Michael Stratton

Last updated

Sir Michael Stratton
FRS FMedSci FRCPath
Born
Michael Rudolf Stratton

(1957-06-22) 22 June 1957 (age 66) [1]
Education Haberdashers' Aske's Boys' School
Alma mater University of Oxford (BM BCh)
University of London (PhD) [2]
Known for
Spouse
Judith Breuer
​
(m. 1981)​
[1]
Awards
Louis-Jeantet Prize for Medicine (2013) [4]
Scientific career
Institutions Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute
Institute of Cancer Research
Guy's Hospital
University of Oxford [1]
Thesis Role of genetic alterations in the genesis of human soft tissue tumours and medulloblastoma  (1990)
Doctoral students Nazneen Rahman [5] [6] [7] [8]
Ludmil Alexandrov [9]
Website sanger.ac.uk/research/faculty/mstratton

Sir Michael Rudolf Stratton, FRS FMedSci FRCPath (born 22 June 1957) is a British clinical scientist and the third director of the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute. He currently heads the Cancer Genome Project and is a leader of the International Cancer Genome Consortium. [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19]

Contents

Education

Stratton was educated at the independent Haberdashers' Aske's Boys' School and obtained a Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery degree from the University of Oxford where he was a student of Brasenose College, Oxford. He completed his clinical training at Guy's Hospital before training as a histopathologist at the Hammersmith and Maudsley Hospitals in London.[ citation needed ] He obtained a PhD while working on Medulloblastomas [2] in the molecular biology of cancer at the Institute of Cancer Research, awarded by the University of London in 1990. [2]

Career and research

Stratton has held clinical posts at Guy's Hospital, Westminster Hospital, Hammersmith Hospital and the Royal Marsden Hospital. [1] He took up a Faculty appointment and now holds a Professorship at the Institute of Cancer Research. He joined the Sanger Institute in 2000 and was promoted to deputy director in 2007. In May 2010, he was appointed director, succeeding Allan Bradley. [20]

Stratton's research interests [21] are in the area of genetics of cancer. In 1994, he assembled a research group that localised BRCA2, [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] a major breast cancer susceptibility gene that repairs chromosomal damage, to chromosome 13. [27] The following year his team identified the gene and, in doing so generated a megabase segment of high-quality human genome sequence. [28] [29] His subsequent work has involved the identification of more moderate cancer susceptibility genes such as CHEK2, [30] ATM [31] and PALB2 [32] each of which play a role in some breast cancers. He has additionally identified genes implicated in the development of skin, testis, colorectal and thyroid cancers, Wilms tumour and Peutz–Jeghers syndrome. [33]

At the announcement of the completion of the Human Genome Project in 2000, Stratton discussed using genome sequences to revolutionise cancer treatment. [29] He and Andy Futreal had already initiated the Cancer Genome Project at the Sanger Centre, as it was then known, to use genome-wide analysis to find somatic mutations in human cancers. [34] According to fellow cancer researcher Chris Marshall, doing so prior to the completion of the human genome sequence was an "audacious idea." [35] The aims of the project are to identify new cancer genes, to understand how cancers develop and to study how the structure of genomes influence cancer. In 2002 and 2004, Stratton's team discovered mutations in the BRAF [36] and ERBB2 [37] genes in approximately 60 per cent of malignant melanomas and 4 per cent of non-small-cell lung cancers respectively. [33]

In 2009, Stratton and colleagues reported the first complete cancer genomes, from a lung tumour and a melanoma. [29] [38] They also analysed the genomes from 24 different breast tumours and found a diversity of DNA abnormalities, indicating that cancers can be divided in more subcategories than previously thought. [38] [39] Stratton's team maintain the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) database, a set of online resources available to the scientific community. [40] He is also one of the lead researchers in the International Cancer Genome Project, a £600 million, multi-national project to sequence 25 000 cancer genomes, from 50 different types of cancer. [33] Stratton's research has been funded by the Wellcome Trust and the Medical Research Council (MRC). [41]

Controversy

In August 2018 it was reported that an investigation was under way into allegations of bullying of staff and gender discrimination made against senior management of the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, including Stratton. [42] The independent investigation, carried out by the barrister Thomas Kibling from Matrix Chambers, concluded in October 2018 and cleared Stratton of any wrongdoing.[ citation needed ] The public report stated that the allegation of bullying was "misplaced, unwarranted and misconceived", while also listing areas for improvement in the workings of the Sanger Institute. [43] [44] Some of the claimants disputed these findings. [45]

Awards and honours

Stratton was elected a Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences (FMedSci) in 1999, elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 2008, elected to EMBO Membership in 2009 [3] and was awarded the Lila Gruber Cancer Research Award in 2010. He was knighted in the 2013 Birthday Honours for services to medical science. [46] [47] His nomination for the Royal Society reads:

Michael Stratton is distinguished for his contributions to the genetics of human cancer. Using genetic linkage studies and positional cloning, he mapped and isolated the breast cancer susceptibility gene BRCA2 and subsequently other cancer predisposition genes: CYLD and STK11. To provide a new approach to find cancer genes he promoted the notion of large scale systematic searches of the human genome for somatic mutations in cancer and initiated the Cancer Genome Project leading to the discovery of BRAF as a melanoma gene. His work has important implications for the understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying cancer, diagnosis and therapy. [48]

In May 2022, Stratton was awarded the inaugural 'In Search of Wonder Lifetime Achievement Award' at the Cambridge Independent's Science and Technology Awards, sponsored by Waterbeach creative design agency JDJ Creative. [49] He received the award at a ceremony held at the Wellcome Genome Campus, just three months after announcing his decision to step down as director of the Wellcome Sanger Institute and CEO of the Wellcome Genome Campus after 12 years in the post. [50]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">BRCA1</span> Gene known for its role in breast cancer

Breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BRCA1 gene. Orthologs are common in other vertebrate species, whereas invertebrate genomes may encode a more distantly related gene. BRCA1 is a human tumor suppressor gene and is responsible for repairing DNA.

The Institute of Cancer Research is a public research institute and a member institution of the University of London in London, United Kingdom, specialising in oncology. It was founded in 1909 as a research department of the Royal Marsden Hospital and joined the University of London in 2003. It has been responsible for a number of breakthrough discoveries, including that the basic cause of cancer is damage to DNA.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">BRCA2</span> Gene known for its role in breast cancer

BRCA2 and BRCA2 are human genes and their protein products, respectively. The official symbol and the official name are maintained by the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee. One alternative symbol, FANCD1, recognizes its association with the FANC protein complex. Orthologs, styled Brca2 and Brca2, are common in other vertebrate species. BRCA2 is a human tumor suppressor gene, found in all humans; its protein, also called by the synonym breast cancer type 2 susceptibility protein, is responsible for repairing DNA.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wellcome Sanger Institute</span> British genomics research institute

The Wellcome Sanger Institute, previously known as The Sanger Centre and Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, is a non-profit British genomics and genetics research institute, primarily funded by the Wellcome Trust.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Oncogenomics</span> Sub-field of genomics

Oncogenomics is a sub-field of genomics that characterizes cancer-associated genes. It focuses on genomic, epigenomic and transcript alterations in cancer.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">CHEK2</span> Protein-coding gene in humans

CHEK2 is a tumor suppressor gene that encodes the protein CHK2, a serine-threonine kinase. CHK2 is involved in DNA repair, cell cycle arrest or apoptosis in response to DNA damage. Mutations to the CHEK2 gene have been linked to a wide range of cancers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">STK11</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Serine/threonine kinase 11 (STK11) also known as liver kinase B1 (LKB1) or renal carcinoma antigen NY-REN-19 is a protein kinase that in humans is encoded by the STK11 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">CYLD (gene)</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

The CYLD lysine 63 deubiquitinase gene, also termed the CYLD gene, CYLD is an evolutionary ancient gene found to be present as far back on the evolutionary scale as in sponges. In humans, this gene is located in band 12.1 on the long arm of chromosome 16 and is known to code multiple proteins through the process of alternative splicing.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">RAD51C</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

RAD51 homolog C , also known as RAD51C, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the RAD51C gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SHFM1</span> Gene of the species Homo sapiens

26S proteasome complex subunit DSS1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SHFM1 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">PALB2</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Partner and localizer of BRCA2, also known as PALB2 or FANCN, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the PALB2 gene.

TOX high mobility group box family member 3, also known as TOX3, is a human gene.

Alan Ashworth, FRS is a British molecular biologist, noted for his work on genes involved in cancer susceptibility. He is currently the President of the UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of California, San Francisco, a multidisciplinary research and clinical care organisation that is one of the largest cancer centres in the Western United States. He was previously CEO of the Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) in London.

Cancer genome sequencing is the whole genome sequencing of a single, homogeneous or heterogeneous group of cancer cells. It is a biochemical laboratory method for the characterization and identification of the DNA or RNA sequences of cancer cell(s).

COSMIC is an online database of somatically acquired mutations found in human cancer. Somatic mutations are those that occur in non-germline cells that are not inherited by children. COSMIC, an acronym of Catalogue Of Somatic Mutations In Cancer, curates data from papers in the scientific literature and large scale experimental screens from the Cancer Genome Project at the Sanger Institute. The database is freely available to academic researchers and commercially licensed to others.

Sir Bruce Anthony John Ponder FMedSci FAACR FRS FRCP is an English geneticist and cancer researcher. He is Emeritus Professor of Oncology at the University of Cambridge and former director of the Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute and of the Cancer Research UK Cambridge Cancer Centre.

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Sabera Nazneen Rahman is a geneticist who specialises in cancer research and is a non-executive director for AstraZeneca. She was previously head of Genetics and Epidemiology at the Institute of Cancer Research.

Mutational signatures are characteristic combinations of mutation types arising from specific mutagenesis processes such as DNA replication infidelity, exogenous and endogenous genotoxin exposures, defective DNA repair pathways, and DNA enzymatic editing.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jórunn Erla Eyfjörð</span> Icelandic academic

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References

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  14. ↑ Futreal, P. A.; Coin, L; Marshall, M; Down, T; Hubbard, T; Wooster, R; Rahman, N; Stratton, M. R. (2004). "A census of human cancer genes". Nature Reviews Cancer. 4 (3): 177–83. doi:10.1038/nrc1299. PMC   2665285 . PMID   14993899.
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  17. ↑ Patterns of mutation in human cancer genomes – video of a seminar given by Stratton at the Royal Society.
  18. ↑ Every human 'could get their own genome sequence' – Interview with Stratton on BBC's the Today Programme
  19. ↑ "Feature: Professor Mike Stratton – how I got into cancer genetics 'Wellcome News' issue 66". 2011. Archived from the original on 20 March 2012.
  20. ↑ "Professor Mike Stratton appointed new Director". Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute. Archived from the original on 2 February 2013.
  21. ↑ Michael Stratton publications indexed by Microsoft Academic
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  23. ↑ Connor, F; Smith, A; Wooster, R; Stratton, M; Dixon, A; Campbell, E; Tait, T. M.; Freeman, T; Ashworth, A (1997). "Cloning, chromosomal mapping and expression pattern of the mouse Brca2 gene". Human Molecular Genetics. 6 (2): 291–300. doi: 10.1093/hmg/6.2.291 . PMID   9063750.
  24. ↑ Bignell, G; Micklem, G; Stratton, M. R.; Ashworth, A; Wooster, R (1997). "The BRC repeats are conserved in mammalian BRCA2 proteins". Human Molecular Genetics. 6 (1): 53–8. doi: 10.1093/hmg/6.1.53 . PMID   9002670.
  25. ↑ Lancaster, J. M.; Wooster, R; Mangion, J; Phelan, C. M.; Cochran, C; Gumbs, C; Seal, S; Barfoot, R; Collins, N; Bignell, G; Patel, S; Hamoudi, R; Larsson, C; Wiseman, R. W.; Berchuck, A; Iglehart, J. D.; Marks, J. R.; Ashworth, A; Stratton, M. R.; Futreal, P. A. (1996). "BRCA2 mutations in primary breast and ovarian cancers". Nature Genetics. 13 (2): 238–40. doi:10.1038/ng0696-238. PMID   8640235. S2CID   26808443.
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  29. 1 2 3 Chrissie Giles (24 June 2010). "Great expectations: human genome research". Wellcome News. Wellcome Trust. Retrieved 24 June 2010.
  30. ↑ Meijers-Heijboer, H; Van Den Ouweland, A; Klijn, J; Wasielewski, M; De Snoo, A; Oldenburg, R; Hollestelle, A; Houben, M; Crepin, E; Van Veghel-Plandsoen, M; Elstrodt, F; Van Duijn, C; Bartels, C; Meijers, C; Schutte, M; McGuffog, L; Thompson, D; Easton, D; Sodha, N; Seal, S; Barfoot, R; Mangion, J; Chang-Claude, J; Eccles, D; Eeles, R; Evans, D. G.; Houlston, R; Murday, V; Narod, S; et al. (2002). "Low-penetrance susceptibility to breast cancer due to CHEK2(*)1100delC in noncarriers of BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations". Nature Genetics . 31 (1): 55–9. doi: 10.1038/ng879 . PMID   11967536. S2CID   195216803.
  31. ↑ Renwick A, Thompson D, Seal S, et al. (August 2006). "ATM mutations that cause ataxia-telangiectasia are breast cancer susceptibility alleles". Nat. Genet. 38 (8): 873–5. doi:10.1038/ng1837. PMID   16832357. S2CID   2909283.
  32. ↑ Rahman, N; Seal, S; Thompson, D; Kelly, P; Renwick, A; Elliott, A; Reid, S; Spanova, K; Barfoot, R; Chagtai, T; Jayatilake, H; McGuffog, L; Hanks, S; Evans, D. G.; Eccles, D; Breast Cancer Susceptibility Collaboration (UK); Easton, D. F.; Stratton, M. R. (2007). "PALB2, which encodes a BRCA2-interacting protein, is a breast cancer susceptibility gene". Nature Genetics. 39 (2): 165–7. doi:10.1038/ng1959. PMC   2871593 . PMID   17200668.
  33. 1 2 3 "Mike Stratton". Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute Website. Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute. Retrieved 24 June 2010.
  34. ↑ Burton, P. R.; Clayton, D. G.; Cardon, L. R.; Craddock, N.; Deloukas, P.; Duncanson, A.; Kwiatkowski, D. P.; McCarthy, M. I.; Ouwehand, W. H.; Samani, N. J.; Todd, J. A.; Donnelly, P.; Barrett, J. C.; Burton, P. R.; Davison, D.; Donnelly, P.; Easton, D.; Evans, D.; Leung, H. T.; Marchini, J. L.; Morris, A. P.; Spencer, C. C. A.; Tobin, M. D.; Cardon, L. R.; Clayton, D. G.; Attwood, A. P.; Boorman, J. P.; Cant, B.; Everson, U.; et al. (2007). "Genome-wide association study of 14,000 cases of seven common diseases and 3,000 shared controls". Nature. 447 (7145): 661–678. Bibcode:2007Natur.447..661B. doi:10.1038/nature05911. PMC   2719288 . PMID   17554300.
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  37. ↑ Stephens, Philip; Hunter, Chris; Bignell, Graham; Edkins, Sarah; Davies, Helen; Teague, Jon; et al. (2004). "Intragenic ERBB2 kinase mutations in tumours". Nature. 431 (7008). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 525–526. doi:10.1038/431525b. ISSN   0028-0836. PMID   15457249. S2CID   4313058.
  38. 1 2 Mark Henderson (24 December 2009). "Breast cancer is not a single disease, scientists discover". The Times. Retrieved 24 June 2010.
  39. ↑ Stephens PJ, McBride DJ, Lin ML, et al. (December 2009). "Complex landscapes of somatic rearrangement in human breast cancer genomes". Nature. 462 (7276): 1005–10. Bibcode:2009Natur.462.1005S. doi:10.1038/nature08645. PMC   3398135 . PMID   20033038.
  40. ↑ Forbes SA, Tang G, Bindal N, et al. (January 2010). "COSMIC (the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer): a resource to investigate acquired mutations in human cancer". Nucleic Acids Res. 38 (Database issue): D652–7. doi:10.1093/nar/gkp995. PMC   2808858 . PMID   19906727.
  41. ↑ "UK Government research grants awarded to Michael Stratton". Research Councils UK. Archived from the original on 15 April 2015.
  42. ↑ Marsh, Sarah; Devlin, Hannah (29 August 2018). "Bosses at leading UK science institute accused of bullying staff". The Guardian. Retrieved 29 August 2018.
  43. ↑ "Result of independent investigation into whistleblowing allegations released". Sanger Institute. 31 October 2018. Retrieved 31 October 2018.
  44. ↑ Thomas Kibling (31 October 2018). "Thomas Kibling's Investigatory Report" (PDF). Sanger Institute. Retrieved 31 October 2018.
  45. ↑ Else, Holly (2018). "Sanger whistle-blowers dispute findings that cleared management of bullying". Nature. 563 (7731): 304–305. Bibcode:2018Natur.563..304E. doi: 10.1038/d41586-018-07339-4 . PMID   30425362. S2CID   53305689.
  46. ↑ "No. 60534". The London Gazette (Supplement). 15 June 2013. p. 2.
  47. ↑ Michael Stratton, cancer gene scientist, knighted, BBC News, 14 June, 3013
  48. ↑ "EC/2008/40: Stratton, Michael Rudolf". London: The Royal Society. Archived from the original on 20 January 2014.
  49. ↑ "Winners of the Cambridge Independent Science and Technology Awards 2022 revealed". Cambridge Independent. 11 May 2022. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
  50. ↑ "Cancer genetics pioneer Professor Sir Mike Stratton to step down as Wellcome Sanger Institute director". Cambridge Independent. 4 February 2022. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
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