Arnold Schoenberg:
A Survivor from Warsaw [24] [25]
19476-156-15
I:0 e 6 t 2 3
8 5 9 4 1 7
P:0 1 6 5 7 e
2 t 3 9 8 4
1 5 1 2 4 3 4 5 6 1 4 Milton Babbitt:
All Set [26]
19576-76-7 second-order all-
combinatorial hexachord
I:0 e 6 7 5 1
t 2 9 3 4 8
P:0 1 7 2 3 9
t 8 6 5 e 4
1 6 5 1 6 1 2 2 1 6 5 Edison Denisov:
Viola concerto [27]
19866-Z416-Z12
I:0 e 5 t 9 3
2 4 6 7 1 8
P:0 1 7 5 6 4
t 8 9 e 2 3
1 6 2 1 2 6 2 1 2 3 1
Play Schoenberg - Moses und Aron combinatorial tone rows.png
Play
Arnold Schoenberg:
Moses und Aron [24]
un-
finished
6-56-5inversional
I:0 e 5 7 6 8
2 4 3 1 t 9
P:0 1 7 5 6 e
9 8 t 3 4 2
1 6 2 1 5 2 1 2 5 1 2 Igor Stravinsky:
Movements [2]
1958–596-76-7
I:0 e 5 7 6 1
3 4 2 9 8 t
P:0 1 7 6 8 9
3 2 4 5 e t
1 6 1 2 1 6 1 2 1 6 1 Alberto Ginastera:
Don Rodrigo, Act I, op. 31 [28]
1963–646-56-5
I:0 e 5 6 4 3
9 t 8 7 1 2
P:0 1 7 9 8 6
3 t 2 5 e 4
1 6 2 1 2 3 5 4 3 6 5 Karlheinz Stockhausen:
Plus-Minus [29]
1963 (rev. 1974)6-56-5
I:0 e 5 3 4 6
9 2 t 7 1 8
P:0 1 7 e 8 2
6 5 t 9 3 4
1 6 4 3 6 4 1 5 1 6 1
Play Schoenberg - Tot, Drei Lieder tone row.png
Play
Schoenberg:
"Tot" ["Lifeless"], Drei Lieder , Op. 48 [30]
19336-56-5
I:0 e 5 1 4 t
6 7 2 3 9 8
P:0 1 8 e 7 3
2 5 4 t 9 6
1 5 3 4 4 1 3 1 6 1 3 Karlheinz Stockhausen:
Zeitmaße [31] [32]
1955–566-166-16
I:0 e 4 1 5 9
t 7 8 2 3 6
P:0 1 9 e 3 2
6 7 t 8 4 5
1 4 2 4 1 4 1 3 2 4 1 Anton Webern:
Op. 32, row 1 [33]
un-
finished
6-26-2
I:0 e 3 1 9 t
6 5 2 4 8 7
P:0 1 9 e 3 2
7 6 t 8 4 5
1 4 2 4 1 5 1 4 2 4 1 Anton Webern:
Op. 32, row 2 [33]
un-
finished
6-1 6-1 all-
combinatorial
I:0 e 3 1 9 t
5 6 2 4 8 7
P:0 1 9 e 8 t
4 5 6 2 3 7
1 4 2 3 2 6 1 1 4 1 4
Play Webern - Piano Variations op. 27 tone row.png
Play
Anton Webern:
Variations for piano, mov. II, op. 27 [34] [35]
1936 6-1 6-1 all-
combinatorial
I:0 e 3 1 4 2
8 7 6 t 9 5
P:0 1 9 e t 7
8 3 4 6 5 2
1 4 2 1 3 1 5 1 2 1 3 Igor Stravinsky:
A Sermon, a Narrative and a Prayer [2]
19616-26-2
I:0 e 3 1 2 5
4 9 8 6 7 t
P:0 1 t 2 6 4
5 3 7 e 8 9
1 3 4 4 2 1 2 4 4 3 1 Luigi Dallapiccola:
Dialoghi [36]
6-216-21RI-invariant:
P0 = RI9
I:0 e 2 t 6 8
7 9 5 1 4 3
P:0 1 t 3 4 6
8 9 e 5 7 2
1 3 5 1 2 2 1 2 6 2 5 Chen Yi:
Near Distance [3] [37]
19886-Z236-Z45
I:0 e 2 9 8 6
4 3 1 7 5 t
P:0 1 e 2 t 3
9 4 8 5 7 6
1 2 3 4 5 6 5 4 3 2 1
Play Nono - Il Canto sospeso all-interval series.png
Play
Luigi Nono:
Canti per tredeci
Il canto sospeso [15] [38] [39]
Composizione per orchestra n. 2: Diario polacco ’58
1955
1955–56
1959
6-1 6-1 symmetrical all-interval
row
; all-
combinatorial
I:0 e 1 t 2 9
3 8 4 7 5 6
Play Grossmutterakkord.PNG
Play
Nicolas Slonimsky: Grandmother chord [40] 1938
P:0 2 1 3 8 7
5 6 4 e 9 t
2 1 2 5 1 2 1 2 5 2 1 Joonas Kokkonen:
Symphonic Sketches, mov. 3, row A [41]
19686-Z386-Z6
I:0 t e 9 4 5
7 6 8 1 3 2
P:0 2 1 3 4 6
7 9 8 t 5 e
2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 5 6 Igor Stravinsky:
Agon , second coda [42] [43]
19576-26-2
I:0 t e 9 8 6
5 3 4 2 7 1
Igor Stravinsky:
coda [44]
P:0 2 1 3 4 6
7 9 8 t 5 e
2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 5 6 Igor Stravinsky:
The Flood [2]
19626-Z126-Z41
I:0 t e 5 2 4
3 1 9 8 6 7
P:0 2 1 3 4 6
7 9 8 t 5 e
2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 5 6 Luigi Dallapiccola:
Requiescant [36]
6-56-5RI-invariant:
P0 = RI5
I:0 t e 5 1 4
3 6 2 8 9 7
P:0 2 1 3 4 6
7 9 8 t 5 e
2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 5 6 Alfred Schnittke:
String Quartet No. 1 [3]
1966 6-1 6-1 all-
combinatorial
I:0 t e 2 9 1
7 3 8 5 4 6
P:0 2 3 1 4 5
6 7 8 9 e t
2 1 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 Alban Berg:
Lulu , Schigolch [24] [45]
1934 6-1 6-1 all-
combinatorial
, derived: 4–1
I:0 t 9 e 8 7
6 5 4 3 1 2
P:0 2 3 5 4 9
7 8 t e 1 6
2 1 2 1 5 2 1 2 1 2 5 Igor Stravinsky:
Agon , "Bransles" [44]
19576-Z406-Z11
I:0 t 9 7 8 3
5 4 2 1 e 6
P:0 2 3 5 7 8
e 4 6 t 8 1
2 1 2 2 1 3 5 2 4 2 5
Play Berg - Der Wein series prime form.png
Play
Alban Berg:
"Der Wein" [46]
19296-166-16D harmonic minor & in the inverted row-form added-sixth chord with both major and minor third
I:0 t 9 7 5 4
1 8 6 2 4 e
P:0 2 3 6 8 t
5 7 9 e 1 4
2 1 3 2 2 5 2 2 2 2 3 Ernst Krenek:
Lamentatio Jeremiae Prophetae, Op. 93, row 2 [18]
1940–41 6-34 6-34 RI-symmetry
I:0 t 9 6 4 2
7 5 3 1 e 8
P:0 2 4 5 8 t
6 7 9 e 1 3
2 2 1 3 2 4 1 2 2 2 2 Ernst Krenek:
Lamentatio Jeremiae Prophetae, Op. 93, row 1 [18]
1940–41 6-34 6-34 RI-symmetry
I:0 t 8 7 4 2
6 5 3 1 e 9
P:0 2 4 6 7 t
5 8 9 e 1 3
2 2 2 1 3 5 3 1 2 2 2 Ernst Krenek:
Lamentatio Jeremiae Prophetae, Op. 93, row 6 [18]
1940–41 6-34 6-34 RI-symmetry
I:0 t 8 6 5 2
7 4 3 1 e 9
P:0 2 4 6 8 9
5 7 t e 1 3
2 2 2 2 1 4 2 3 1 2 2 Ernst Krenek:
Lamentatio Jeremiae Prophetae, Op. 93, row 5 [18]
1940–41 6-34 6-34 RI-symmetry
I:0 t 8 6 4 3
7 5 2 1 e 9
P:0 2 4 6 t 8
e 7 9 1 3 5
2 2 2 4 2 3 4 2 4 2 2 Alban Berg:
Lulu [24]
1934 6-35 6-35
I:0 t 8 6 2 4
1 5 3 e 9 7
P:0 2 5 3 t 4
6 1 e 7 8 9
2 3 2 5 6 2 5 2 4 1 1 Igor Stravinsky:
Variations [47] [2] [3] [48] [49] [50] [51] [52]
1963–646-96-9
I:0 t 7 9 2 8
6 e 1 5 4 3
P:0 2 6 4 t 9
7 e 8 5 1 3
2 4 2 6 1 2 4 3 3 4 2 Arnold Schoenberg:
Piano Piece [Klavierstück], op. 33b [24]
1931 6-34 6-34
I:0 t 6 8 2 3
5 1 4 7 e 9
P:0 2 6 t 4 7
8 3 5 9 e 1
2 4 4 6 3 1 5 2 4 2 2
Play Berg - Lulu Schoolboy tone row.png
Play
Alban Berg:
Lulu , Schoolboy [45] [53] [54]
1934 6-34 6-34
I:0 t 6 2 8 5
4 9 7 3 1 e
P:0 2 9 e 8 6
5 7 t 1 4 3
2 5 2 3 2 1 2 3 3 3 1 Igor Stravinsky:
The Owl and the Pussy Cat [2]
19666-Z236-Z45
I:0 t 3 1 4 6
7 5 2 e 8 9
P:0 7 6 5 8 9
4 3 t e 2 1
5 1 1 3 1 5 1 5 1 3 1 Karel Goeyvaerts:
Nummer 2 [55]
19516-Z366-Z3
I:0 5 6 7 4 3
8 9 2 1 t e
P:0 2 t e 1 8
6 7 9 4 3 5
2 4 1 2 5 2 1 2 5 1 2
Play P Stravinsky - Requiem Canticles basic row forms.png
Play P
Igor Stravinsky:
Requiem Canticles , 1st series [2]
19666-26-2
I:0 t 2 1 e 4
6 5 3 8 9 7
P:0 2 e 9 t 1
3 6 4 5 7 8
2 3 2 1 3 2 3 2 1 2 1 Joonas Kokkonen:
Woodwind Quintet, mov. 1 & 2, row A & B [41]
1973 6-1 6-1 all-
combinatorial
I:0 t 1 3 2 e
9 6 8 7 5 4
P:0 2 e 9 t 4
3 7 5 6 8 1
2 3 2 1 6 1 4 2 1 2 5 Arnold Schoenberg:
Dreimal Tausend Jahre, Op. 50a [3]
19496-96-9
I:0 t 1 3 2 8
9 5 7 6 4 e
P:0 3 1 2 4 7
5 6 8 e 9 t
3 2 1 2 3 2 1 2 3 2 1 Arvo Pärt:
Symphony No. 2 [56]
19666-Z366-Z3derived: 4–1
I:0 9 e t 8 5
7 6 4 1 3 2
P:0 3 1 2 e t
8 9 5 7 6 4
3 2 1 3 1 2 1 4 2 1 2 Milton Babbitt:
Woodwind Quartet [57]
1953 6-1 6-1
I:0 9 e t 1 2
4 3 7 5 6 8
P:0 3 1 6 2 4
t 5 9 7 8 e
3 2 5 4 2 6 5 4 2 1 3 Ernst Krenek:
Sechs Vermessene, Op. 168 [58]
19586-26-2
I:0 9 e 6 t 8
2 7 3 5 4 1
P:0 3 1 6 2 t
9 8 e 7 5 4
3 2 5 4 4 1 1 3 4 2 1 Ernst Krenek:
Karl V [59] [60]
19386-Z396-Z10
I:0 9 e 6 t 2
3 4 1 5 7 8
P:0 3 1 t 2 8
e 5 6 9 7 4
3 2 3 4 6 3 6 1 3 2 3 Donald Martino:
Fantasy Variations [61]
19626-96-9
I:0 9 e 2 t 4
1 7 6 3 5 8
P:0 3 2 1 4 8
e 5 t 7 6 9
3 1 1 3 4 3 6 5 3 1 3 Benjamin Frankel:
The Curse of the Werewolf [62]
19616-Z376-Z4
I:0 9 t e 8 4
1 7 2 5 6 3
P:0 3 2 9 7 8
e 6 1 5 4 t
3 1 5 2 1 3 5 5 4 1 6 Karlheinz Stockhausen:
"Aries", from Tierkreis [63]
1974–756-186-18
I:0 9 t 3 5 4
1 6 e 7 8 2
P:0 3 2 1 5 4
t e 7 8 9 6
3 1 1 4 1 6 1 4 1 1 3 Anton Webern:
Symphony, Op. 21 [4] [64]
1928 6-1 6-1 all-
combinatorial
I:0 9 t e 7 8
2 1 5 4 3 6
P:0 3 4 6 e 8
7 t 9 5 1 2
3 1 2 5 3 1 3 1 4 4 1 Igor Stravinsky:
Agon , "Mystery" (sketches only) [65]
19576-316-31
I:0 9 8 6 1 4
5 2 3 7 e t
P:0 3 5 1 2 6
4 e 7 8 e 9
3 2 4 1 4 2 5 4 1 3 2 Karlheinz Stockhausen:
Klavierstück IV (second row of 48) [66]
19526-Z36-Z36
I:0 9 7 e t 6
8 1 5 4 1 3
P:0 3 5 4 e t
9 8 7 6 2 1
3 2 1 5 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 Karlheinz Stockhausen:
"Aquarius", from Tierkreis [63]
1974–756-Z66-Z38
I:0 9 7 8 1 2
3 4 5 6 t e
P:0 3 5 7 9 e
6 8 t 1 2 4
3 2 2 2 2 5 2 2 3 1 2 Ernst Krenek:
Lamentatio Jeremiae Prophetae, Op. 93, row 4 [18]
1940–41 6-34 6-34 RI-symmetry
I:0 9 7 5 3 1
6 4 2 e t 8
P:0 3 7 e 2 5
9 1 4 6 8 t
3 4 4 3 3 4 4 3 2 2 2
Play Berg vn conc tone row.png
Play
Alban Berg:
Violin Concerto [4] [24] [67]
19356-Z246-Z46
I:0 9 5 1 t 7
3 e 8 6 4 2
P:0 3 e 2 t 1
9 5 8 4 7 6
3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 4 3 1 Anton Webern:
"Erlösung" from Drei Lieder, Op. 18, No. 2 [68]
1910–13 6-1 6-1 all-
combinatorial
I:0 9 1 t 2 e
3 7 4 8 5 6
P:0 3 e 4 2 1
7 8 t 5 9 6
3 4 5 2 1 6 1 2 5 4 3 Ernst Krenek:
Quaestio temporis, Op. 170 [69]
1959 6-1 6-1 all-
combinatorial
retrograde-symmetry
I:0 9 1 8 t e
5 4 2 7 3 6
P:0 3 e t 2 9
1 5 4 8 7 6
3 4 1 4 5 4 4 1 4 1 1 Anton Webern:
Op. 31 [12]
1941–436-Z36-Z36
I:0 9 1 2 t 3
e 7 8 4 5 6
P:0 4 1 8 5 9
3 e 2 7 t 6
4 3 5 3 4 6 4 3 5 3 4 Milton Babbitt:
Composition for Four Instruments , row iv [26]
1948 6–20 6–20 all-
combinatorial hexachord
I:0 8 e 4 7 3
9 1 t 5 2 6
P:0 4 1 e 3 2
8 6 5 t 7 9
4 3 2 4 1 6 2 1 5 3 2 Milton Babbitt:
Composition for Four Instruments [70]
1948 6–1 6–1 all-
combinatorial hexachord
I:0 8 e 1 9 t
4 6 7 2 5 3
P:0 4 2 5 7 8
t 9 e 1 6 3
4 2 3 2 1 2 1 2 2 5 3 Igor Stravinsky:
Anthem [2]
19626–336–33
I:0 8 t 7 5 4
2 3 1 e 6 9
P:0 4 3 2 5 6
t e 9 1 7 8
4 1 1 3 1 4 1 2 4 6 1 Karlheinz Stockhausen:
Licht , Eve formula [71] [72]
1977–
2003
6–26–2
I:0 8 9 t 7 6
2 1 3 e 5 4
P:0 4 3 7 e 8
9 6 5 1 2 t
4 1 4 4 3 1 3 1 4 1 4 Arnold Schoenberg:
Ode to Napoleon Buonaparte
Suite Op. 29 [73]

Luigi Nono:
Variazioni canoniche sulla serie dell'op. 41 di Arnold Schönberg [74]

1942
1926

1950

6–20 6–20 all-
combinatorial
I:0 8 9 5 1 4
3 6 7 e t 2
P:0 4 3 8 7 e
5 1 2 9 t 6
4 1 5 1 4 6 4 1 5 1 4 Milton Babbitt:
Composition for Four Instruments , row iii [26]
1948 6–20 6–20 all-
combinatorial hexachord
I:0 8 9 4 5 1
7 e t 3 2 6
P:0 4 3 e 7 8
t 9 2 5 1 6
4 1 4 4 1 2 1 5 3 4 5 Karlheinz Stockhausen:
"Scorpio", from Tierkreis [63]
1974–75 6–20 6–20
I:0 8 9 1 5 4
2 3 t 7 e 6
P:0 4 3 e t 9
1 7 8 6 2 5
4 1 4 1 1 4 6 1 2 4 3 Ernst Krenek:
Suite, Op. 84 for solo cello [75]
6–56–5
I:0 8 9 1 2 3
e 5 4 6 t 7
P:0 4 5 2 6 7
8 9 e t 3 1
4 1 3 4 1 1 1 2 1 5 2 Alban Berg:
Lulu [24]
19346–96–9
I:0 8 7 t 6 5
4 3 1 2 9 e
P:0 4 5 2 7 9
6 8 e t 3 1
4 1 3 5 2 3 2 3 1 5 2
Play Berg - Lulu basic tone row.png
Play
Alban Berg:
Lulu , Basic [45] [53] [54]
1934 6–32 6–32 circle of fifths
I:0 8 7 t 5 3
6 4 1 2 9 e
P:0 4 5 e 6 t
7 3 1 2 9 8
4 1 6 5 4 3 4 2 1 5 1 Milton Babbitt:
All Set [76] [77]
19576–76–7 second-order all-
combinatorial hexachord
I:0 8 7 1 6 2
5 9 e t 3 4
P:0 4 5 t 7 6
1 8 e 2 9 3
4 1 5 3 1 5 5 3 3 5 6 Karlheinz Stockhausen:
"Gemini", from Tierkreis [63]
1974–756-Z416-Z12
I:0 8 7 2 5 6
e 4 1 t 3 9
P:0 4 8 9 3 2
t e 7 6 5 1
4 4 1 6 1 4 1 4 1 1 4 Robert Moevs:
Three Symphonic Pieces, mov. 2 [78]
1954–55 6-Z17 6-Z43 all-trichord hexachord
I:0 8 4 3 9 t
2 1 5 6 7 e
P:0 4 t 6 3 8
7 2 5 9 1 e
4 6 4 3 5 1 5 3 4 4 2 Juan Carlos Paz:
Canciones y Baladas, Balada II [79]
1936 6–34 6–34
I:0 8 2 6 9 4
5 t 7 3 e 1
P:0 5 1 2 3 9
8 t 4 e 6 7
5 4 1 1 6 1 2 6 5 5 1 Alban Berg:
Lulu , Chorale [45]
19346-Z396-Z10
I:0 7 e t 9 3
4 2 8 1 6 5
P:0 5 1 4 2 3
9 8 t 7 e 6
5 4 3 2 1 6 1 2 3 4 5 Michael Gielen:
Six Songs, for bass, violin, viola, clarinet, bass clarinet, and piano [80]
1958 6–1 6–1 retrograde-symmetrical all-interval
row
, all-
combinatorial hexachords
I:0 7 e 8 t 9
3 4 2 5 1 6
P:0 5 1 4 t 8
e 9 3 6 2 7
5 4 3 6 2 3 2 6 3 4 5 Alfred Schnittke:
Concerto Grosso No. 3 [3]
19856–316–31
I:0 7 e 8 2 4
1 3 9 6 t 5
P:0 5 2 7 4 9
6 e 8 1 t 3
5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 Benjamin Britten:
The Turn of the Screw [81]
1954 6–32 6–32
I:0 7 t 5 8 3
6 1 4 e 2 9
P:0 5 2 7 t 1
e 4 6 8 9 3
5 3 5 3 3 2 5 2 2 1 6 Dmitri Shostakovich:
Symphony No. 14, mov. III [82]
1969 6-Z47 6-Z25
I:0 7 t 5 2 e
1 8 6 4 3 9
P:0 5 2 t 1 7
8 6 e 4 9 3
5 3 4 3 6 1 2 5 5 5 6 Alban Berg:
Lulu , Countess Geschwitz [24] [45] [54]
1934 6-Z47 6-Z25
I:0 7 t 2 e 5
4 6 1 8 3 9
P:0 5 4 7 t 6
e 8 1 9 2 3
5 1 3 3 4 5 3 5 4 5 1 Igor Stravinsky:
Threni [2]
19586-Z416-Z12
I:0 7 8 5 2 6
1 4 e 3 t 9
P:0 5 7 4 2 3
9 1 8 e t 6
5 2 3 2 1 6 4 5 3 1 4 Milton Babbitt:
Three Compositions for Piano, no. I [83]
19476–86–8
I:0 7 5 8 t 9
3 e 4 1 2 6
P:0 5 7 6 e 3
4 2 9 8 t 1
5 2 1 5 4 1 2 5 1 2 3 Alban Berg:
Lulu , Acrobat/Athlete [24] [45] [54]
1934 6-Z17 6-Z43 all-trichord hexachord
I:0 7 5 6 1 9
8 t 3 4 2 e
P:0 5 9 t 4 7
6 e 1 2 8 3
5 4 1 6 3 1 5 2 1 6 5
Play Berg - Lulu Dr Schon tone row.png
Play
Alban Berg:
Lulu , Dr. Schön [45] [53] [54]
19346-Z25 6-Z47
I:0 7 3 2 8 5
6 1 e t 4 9
P:0 5 e 6 3 2
8 7 9 t 4 1
5 6 5 3 1 6 1 2 1 6 3 Karlheinz Stockhausen:
"Leo", from Tierkreis [63]
1974–756Z-136-Z42
I:0 7 1 6 9 t
4 5 3 2 8 e
P:0 6 4 2 8 9
3 1 e t 7 5
6 2 2 6 1 6 2 2 1 3 2 Igor Stravinsky:
Elegy for J.F.K. [2]
1964 6–34 6–34
I:0 6 8 t 4 3
9 e 1 2 5 7
P:0 6 4 3 2 9
t 5 7 8 e 1
6 2 1 1 5 1 5 2 1 3 2 Karel Husa:
Mosaïques [84]
19606-Z456-Z23
I:0 6 8 9 t 3
2 7 5 4 1 e
P:0 6 5 1 e 7
4 8 9 3 2 t
6 1 4 2 4 3 4 1 6 1 4 Arnold Schoenberg:
"De Profundis", Op. 50b [3]
19506–76–7
I:0 6 7 e 1 5
8 4 3 9 t 2
P:0 6 5 2 3 4
7 8 9 t e 1
6 1 3 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 2 Karlheinz Stockhausen:
"Sagittarius", from Tierkreis [63]
1974–756–26–2
I:0 6 7 t 9 8
5 4 3 2 1 e
P:0 6 5 e t 4
3 9 8 2 1 7
6 1 6 1 6 1 6 1 6 1 6 Witold Lutosławski:
Musique funèbre (Funeral Music) [85]
1954–586–76–7
I:0 6 7 1 2 8
9 3 4 t e 5
P:0 6 7 8 9 1
2 5 e 4 t 3
6 1 1 1 4 1 3 6 5 6 5 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart:
String Quartet in E major, K. 428 first movement, opening of development section [86]
6–56–5
I:0 6 5 4 3 e
t 7 1 8 2 9
P:0 6 8 5 7 e
4 3 9 t 1 2
6 2 3 2 4 5 1 6 1 3 1
Play Schoenberg - Variations for Orchestra op. 31 tone row mirror forms.png
Play
Arnold Schoenberg:
Variations, Op. 31 [79] [87] [88]
1926–286–56–5 Bach motif
I:0 6 4 7 5 1
8 9 3 2 e t
P:0 6 8 t 2 4
9 5 3 e 7 1
6 2 2 4 2 5 4 2 4 4 6 Arnold Schoenberg:
Three Songs, Op. 48 [64]
1933 6–35 6–35
I:0 6 4 2 t 8
3 7 9 1 5 e
P:0 6 9 2 8 t
4 7 1 e 3 5
6 3 5 6 2 6 3 6 2 4 2 Josef Matthias Hauer:
Salambo, op. 60 [89]
19296-216-21
I:0 6 3 t 4 2
8 5 e 1 9 7
P:0 6 t 7 9 8
3 2 4 1 5 e
6 4 3 2 1 5 1 2 3 4 6 Michel Fano: Sonata for Two Pianos [90] 19516-Z36-Z36retrograde-symmetry
I:0 6 2 5 3 4
9 t 8 e 7 1
P:0 6 t 8 4 7
2 5 1 e 3 9
6 4 2 4 3 5 3 4 2 4 6 Ben Johnston:
String Quartet No. 7, mov. 2 [91]
19846–216–21 just intonation: otonality & utonality
I:0 6 2 4 8 5
t 7 e 1 9 3
P:0 7 1 t e 9
5 8 4 3 2 6
5 6 3 1 2 4 3 4 1 1 4 Karlheinz Stockhausen:
Klavierstück IV (third row of 48) [66]
19526–26–2
I:0 5 e 2 1 3
7 4 8 9 t 6
P:0 7 2 1 e 8
3 5 9 t 4 6
5 5 1 2 3 5 2 4 1 6 2
Play Schoenberg - Piano Piece op.33a tone row.png
Play
Arnold Schoenberg:
Piano Piece, op. 33a [24] [92]
19286–56–5
I:0 5 t e 1 4
9 7 3 2 8 6
P:0 7 3 t 2 6
9 1 4 8 e 5
5 4 5 4 4 3 4 3 4 3 6 Alberto Ginastera:
Quintet, op. 29 [28]
19636–316–31
I:0 5 9 2 t 6
3 e 8 4 1 7
P:0 7 4 e 6 t
3 9 1 8 5 2
5 3 5 5 4 5 6 4 5 3 3 Elliott Carter:
Piano Concerto, Orchestra [93]
1964–656-Z43 6-Z17 all-trichord hexachord; ordered in register
I:0 5 8 1 6 2
9 3 e 4 7 t
P:0 7 6 4 5 9
8 t 3 1 e 2
5 1 2 1 4 1 2 5 2 2 3 Igor Stravinsky:
Requiem Canticles , 2nd series [2]
19666-Z40 6-Z11
I:0 5 6 8 7 3
4 2 9 e 1 t
P:0 7 6 e 9 1
4 t 8 5 2 3
5 1 5 2 4 3 6 2 3 3 1 Ernst Krenek:
String Quartet No. 7, op. 96 [59]
1943–446-Z126-Z41
I:0 5 6 1 3 e
8 2 4 7 t 9
P:0 7 e 2 1 9
3 5 t 6 8 4
5 4 3 1 4 6 2 5 4 2 4 Arnold Schoenberg:
Piano Concerto, Op. 42 [94] [95]
19426–96–9inversional
I:0 5 1 t e 3
9 7 2 6 4 8
P:0 7 e 8 2 t
6 9 5 4 1 3
5 4 3 6 4 4 3 4 1 3 2 Anton Webern:
Op. 23 [96]
19336-Z106-Z39
I:0 5 1 4 t 2
6 3 7 8 e 9
P:0 7 e t 2 9
6 1 5 4 8 3
5 4 1 4 5 3 5 4 1 4 5 Ross Lee Finney:
Edge of Shadow [21]
19596–86–8
I:0 5 1 2 t 3
6 e 7 8 4 9
P:0 7 e t 9 8
3 6 4 1 5 2
5 4 1 1 1 5 3 2 3 4 3 Karlheinz Stockhausen:
"Cancer", from Tierkreis [63]
1974–75 6–1 6–1 all-
combinatorial
I:0 5 1 2 3 4
9 6 8 e 7 t
P:0 8 1 7 2 e
9 6 4 5 3 t
4 5 6 5 3 2 3 2 1 2 5 Arnold Schoenberg:
String Trio, Op. 45 [97]
19466–56–5
I:0 4 e 5 t 1
3 6 8 7 9 2
P:0 8 1 t 9 e
5 3 4 7 2 6

[98] [99]
4 5 3 1 2 6 2 1 3 5 4
Play Stockhausen - Gruppen tone row.png
Play
Karlheinz Stockhausen:
Klavierstück VII Gruppen
Klavierstück IX
Klavierstück X
1955
1955–57
1961
1961
6–1 6–1 all-
combinatorial
hexachord, retrograde-symmetrical all-interval
I:0 4 e 2 3 1
7 9 8 5 t 6
P:0 8 1 e t 7
5 9 4 6 3 2
4 5 2 1 3 2 4 5 2 3 1 Karlheinz Stockhausen:
Klavierstück V (row of original 1954 version) [100]
Klavierstück VIII [101]
1954–55
1954
6-Z36-Z36
I:0 4 e 1 2 5
7 3 8 6 9 t
P:0 8 4 9 t 3
1 6 e 2 7 5
4 4 5 1 5 2 5 5 3 5 2 Elliott Carter:
Piano Concerto, Solo[ist] [93]
1964–65 6-Z17 6-Z43 all-interval hexachord; ordered in register
I:0 4 8 3 2 9
e 6 1 t 5 7
P:0 8 5 t 7 1
6 4 e 2 3 9
4 3 5 3 6 5 2 5 3 1 6
Play Berg - Lulu Alwa tone row.png
Play
Alban Berg:
Lulu , Alwa [45] [53] [54]
19346-Z25 6-Z47
I:0 4 7 2 5 e
6 8 1 t 9 3
P:0 8 7 t 4 5
2 9 e 3 1 6
4 1 3 6 1 3 5 2 4 2 5 Elliott Carter:
A Symphony of Three Orchestras [93]
19766-Z246-Z46ordered in register
I:0 4 5 2 8 7
t 3 1 9 e 6
P:0 8 7 e t 9
3 1 4 2 6 5
4 1 4 1 1 6 2 3 2 4 1
Play Variations for piano (Webern) tone row.png
Play
Anton Webern:
Variations for piano, mov. III, op. 27 [102] [103]
1936 6–1 6–1 all-
combinatorial
I:0 4 5 1 2 3
9 e 8 t 6 7
P:0 8 e t 2 1
4 3 7 6 9 5
4 3 1 4 1 3 1 4 1 3 4 Anton Webern:
Op. 29 [104] [36]
19386–26–2 semi-combinatorial, RI-invariant:
P0 = RI5
I:0 4 1 2 t e
8 9 5 6 3 7
P:0 8 e t 4 6
7 1 5 3 9 2
4 3 1 6 2 1 6 4 2 6 5 Ernst Krenek:
Sestina, op. 161 [59]
19576–226–22
I:0 4 1 2 8 6
5 e 7 9 3 t
P:0 9 1 3 4 e
2 8 7 5 t 6
3 4 2 1 5 3 6 1 2 5 4 Luigi Dallapiccola:
Piccola musica notturna [105]
19546–86–8
I:0 3 e 9 8 1
t 4 5 7 2 6
P:0 9 1 8 4 5
7 2 3 6 t e
3 4 5 4 1 2 5 1 3 4 1 Milton Babbitt:
Composition for Synthesizer [106]
1961 6–20 6–20
I:0 3 e 4 8 7
5 t 9 6 2 1
P:0 9 1 e t 2
8 7 5 4 6 3
3 4 2 1 4 6 1 2 1 2 3
Play Babbitt - Composition for Four Instruments tone row.png
Play
Milton Babbitt:
Composition for Four Instruments [107] [108]
1948 6–1 6–1 all-
combinatorial
I:0 3 e 1 2 t
4 5 7 8 6 9
P:0 9 2 3 e t
5 4 1 6 7 8
3 5 1 4 1 5 1 3 5 1 1 Igor Stravinsky:
Epitaphium [2]
19596-Z36-Z36
I:0 3 t 9 1 2
7 8 e 6 5 4
P:0 9 2 8 7 5
6 1 3 4 t e
3 5 6 1 2 1 5 2 1 6 1 Karlheinz Stockhausen:
"Capricorn", from Tierkreis [63]
1974–75 6-Z47 6-Z25
I:0 3 t 4 5 7
6 e 9 8 2 1
P:0 9 8 4 7 6
1 t 3 5 e 2
3 1 4 3 1 5 3 5 2 6 3David Dzubay: Di/Con[ver(gence/sions)] [3] 19886-Z396-Z10
I:0 3 4 8 5 6
e 2 9 7 1 t
P:0 9 8 e t 2
3 4 5 7 1 6
3 1 3 1 4 1 1 1 2 6 5 Anton Webern:
Op. 22 [109]
1929–306–26–2 semi-combinatorial
I:0 3 4 1 2 t
9 8 7 5 e 6
P:0 9 e 2 4 1
7 t 8 5 3 6
3 2 3 2 3 6 3 2 3 2 3 Milton Babbitt:
Composition for Four Instruments , row ii [26]
19486–86–8
I:0 3 1 t 8 e
5 2 4 7 9 6
P:0 t 1 2 5 4
6 3 7 e 8 9
2 3 1 3 1 2 3 4 4 3 1 Pierre Boulez:
Le marteau sans maître [3] [110]
1953–556-Z106-Z39
I:0 2 e t 7 8
6 9 5 1 4 3
P:0 t 3 4 2 7
6 9 8 e 1 5
2 5 1 2 5 1 3 1 3 2 4 Charles Ives:
Tone Roads No. 1 [111]
19116-Z466-Z24
I:0 2 9 8 t 5
6 3 4 1 e 7
P:0 t 3 e 8 7
1 2 5 9 4 6
2 5 4 3 1 6 1 3 4 5 2 Elliott Carter:
Night Fantasies [112]
19826–146–14
I:0 2 9 1 4 5
e t 7 3 8 6
P:0 t 9 8 7 5
e 1 2 3 4 6
2 1 1 1 2 6 2 1 1 1 2 Milton Babbitt:
Composition for Four Instruments , row i [26]
19486–86–8
I:0 2 3 4 5 7
1 e t 9 8 6
P:0 t 9 e 7 2
8 1 4 6 5 3
2 1 2 4 5 6 5 3 2 1 2 Karlheinz Stockhausen:
Kreuzspiel [113]
19516-Z506-Z29
I:0 2 3 1 5 t
4 e 8 6 7 9
P:0 e 1 2 9 8
t 7 5 6 4 3
1 2 1 5 1 2 3 2 1 2 1 Igor Stravinsky:
Agon , "Double Pas de Quatre" [2] [114]
19576-Z36-Z36
I:0 1 e t 3 4
2 5 7 6 8 9
P:0 e 1 3 4 2
5 7 6 8 t 9
1 2 2 1 2 3 2 1 2 2 1 Igor Stravinsky:
Fanfare [2]
1964 6–1 6–1 all-
combinatorial
I:0 1 e 9 8 t
7 5 6 4 2 3
P:0 e 1 3 4 2
7 6 9 5 8 t
1 2 2 1 2 5 1 3 4 3 2 Igor Stravinsky:
Canticum Sacrum , II & IV [2]
1955 6–1 6–1 all-
combinatorial
I:0 1 e 9 8 t
5 6 3 7 4 2
P:0 e 1 7 9 8
t 4 6 5 2 3
1 2 6 2 1 2 6 2 1 3 1 Chen Yi:
Woodwind Quintet [3] [37]
19876-Z46-Z37
I:0 1 e 5 3 4
2 8 6 7 t 9
P:0 e 2 1 3 4
9 t 7 8 6 5
1 3 1 2 1 5 1 3 1 2 1 Arvo Pärt:
Diagrams [56]
1964 6–1 6–1 all-
combinatorial
I:0 1 t e 9 8
3 2 5 4 6 7
P:0 e 2 1 5 6
3 4 8 7 t 9
1 3 1 4 1 3 1 4 1 3 1
Play Webern String Quartet tone row.png
Play
Anton Webern:
String Quartet, Op. 28: [104] [67] [102]
19366–56–5derived: 4–1 (BACH motif), semi-combinatorial
I:0 1 t e 7 6
9 8 4 5 2 3
P:0 e 2 3 4 1
6 5 8 9 t 7
1 3 1 1 3 5 1 3 1 1 3 Alberto Ginastera:
Violin Concerto, op. 30 [28]
1963 6–1 6–1 all-
combinatorial
I:0 1 t 9 8 e
6 7 4 3 2 5
P:0 e 2 9 5 3
4 8 t 7 1 6
1 3 5 4 2 1 4 2 3 6 5 Elliott Carter:
String Quartet No. 3 [115]
19736-Z236-Z45
I:0 1 t 3 7 9
8 4 2 5 e 6
P:0 e 3 1 7 9
6 2 t 5 8 4
1 4 2 6 2 3 4 4 5 3 4 Arnold Schoenberg:
Violin Phantasy, Op. 47 [116] [117]
19496–216–21
I:0 1 9 e 5 3
6 t 2 7 4 8
P:0 e 3 2 1 8
6 9 t 7 5 4
1 4 1 1 5 2 3 1 3 2 1 Igor Stravinsky:
Double Canon [2]
19596-Z366-Z3
I:0 1 9 t e 4
6 3 2 5 7 8
P:0 e 3 4 8 7
9 5 6 1 2 t
1 4 1 4 1 2 4 1 5 1 4
Play Webern - Concerto Op. 24 tone row.png
Play
Anton Webern:
Concerto for Nine Instruments, Op. 24 [24] [68] [87] [92] [118]
1934 6–20 6–20 all-
combinatorial
, derived: 3–3
I:0 1 9 8 4 5
3 7 6 e t 2
P:0 e 4 5 7 3
2 6 8 1 t 9
1 5 1 2 4 1 4 2 5 3 1 David Lewin:
Just a Minute, Roger [119]
19786–166–16
I:0 1 8 7 5 9
t 6 4 e 2 3
P:0 e 5 2 1 6
3 8 7 4 t 9
1 6 3 1 5 3 5 1 3 6 1 Alfred Schnittke:
Viola Concerto [3]
19856–56–5
I:0 1 7 t e 6
9 4 5 8 2 3
P:0 e 5 9 6 2
7 3 1 4 t 9
1 6 4 3 4 5 4 2 3 6 1 Luigi Dallapiccola:
Cinque Canti [36]
6-Z506-Z29RI-invariant:
P0 = RI9
I:0 1 7 3 6 t
5 9 e 8 2 3
P:0 e 6 5 4 3
1 t 9 7 2 8
1 5 1 1 1 2 3 1 2 5 6 Pierre Boulez:
Structures Ia [3] [67]
19526–56–5
I:0 1 6 7 8 9
e 2 3 5 t 4
P:0 e 6 5 7 1
8 2 t 3 4 9
1 5 1 2 6 5 6 4 5 1 5 George Perle:
Three Inventions for Piano, no. 3 [120]
6–76–7 all-
combinatorial
I:0 1 6 7 5 e
4 t 2 9 8 3
P:0 e 7 1 2 9
3 8 t 4 5 6
1 4 6 1 5 6 5 2 6 1 1
Play Lyric Suite Movement III tone row.svg
Play
Alban Berg:
Lyric Suite , mov. III [121]
1925–266–96–9
I:0 1 5 e t 3
9 4 2 8 7 6
P:0 e 7 1 4 8
3 9 t 2 5 6
1 4 6 3 4 5 6 1 4 3 1
Play Berg's Lyric Suite Mov. VI tone row 1-P.PNG
Play
Alban Berg:
Lyric Suite , mov. VI, row 1 [122]
1925–26 6-Z44 6-Z19
I:0 1 5 e 8 4
9 3 2 t 7 6
P:0 e 7 4 2 9
3 8 t 1 5 6
1 4 3 2 5 6 5 2 3 4 1
Play Lyric Suite Movement I tone row.svg
Play
Fritz Heinrich Klein [123]

Alban Berg:
Lyric Suite , mov. I [46] [124]


Alberto Ginastera:
Sonata for Guitar, mvt. III, op. 47 [28]

1920–22 [125]

1925–26


1976

6–32 6–32 Mother chord (all-interval)
Trichordally combinatorial: 0369 [126]
I:0 1 5 8 t 3
9 4 2 e 7 6
P:0 e 7 8 3 1
2 t 6 5 4 9
1 4 1 5 2 1 4 4 1 1 5 Arnold Schoenberg:
String quartet No. 4 [64] [116]
19366–166–16
I:0 1 5 4 9 e
t 2 6 7 8 3
P:0 e 8 4 7 3
1 5 2 6 9 t
1 3 4 3 4 2 4 3 4 3 1 Arnold Schoenberg:
Modern Psalm, Op. 50c [3]
1950 6–20 6–20
I:0 1 4 8 5 9
e 7 t 6 3 2
P:0 e 8 9 7 6
1 5 4 3 2 t
1 3 1 2 1 5 4 1 1 1 4
Play Berg's Lyric Suite Mov. VI tone row 2-P.PNG
Play
Alban Berg:
Lyric Suite , row 2 [122]
1925–266-Z36-Z36
I:0 1 4 3 5 6
e 7 8 9 t 2
P:0 e 9 2 t 7
1 4 8 3 5 6
1 2 5 4 3 6 3 4 5 2 1 Milton Babbitt:
"The Widow's Lament in Springtime" [127]
19516–86–8
I:0 1 3 t 2 5
e 8 4 9 7 6
P:0 e 9 4 3 t
8 7 5 6 1 2
1 2 5 1 5 2 1 2 1 5 1 Dmitri Shostakovich:
Symphony No. 14, mov. I [82]
19696–56–5
I:0 1 3 8 9 2
4 5 7 6 e t
P:0 e 9 6 t 8
7 5 2 4 3 1
1 2 3 4 2 1 2 3 2 1 2 Igor Stravinsky:
Canticum Sacrum , II [2]
19556–26–2
I:0 1 3 6 2 4
5 7 t 8 9 e
P:0 e t 1 3 2
4 9 8 6 5 7
1 1 3 2 1 2 5 1 2 1 2 Alfred Schnittke:
String Quartet No. 4, Mov. I [3]
1989 6–1 6–1 all-combinatorial
I:0 1 2 e 9 t
8 3 4 6 7 5
P:0 e t 5 6 9
7 1 2 8 3 4
1 1 5 1 3 2 6 1 6 5 1 Arvo Pärt:
Symphony No. 1
Perpetuum Mobile [56]
1963
1963
6–56–5
I:0 1 2 7 6 3
5 e t 4 9 8

Other lengths

Fewer than twelve

Five
Prime formInterval
classes
NotationComposer:
Composition
YearSet(s)Features
0 e 8 9 t1 3 1 1 Igor Stravinsky:
In memoriam Dylan Thomas [128]
19545–1
Six
Prime formInterval classesNotationComposer:
Composition
YearSet(s)Features
0 6 9 8 1 e
[129] [130] [131] [132]
6 3 1 5 2
Sacher hexachord Play Boulez - Messagesquisse, Sacher hexachord.png
Sacher hexachord Play
Pierre Boulez:
Messagesquisse

Répons


Dérive 1


Incises


sur Incises

1976

1984


1984


1994


1996

6-Z11, (6-Z40) Musical cryptogram:
Paul Sacher
Conrad Beck:
Für Paul Sacher: Drei Epigramme für Violoncello solo
1976
Luciano Berio:
Les Mots sont allés
Benjamin Britten:
Tema "Sacher"
Henri Dutilleux:
Trois Strophes sur le nom de Sacher
Wolfgang Fortner:
Zum Spielen für den 70. Geburtstag: Thema und Variationen für Violoncello Solo
Alberto Ginastera  :Puneña n° 2, op. 45
Cristóbal Halffter:
Variationen über das Thema eSACHERe
Hans Werner Henze:
Capriccio per Paul Sacher
Heinz Holliger:
Chaconne, für Violoncello Solo
Klaus Huber:
Transpositio ad infinitum
Witold Lutosławski:
Sacher-Variationen
0 9 8 7 1 43 1 1 6 3
Play Schoenberg hexachord.png
Play
Arnold Schoenberg:
Die glückliche Hand , Op. 18 [133]

"Seraphita", op. 22, no. 1 [133]

1910–13


1913–16

6-Z44 (6-Z19) Schoenberg hexachord
Eight
Prime formInterval classesNotationComposer:
Composition
YearSet(s)Features
0 2 8 9
t 4 3 e
2 6 1 1 6 1 4 Alban Berg:
Lyric Suite [45]
1925–268–5
0 2 9 7
t 8 e 1
2 5 2 3 2 3 2 Joonas Kokkonen:
Symphonic Sketches, mov. 3, row B [41]
19688–1
0 7 1 6
8 2 3 4
5 6 5 2 6 1 1 Alban Berg:
Lyric Suite [45]
1925–268–5
0 8 2 3
t 4 9 e
4 6 1 5 6 5 2 Alban Berg:
Lyric Suite [45]
1925–268–5
0 t 2 4
5 7 3 1
2 4 2 1 2 4 2 Igor Stravinsky:
Agon , "Pas-de-Deux" refrain
(b. 463–472) [134]
19578–10
0 t 3 5
2 4 1 e
2 5 2 3 2 3 2 Joonas Kokkonen:
Symphonic Sketches, mov. 3, row C [41]
19688–1
Nine
Prime formInterval classesNotationComposer:
Composition
YearSet(s)Features
0 2 e 4 9
7 8 6 1
2 3 5 5 2 1 2 5 Joonas Kokkonen:
Symphonic Sketches, mov. 3, row D [41]
19689–8
Ten
Prime formInterval classesNotationComposer:
Composition
YearSet(s)Features
0 e 2 1 5
6 4 9 7 8
1 3 1 4 1 2 5 2 1 Arvo Pärt:
Collage sur B-A-C-H [56]
1964 BACH motif
Eleven
Prime formInterval classesNotationComposer:
Composition
YearSet(s)Features
0 1 e 5 6 8
7 9 2 3 4
1 2 6 1 2 1 2 5 1 1 Karel Husa:
Music for Prague 1968 [3]
1968
0 4 3 e 2 7
6 8 t 5 1
4 1 4 3 5 1 2 2 5 4
Spacing, orchestration not shown Copland Inscape opening eleven note chord.png
Spacing, orchestration not shown
Aaron Copland:
Inscape row 1 [135]
1967
0 7 3 9 2 4
6 t 7 e 1
5 4 6 5 2 2 4 3 4 2 Aaron Copland:
Inscape row 2 [135]
1967
0 e t 4 6 2
1 9 8 5 3
1 1 6 2 4 1 4 1 3 2 Karlheinz Stockhausen:
Licht , Lucifer formula [71] [136]
1977–
2003

More than twelve

Thirteen
Prime formInterval classesNotationComposer:
Composition
YearSet(s)Features
0 1 4 5 t 8 7
t e 6 3 2 9
1 3 1 5 2 1
3 1 5 3 1 7
Karlheinz Stockhausen:
"Taurus", from Tierkreis [63]
1974–75
0 1 t 6 8 3 5
2 4 e 9 7 0
1 3 4 2 5 2
3 2 5 2 1 5
Karlheinz Stockhausen:
Choral [137]
1950
0 3 e 8 5 4
9 2 1 t 7 3 6
3 4 3 3 1 5
5 1 3 3 4 3
Luciano Berio:
Nones [138] [139]
1953–54
0 4 1 5 7 t 2
8 e 9 3 6 9
4 3 4 2 3 4
6 3 2 6 3 3
Karlheinz Stockhausen:
"Pisces", from Tierkreis [63]
1974–75
0 7 8 6 e t 2
5 1 3 9 4 0
5 1 2 5 1 4
3 4 2 6 5 4
Karlheinz Stockhausen:
Licht , Michael formula [71]
1977–
2003
0 e 2 4 t 9
7 3 7 1 8 5 6
1 3 2 6 1 2
4 4 6 7 3 1
Karlheinz Stockhausen:
"Virgo", from Tierkreis [63]
1974–75
0 e 4 t 9 5
8 6 2 1 6 7 3
1 5 6 1 4 3
2 4 1 5 1 4
Karlheinz Stockhausen:
Klavierstück IV
(first row of 48) [66]
19526-Z38, 6-Z6
Fourteen
Prime formInterval classesNotationComposer:
Composition
YearSet(s)Features
0 1 t 3 9 4 6
7 4 5 7 3 8 e
1 3 5 6 5 2 1 3 1 2 4 5 3
Play Stockhausen Tierkreis Libra.png
Play
Karlheinz Stockhausen:
"Libra", from Tierkreis [63]
1974–75
0 1 t 9 2 8 e
7 3 5 6 4 0 2
1 3 1 5 6 3 4 4 2 1 2 4 2 Karlheinz Stockhausen:
Inori [140]
1973–74
0 e 2 4 1 8 t
e 9 4 7 5 3 6
1 3 2 3 5 2 1 2 5 3 2 3 Joonas Kokkonen:
Cello Concerto, mov. 3, row A [41]
1969
Seventeen
Prime formInterval classesNotationComposer:
Composition
YearSet(s)Features
0 2 1 e t 8
9 e t 0 1 e
t 0 e 9 0
2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1
2 1 2 1 2 1 2 3
Igor Stravinsky:
Agon , b. 104 [141]
1957
0 2 3 5 4 9
7 8 e 1 6 e
t 0 e 9 0
2 1 2 1 5 2 1 3
2 5 5 1 2 1 2 3
Igor Stravinsky:
Agon , "Bransles" [141]
19576-Z40, 6-Z11
Twenty-two
Prime formInterval classesNotationComposer:
Composition
YearSet(s)Features
0 e 6 8 7
2 1 3 t 9 4
6 9 7 8 3
1 2 4 e t 0
1 5 2 1 5 1
2 5 1 5 2
3 2 1 5 2
1 2 5 1 2
Joonas Kokkonen:
Cello Concerto, mov. 3, row B [41]
1969
Twenty-four
Prime formInterval classesNotationComposer:
Composition
YearSet(s)Features
 0  1 12 14 23 22
19 18 20 21  3  4
16 13  6 15  8  7
17 10  9 11  2  5
0.5 5.5 1 4.5 0.5 1.5 0.5 1 0.5 9 0.5 6 1.5 3.5 4.5 3.5 .5 5 3.5 0.5 5 3.5 0.5 1 4.5 1.5 Pierre Boulez:
Polyphonie X , quarter-tone series [142]
1950–51
 0 20  1 10  9 11
17 15 16  7  2  6
23 21 22 13  8 12
18 14 19  4  3  5
10 9.5 4.5 0.5 1 3 1 0.5 4.5 2.5 2 8.5 1 0.5 4.5 2.5 2 3 2 2.5 7.5 0.5 1 Karlheinz Stockhausen:
Himmelfahrt , mod24 (no octave equivalency) [143]
2004–
2005

See also

Sources

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  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Kuster, Andrew (2000). "Stravinsky's Topology: An Examination of his Twelve-Tone Works through Object-Oriented Analysis of Structural and Poetic-Expressive Relationships with Special Attention to his Choral Works and Threni Archived 2013-12-03 at the Wayback Machine ". D.M.A. diss. (University of Colorado). Retrieved 4 November 2013.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Dunker, Amy. "Twelve Tone Rows Used by Various Composers". AmyDunker.com: 3. Retrieved 4 November 2013.
  4. 1 2 3 Hunter, David J.; von Hippel, Paul T. (Feb., 2003). "How Rare Is Symmetry in Musical 12-Tone Rows?". The American Mathematical Monthly (Mathematical Association of America) 110 (2): 124–132. Retrieved 4 November 2013.
  5. Whittall, Arnold (2008). The Cambridge Introduction to Serialism. Cambridge Introductions to Music. New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 71. ISBN   978-0-521-68200-8.
  6. Whittall 2008, p. 2.
  7. Dunker, Amy. "Twelve Tone Rows Used by Various Composers". AmyDunker.com: 1. Retrieved 4 November 2013.
  8. Lewin, David (Autumn 1962). "A Theory of Segmental Association in Twelve-Tone Music". Perspectives of New Music . 1 (1): 89–116 (93). JSTOR   832181.
  9. Mayfield, Connie (2013). Theory Essentials. p. 549. ISBN   9781133713807.
  10. 1 2 Morris, Robert (2010). The Whistling Blackbird: Essays and Talks on New Music. University Rochester. p. 188. ISBN   9781580463492.
  11. Brian Alegant and Martin Lofthouse, "Having Your Cake and Eating It, Too: The Property of Reflection in Twelve-Tone Rows (Or, Further Extensions on the Mallelieu Complex)", Perspectives of New Music 40, no. 2 (Summer 2002): 233–272. Citation on pp. 235–237. JSTOR   25164497
  12. 1 2 Bailey 1991 , p. 26
  13. Leeuw, Ton de (2005). Music of the Twentieth Century: A Study of Its Elements and Structure. Translated by Stephen Taylor. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. p. 161. ISBN   90-5356-765-8. Translation of Muziek van de twintigste eeuw: een onderzoek naar haar elementen en structuur. Utrecht: Oosthoek, 1964. Third impression, Utrecht: Bohn, Scheltema & Holkema, 1977. ISBN   90-313-0244-9.
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  17. "An Interview with Roger Reynolds", Performance Arts Encyclopedia. Accessed May 27, 2015.
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Related Research Articles

In music, a tone row or note row, also series or set, is a non-repetitive ordering of a set of pitch-classes, typically of the twelve notes in musical set theory of the chromatic scale, though both larger and smaller sets are sometimes found.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Atonality</span> Music that lacks a tonal center or key

Atonality in its broadest sense is music that lacks a tonal center, or key. Atonality, in this sense, usually describes compositions written from about the early 20th-century to the present day, where a hierarchy of harmonies focusing on a single, central triad is not used, and the notes of the chromatic scale function independently of one another. More narrowly, the term atonality describes music that does not conform to the system of tonal hierarchies that characterized European classical music between the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries. "The repertory of atonal music is characterized by the occurrence of pitches in novel combinations, as well as by the occurrence of familiar pitch combinations in unfamiliar environments".

The Second Viennese School was the group of composers that comprised Arnold Schoenberg and his pupils, particularly Alban Berg and Anton Webern, and close associates in early 20th-century Vienna. Their music was initially characterized by late-Romantic expanded tonality and later, a totally chromatic expressionism without firm tonal centre, often referred to as atonality; and later still, Schoenberg's serial twelve-tone technique. Adorno said that the twelve-tone method, when it had evolved into maturity, was a "veritable message in a bottle", addressed to an unknown and uncertain future. Though this common development took place, it neither followed a common time-line nor a cooperative path. Likewise, it was not a direct result of Schoenberg's teaching—which, as his various published textbooks demonstrate, was highly traditional and conservative. Schoenberg's textbooks also reveal that the Second Viennese School spawned not from the development of his serial method, but rather from the influence of his creative example.

In music, serialism is a method of composition using series of pitches, rhythms, dynamics, timbres or other musical elements. Serialism began primarily with Arnold Schoenberg's twelve-tone technique, though some of his contemporaries were also working to establish serialism as a form of post-tonal thinking. Twelve-tone technique orders the twelve notes of the chromatic scale, forming a row or series and providing a unifying basis for a composition's melody, harmony, structural progressions, and variations. Other types of serialism also work with sets, collections of objects, but not necessarily with fixed-order series, and extend the technique to other musical dimensions, such as duration, dynamics, and timbre.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Twelve-tone technique</span> Musical composition method

The twelve-tone technique—also known as dodecaphony, twelve-tone serialism, and twelve-note composition—is a method of musical composition first devised by Austrian composer Josef Matthias Hauer, who published his "law of the twelve tones" in 1919. In 1923, Arnold Schoenberg (1874–1951) developed his own, better-known version of 12-tone technique, which became associated with the "Second Viennese School" composers, who were the primary users of the technique in the first decades of its existence. The technique is a means of ensuring that all 12 notes of the chromatic scale are sounded as often as one another in a piece of music while preventing the emphasis of any one note through the use of tone rows, orderings of the 12 pitch classes. All 12 notes are thus given more or less equal importance, and the music avoids being in a key. Over time, the technique increased greatly in popularity and eventually became widely influential on 20th-century composers. Many important composers who had originally not subscribed to or actively opposed the technique, such as Aaron Copland and Igor Stravinsky, eventually adopted it in their music.

20th-century classical music is art music that was written between the years 1901 and 2000, inclusive. Musical style diverged during the 20th century as it never had previously, so this century was without a dominant style. Modernism, impressionism, and post-romanticism can all be traced to the decades before the turn of the 20th century, but can be included because they evolved beyond the musical boundaries of the 19th-century styles that were part of the earlier common practice period. Neoclassicism and expressionism came mostly after 1900. Minimalism started much later in the century and can be seen as a change from the modern to postmodern era, although some date postmodernism from as early as about 1930. Aleatory, atonality, serialism, musique concrète, electronic music, and concept music were all developed during the century. Jazz and ethnic folk music became important influences on many composers during this century.

Contemporary classical music is Western art music composed close to the present day. At the beginning of the 21st century, it commonly referred to the post-1945 modern forms of post-tonal music after the death of Anton Webern, and included serial music, electronic music, experimental music, and minimalist music. Newer forms of music include spectral music, and post-minimalism.

In music using the twelve tone technique, combinatoriality is a quality shared by twelve-tone tone rows whereby each section of a row and a proportionate number of its transformations combine to form aggregates. Much as the pitches of an aggregate created by a tone row do not need to occur simultaneously, the pitches of a combinatorially created aggregate need not occur simultaneously. Arnold Schoenberg, creator of the twelve-tone technique, often combined P-0/I-5 to create "two aggregates, between the first hexachords of each, and the second hexachords of each, respectively."

<span class="mw-page-title-main">George Perle</span> American composer

George Perle was an American composer and music theorist. As a composer, his music was largely atonal, using methods similar to the twelve-tone technique of the Second Viennese School. This serialist style, and atonality in general, was the subject of much of his theoretical writings. His 1962 book, Serial Composition and Atonality: An Introduction to the Music of Schoenberg, Berg, and Webern remains a standard text for 20th-century classical music theory. Among Perle's awards was the 1986 Pulitzer Prize for Music for his Wind Quintet No. 4.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Modernism (music)</span> Changes in musical form during the early 20th Century

In music, modernism is an aesthetic stance underlying the period of change and development in musical language that occurred around the turn of the 20th century, a period of diverse reactions in challenging and reinterpreting older categories of music, innovations that led to new ways of organizing and approaching harmonic, melodic, sonic, and rhythmic aspects of music, and changes in aesthetic worldviews in close relation to the larger identifiable period of modernism in the arts of the time. The operative word most associated with it is "innovation". Its leading feature is a "linguistic plurality", which is to say that no one music genre ever assumed a dominant position.

Inherent within musical modernism is the conviction that music is not a static phenomenon defined by timeless truths and classical principles, but rather something which is intrinsically historical and developmental. While belief in musical progress or in the principle of innovation is not new or unique to modernism, such values are particularly important within modernist aesthetic stances.

In music a time point or timepoint is "an instant, analogous to a geometrical point in space". Because it has no duration, it literally cannot be heard, but it may be used to represent "the point of initiation of a single pitch, the repetition of a pitch, or a pitch simultaneity", therefore the beginning of a sound, rather than its duration. It may also designate the release of a note or the point within a note at which something changes. Other terms often used in music theory and analysis are attack point and starting point. Milton Babbitt calls the distance from one time point, attack, or starting point to the next a time-point interval, independent of the durations of the sounding notes which may be either shorter than the time-point interval, or longer. Charles Wuorinen shortens this expression to just time interval. Other writers use the terms attack interval, or, interval of entry, interval of entrance, or starting interval.

Kreuzspiel (Crossplay) is a composition by Karlheinz Stockhausen written for oboe, bass clarinet, piano and four percussionists in 1951. It is assigned the number 1/7 in the composer's catalogue of works.

Gruppen for three orchestras (1955–57) is amongst the best-known compositions of German composer Karlheinz Stockhausen, and is Work Number 6 in the composer's catalog of works. Gruppen is "a landmark in 20th-century music ... probably the first work of the post-war generation of composers in which technique and imagination combine on the highest level to produce an undisputable masterpiece".

Die Reihe was a German-language music academic journal, edited by Herbert Eimert and Karlheinz Stockhausen and published by Universal Edition (Vienna) between 1955 and 1962. An English edition was published, under the original German title, between 1957 and 1968 by the Theodore Presser Company in association with Universal Edition (London). A related book series titled "Bücher der Reihe" was begun, but only one title ever appeared in it, Herbert Eimert's Grundlagen der musikalischen Reihentechnik.

<i>Composition for Four Instruments</i> 1948 music composition by Milton Babbitt

Composition for Four Instruments (1948) is an early serial music composition written by American composer Milton Babbitt. It is Babbitt's first published ensemble work, following shortly after his Three Compositions for Piano (1947). In both these pieces, Babbitt expands upon the methods of twelve-tone composition developed by Arnold Schoenberg. He is notably innovative for his application of serial techniques to rhythm. Composition for Four Instruments is considered one of the early examples of “totally serialized” music. It is remarkable for a strong sense of integration and concentration on its particular premises—qualities that caused Elliott Carter, upon first hearing it in 1951, to persuade New Music Edition to publish it.

Punctualism is a style of musical composition prevalent in Europe between 1949 and 1955 "whose structures are predominantly effected from tone to tone, without superordinate formal conceptions coming to bear". In simpler terms: "music that consists of separately formed particles—however complexly these may be composed—[is called] punctual music, as opposed to linear, or group-formed, or mass-formed music", bolding in the source). This was accomplished by assigning to each note in a composition values drawn from scales of pitch, duration, dynamics, and attack characteristics, resulting in a "stronger individualizing of separate tones". Another important factor was maintaining discrete values in all parameters of the music. Punctual dynamics, for example

mean that all dynamic degrees are fixed; one point will be linked directly to another on the chosen scale, without any intervening transition or gesture. Line-dynamics, on the other hand, involve the transitions from one given amplitude to another: crescendo, decrescendo and their combinations. This second category can be defined as a dynamic glissando, comparable to glissandi of pitch and of tempi.

Anton Webern's Concerto for Nine Instruments, Op. 24, written in 1934, is a twelve-tone concerto for nine instruments: flute, oboe, clarinet, horn, trumpet, trombone, violin, viola, and piano. It consists of three movements:

A duration row or duration series is an ordering of a set of durations, in analogy with the tone row or twelve-tone set.

Leonard David Stein was a musicologist, pianist, conductor, university teacher, and influential in promoting contemporary music on the American West Coast. He was for years Arnold Schoenberg's assistant, music director of the Schoenberg Institute at USC, and among the foremost authorities on Schoenberg's music. He was also an influential teacher in the lives of many younger composers, such as the influential minimalist La Monte Young.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chromatic hexachord</span> Hexachord in music theory

In music theory, the chromatic hexachord is the hexachord consisting of a consecutive six-note segment of the chromatic scale. It is the first hexachord as ordered by Forte number, and its complement is the chromatic hexachord at the tritone. For example, zero through five and six through eleven. On C: