M. S. Valiathan

Marthanda Varma Sankaran Valiathan Ch M (Liverpool), FRCS (England), FRCS (Edin.), FRCPS(C), FRCP( Lon)
Born	(1934-05-24) 24 May 1934 (age 89) Mavelikara, Kingdom of Travancore British India
Nationality	Indian
Alma mater	University of Kerala University of Liverpool Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
Occupation	cardio-thoracic surgeon
Spouse	Ashima
Children	Manna; Manish
Parent(s)	Marthanda Varma Janaki Varma

Marthanda Varma Sankaran Valiathan (born 24 May 1934) is an Indian cardiac surgeon. He is a former President of the Indian National Science Academy and National Research Professor of the Government of India. ^{[1] [2]}

He was awarded the Padma Vibushan in 2005 for his contributions to health technology in India. He was made a Chevalier in the Ordre des Palmes Académiques, an honour bestowed by the French government, in 1999. He received the Dr. Samuel P. Asper International Award from the Johns Hopkins University Medical School in 2009 for his contributions to international medical education. ^[3]

Early life and education

He was born to Marthanda Varma and Janaki Varma in 1934. His early education was at a government school in Mavelikara, followed by the University College, Trivandrum. Valiathan's medical education took place at the Medical College, Trivandrum, University of Kerala, where he obtained his M B B S degree(1951-1956). ^[4] He later went to the University of Liverpool in Liverpool, England as a surgical trainee and received his fellowship from the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh and England in 1960 and master's degree in surgery from the University of Liverpool. ^[4] After a brief stint as a faculty member at the Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh he underwent further training in cardiac surgery at the Johns Hopkins, George Washington, and Georgetown University Hospitals, USA. ^[4] He worked as a Fellow of Doctors Vincent Gott at the Hopkins and Charles Hufnagel at the Georgetown University

With mentor, Dr. Charles Hufnagel

He was also granted the fellowship of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada in cardiovascular surgery in 1970. ^[3]

Academic career

He has served on the faculty of the Georgetown University Hospital, ^[5] Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, ^[6] Indian Institute of Technology, Madras ^[5] and as director of Sree Chitra Thirunal Institute of Medical Sciences and Technology. ^[7] Subsequently, Valiathan became the first Vice-Chancellor of Manipal University in 1994. ^[1]

Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute (1974–1994)

In 1972, Valiathan returned to India and had an uncertain beginning at the Safdarjung Hospital in New Delhi. Soon after he moved to Indian Institute of Technology Madras where his responsibility was teaching with low priority for research. Several friends and colleagues, including Dr. Hufnagel wondered whether he had made a foolish mistake in opting to leave the United States. However he received an invitation from the Government of Kerala where the Chief Minister, Shri Achutha Menon, asked him to develop a hospital for specialities in the new, unoccupied building of Sree Chitra Tirunal Center, Trivandrum, and gave him freedom and authority to accomplish the task. The hospital was set up in two years and patients with cardiovascular and neurologic diseases admitted for treatment. Simultaneously the development of cardiovascular devices was initiated with the support of the Science and Engineering Research Council of the Government of India. As Sree Chitra Institute grew, it received support from prime minister Morarji Desai and was notified as "An Institution of National Importance" by an Act of Parliament within five years of Dr. Valiathan's leadership.

Chitra valve development

In 1975, the demand for prosthetic valves was high in the hospital, which could not be met by imported valves in view of prohibitive cost. The state of Kerala had but one licensed abattoir at that time in Koothattukulam, which slaughtered less than 200 pigs per month and made porcine valve development unviable. As autopsies were much fewer, homograft valve development was even less viable. Under these circumstances, Dr. Valiathan and his team opted to develop a mechanical valve of tilting-disc design. The currently marketed Chitra-TTK valve is the fourth model in a series that was developed over a decade of effort.

In the first model, the major and minor struts were electron beam welded and the valve was expected to withstand 360 million cycles of disc movement. Unfortunately, the major strut fractured at the weld after a mere 100,000 cycles due to weld embrittlement. In the second model, the disk was made of single crystal sapphire which was inert and blood compatible. The housing was carved out of a block of titanium. This model failed as well because of extensive wear of titanium struts and escape of the disc. The third model had a housing made of a highly wear- resistant superalloy, "Haynes-25", a cobalt based alloy of chromium, nickel and tungsten. This model went through all the tests successfully and several sheep with the implanted valve were alive and well for months until the death of one animal at 3 months after valve implantation. Necropsy showed that the sapphire disc had fractured and caused the death of the animal. This was a major setback in the quest for a cheap, local made heart valve ^{[8] [9]}

Chitra valve development- changing perception of intelligentsia

However the fourth model was a success and more than 100,000 valves have been implanted in patients (till 2016).The multidisciplinary team at the Sree Chitra Institute led by Dr.Valiathan also developed a vascular graft and a series of disposable devices such as blood bag, oxygenator and cardiotomy reservoir, which are in commercial production in industrial units in Kerala and Tamil Nadu. ^[10]

Vice Chancellor

After about twenty years at Sri Chitra, Dr. Valiathan became the vice-chancellor of the newly set up Manipal University (then MAHE, Manipal Academy of Higher Education). ^{[1] [5]} He held this office till 1999.

Books on Ayurvedia pioneers

In the year 1999, he was awarded a Senior Fellowship by the Homi Bhabha Council ^[11] to pursue a study of Caraka, which culminated in the publication a book "The Legacy of Caraka". ^[12] Later on, as a National Research Professor, he carried out a study of Sushruta and Vagbhata and completed the series of Legacy volumes on the ` Great Three' of Ayurveda. ^{[13] [14]}

In an interview, Dr. Valiathan had observed, "At this time there is no common ground where physicists, chemists, immunologists and molecular biologists can interact with Ayurvedic physicians. Ayurveda is not only the mother of medicine but also of all life sciences in India. In spite of it, science has been completely divorced from Ayurveda... But these are the interdisciplinary areas where advances will take place." ^[10] Earlier in another article, he had written, "To ignore the testimony of thousands of patients over many decades is reminiscent of the derisive attitude of Edward Jenner's contemporaries in Gloucestershire who despised the claim of milkmaids that cow pox gave them protection from small pox! When Jenner wrote to his mentor John Hunter on the observed facts and the arguments against it, Hunter gave his famous reply, "Why think? Why not experiment?". That applies to Ayurveda whose time to experiment has arrived. ^[15]

Research in basic sciences

Currently, Dr. Valiathan is engaged in promoting research in basic sciences, based on cues from Ayurvedic concepts and procedures. The research in prominent institutes is being supported by government funding in "A Science Initiative in Ayurveda" (ASIIA). In his report, during the seventeenth meeting of the Scientific Advisory Committee to the Cabinet (SAC-C) in 2009, under the Chairmanship of Dr. R. Chidambaram, Principal Scientific Adviser to the Government of India, Dr. Valiathan lauded the support of the Indian government while presenting an update on ongoing projects. ^[16] ASIIA made good progress and has been taken over by the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, for sustained support under a "Task Force in Ayurvedic Biology", which appears on the SERB website. He has also given a course of video lectures on ` The Ayurvedic Inheritance of India ' under the NPTEL programme of the IITs of India. <sup>[17]</sup> These lectures provided the material for his book ` Ayurvedic Inheritance; A Reader's Companion'published by Manipal University Press in 2017. ^{[18] [19]}

Awards and honours

Dr.Valiathan's contributions to medical sciences and technology have brought him many honours and awards such as the Fellowships of the Indian Academy of Sciences, Indian National Science Academy, National Academy of Sciences, India, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Indian National Academy of Engineering, The World Academy of Sciences, American College of Cardiology, the Royal College of Physicians of London and the International Union of Societies of Biomaterials and Engineering. He is a Hunterian Professor of the Royal College of Surgeons of England and a Senior Member of the Society of Thoracic Surgeons of the United States and the Society of Cardiothoracic Surgeons of Great Britain. ^[20] The French Government has honoured him by making him a Chevalier in the order of Palmes Académiques. ^[20] He is a recipient of many Awards for Science, Technology and Education, which include the R.D. Birla Award, O.P. Bhasin Award, Jawaharlal Nehru Award, Dhanwantari Prize, Aryabhata medal, Basanti Devi Amirchand Prize, J.C. Bose medal, Kerala State Science and Technology Award, B.C. Guha Award, Pinnamaneni Foundation Award, Sat Pal Mittal Award, G.M. Modi Award, M. V. Pylee Award, H.K. Firodia Award and the Sastra Puraskaram of the Kerala Government. ^{[20] [21]} He received the Dr. Samuel P. Asper International Award from the Johns Hopkins University, USA ^[3] for his contributions to medical education.

M.S.Valiathan

Professor Valiathan served on numerous Government committees and academic councils which pertain to education, medicine, science and technology. These include, among many others, the University Grants Commission, ^[22] Indian Council of Medical Research, ^[23] Science and Engineering Research Council of the DST, ^[24] Atomic Energy Regulatory Board and the Science Advisory Committee to the Cabinet. ^[25] He was the Chairman of the Committee on Bioethics of the Indian Council of Medical Research and was previously the Chairman of the State Committee for Science, Technology and Environment of the Government of Kerala. He is a past President of the Association of Indian Universities. ^[26]

Valiathan has received numerous honorary degrees, fellowships and awards

• Honorary Fellow Indian College of Cardiology
• Delhi University in Delhi (D.Sc.)^{[ citation needed ]}
• Banaras Hindu University in Varanasi (D.Sc.)^{[ citation needed ]}
• Indira Gandhi National Open University in New Delhi (D.Sc.)^{[ citation needed ]}
• Kanpur University in Kanpur (D.Sc.)^{[ citation needed ]}
• Bengal Engineering and Science University in Sibpur (D.Sc.)^{[ citation needed ]}
• Panjab University in Chandigarh (D.Sc.)^{[ citation needed ]}
• TransDisciplinary University in Bangalore (D.Litt) February 2021.
• Honorary Fellow, Kerala Academy of Sciences ^[27]
• Hyderabad University in Hyderabad (D.Sc.)^{[ citation needed ]}
• Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences in New Delhi ( D. Sc.) February 2018
• Padma Vibhushan in 2005. ^[28]
• Padma Bhushan in 1990 ^[29]
• Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Trivandrum named a new hybrid in their Orchid Breeding Programme Paphiopedilum M S Valiathan in his honour. Paphiopedilum M S Valiathan is registered with the International Register of Orchid Hybrids ( Sander's list ) 114:1270 ( July — Aug 2006) ^[30]
• A new R & D facility named M S Valiathan Medical Devices Engineering Block was inaugurated by Union Minister Dr Harsh Vardhan at the Sree Chitra Institute, Trivandrum on 16 May 2015 ^[31]

Bibliography

• Valiathan, M. S. (1993). Endomyocardial Fibrosis. Vol. 6. Oxford University Press. pp. 212–216. ISBN   978-0-19-563237-8. PMID   7694719.{{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
• Valiathan, M. S. (2003). The Legacy of Caraka. Orient Longman. ISBN   81-250-2505-7.
• Valiathan, M. S. (2005). Charakapaithrikam. (Tr. into Malayalam of Legacy of Caraka). DC Books. ISBN   81-264-1072-8.
• Valiathan, M. S. (2007). The Legacy of Susruta (Tr. into Malayalam of Legacy of Susruta by Dr. K. Muthulakshmy). Orient Longman. ISBN   978-81-250-3150-5.
• Valiathan, M. S. (2010). Susrutha Paithrukam.(Tr. into Malayalam of Legacy of Susruta). DC Books. ISBN   978-81-264-2527-3.
• Valiathan, M. S. (2010). The Legacy of Vagbhata. Universities Press. ISBN   978-81-737-1668-3.
• Valiathan, M. S. (2012). An Introduction to Ayurveda. Universities Press. ISBN   978-81-7371-827-4.
• Valiathan, M S.( 2012).Vagbhatapaithrukam.( Tr.into Malayalam of Legacy of Vagbhata).DCBooks. ISBN   978-81-264-3890-7
• Valiathan M S.(2017) Ayurvedic Inheritance- A Reader's Companion. Manipal University Press ISBN   978-93-82460-58-9

References

1. Joshi, Kalpana (2012). "Insights into Ayurvedic biology—sA conversation with Professor M.S. Valiathan". Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine. 3 (4): 226–229. doi: 10.4103/0975-9476.104450 . ISSN   0975-9476. PMC   3545245 . PMID   23326096.
2. Valiathan, MS (2008). "A Surgeon's Quest". J Biosci. 33 (–000): 313–326. doi:10.1007/s12038-008-0050-7. PMID   19005230. S2CID   43804903.
3. Khakhar, Prof. Devang. "DIRECTOR'S REPORT, IIT MUMBAI" (PDF). deep.iitb.ac.in. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 June 2021. Retrieved 15 June 2021.
4. doctor.ndtv.com. "Cardiac Surgery". Doctor.ndtv.com. Retrieved 15 June 2021.
5. "Eminent Indians in Medicine" (PDF). Retrieved 15 June 2021.
6. "Birth centenary of PGI co-founder observed | Chandigarh News – Times of India". The Times of India. 8 November 2009. Retrieved 15 June 2021.
7. "Former Directors". SCTIMST. Retrieved 24 January 2018.
8. Raj, N. Gopal (23 December 2009). "Indigenous heart valve makes a difference". The Hindu. Retrieved 15 June 2021.
9. Valiathan, Marthanda Varma Sankaran (5 March 2018). "Frugal innovation in cardiac surgery". Indian Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 34 (3): 439–448. doi:10.1007/s12055-018-0652-0. ISSN   0970-9134. PMC   7525930 . PMID   33060913.
10. Yadugiri, VT (2010). "The evolution of a surgeon and innovator: M.S.Valiathan". Current Science. 99 (7).
11. "List of Senior Awardees". homibhabhafellowships.com. Retrieved 15 June 2021.
12. Valiathan, M. S. (2003). The Legacy of Caraka. Orient Blackswan. ISBN   978-81-250-2505-4.
13. Balaji M, Potbhare. "A HISTORICAL APPROACH FOR UNDERSTANDING AYURVEDA". International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharma Research (PDF). Retrieved 15 June 2021.
14. "Valiathan, M. S." worldcat.org. Retrieved 15 June 2021.
15. Valiathan, MS (2010). Thatte, U (ed.). "Ayurveda: The time to experiment". Int J Ayurveda Res. 1 (1): 3. doi: 10.4103/0974-7788.59935 . PMC   2876927 . PMID   20532089.
16. "Summary Record of Discussion of the Seventeenth Meeting of Scientific Advisory Committee to the Cabinet (SAC-C) held on 22 April 2009, at New Delhi" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 October 2011.
17. "NPTEL". 28 October 2015. Archived from the original on 28 October 2015. Retrieved 15 June 2021.
18. B., Barapatre Nishant; P., Joglekar Vishnu (2017). "Ayurvedic inheritance – a reader's companion". Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine. 8 (4): 276–278. doi:10.1016/j.jaim.2017.09.004. PMC   5747513 .
19. Valiathan, M. S. (1 May 2017). Ayurvedic Inheritance: A Reader's Companion, published by Manipal Universal Press. Manipal Universal Press. ISBN   978-93-82460-58-9 . Retrieved 15 June 2021.
20. "INSA :: Indian Fellow Detail". insaindia.res.in. Retrieved 15 June 2021.
21. Prasanna, Laxmi Ajai (11 October 2013). "Dr M S Valiathan has been chosen for this year's prestigious Kerala Sasthra Puraskaram". The Times of India. Retrieved 15 June 2021.
22. "UGC Annual Report 1997-1998" (PDF). N.I.E.P.A. Retrieved 15 June 2021.
23. "XII PLAN DOCUMENT (2012-2017)" (PDF). dhr.gov.in/. Retrieved 15 June 2021.
24. "Report of The Steering Committee on Science and Technology for Eleventh Five Year Plan (2007-12)" (PDF). dst.gov.in. Retrieved 15 June 2021.
25. "Atomic Energy Regulatory Board ANNUAL REPORT 2001-2002" (PDF). nti.org. Retrieved 15 June 2021.
26. "PRESIDENT". aiu.ac.in. Retrieved 15 June 2021.
27. "Dr. M.S. Valiathan". kas.org.in. Retrieved 22 December 2021.
28. "Padma Vibhushan for J.N. Dixit, R*K. Laxman". The Hindu . 26 January 2006. Archived from the original on 7 February 2005. Retrieved 17 July 2007.
29. "Padma Awards" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 October 2015. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
30. "Orchid to be named after M. S. Valiathan". The Hindu. 22 February 2014. Retrieved 15 June 2021.
31. "Union Minister Dr Harsh Vardhan unveils TiMED, e-payment at Chitra". Deccan Chronicle. Deccan Chronicle. 17 May 2015. Retrieved 15 June 2021.