Nepenthaceae (1908 monograph)

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Nepenthaceae Macfarlane 1908.jpg
Nepenthes ampullaria Macfarlane illustration.jpg
Nepenthes glandular structures Macfarlane illustration.jpg
Front cover (left) and two representative figures from Macfarlane's monograph. The one in the centre shows vegetative and floral parts of N. ampullaria ; the one on the right illustrates various glandular structures.

"Nepenthaceae" is a monograph by John Muirhead Macfarlane on the tropical pitcher plants of the genus Nepenthes . [1] It was published in 1908 in Adolf Engler's Das Pflanzenreich . [1] It was the most exhaustive revision of the genus up to that point, covering all known species, and included detailed accounts of the structure, anatomy, and development of Nepenthes. [1]

Contents

Content

Macfarlane recognised 58 species, including 8 newly described ones: N. anamensis (later synonymised with N. smilesii ), [2] [3] N. beccariana , N. copelandii , N. deaniana , N. hemsleyana , N. neglecta (possibly the natural hybrid between N. gracilis and N. mirabilis), [4] N. philippinensis , and N. tubulosa (later synonymised with N. mirabilis ). [2] [5] Macfarlane also described a number of new varieties, including N. alata var. biflora (later synonymised with N. negros ), [6] N. alata var. ecristata (later synonymised with N. kurata ), [7] N. albomarginata var. rubra, N. hirsuta var. glabrata, N. hirsuta var. typica, N. tentaculata var. tomentosa, and N. vieillardii var. montrouzieri. [8] The varietal name N. gracilis var. arenaria, originating from a herbarium sheet, also appeared in print for the first time in Macfarlane's monograph. [8] The work included all manmade hybrids known at the time. [1]

Macfarlane synonymised a number of species, including N. korthalsiana with N. gracilis , N. macrostachya with N. mirabilis , N. sumatrana with N. treubiana (later reversed), [9] and both N. teysmanniana and N. tomentella with N. albomarginata . [1] [10] Macfarlane restored N. edwardsiana as a species distinct from N. villosa . [1] This decision was reversed by B. H. Danser in his 1928 work, "The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies", [5] but is universally accepted today. [2]

Macfarlane recognised N. × cincta as a natural hybrid between N. albomarginata and N. northiana , and N. × harryana as a natural hybrid between N. edwardsiana and N. villosa . [1]

Species

The following 58 taxa are enumerated and detailed in Macfarlane's "Nepenthaceae". Varieties recognised by Macfarlane are also included. Taxon names are listed as they appear in the monograph, including orthographic variants, though specific epithets derived from proper nouns have been decapitalised.

In addition, Macfarlane lists N. gracillima as a possible synonym of N. albomarginata ; the species are numbered 7* and 7, respectively. [1]

Reviews and later works

At the time of its publication, "Nepenthaceae" was praised for its many high quality illustrations (95 images in 19 figures) of both morphological and anatomical features. [11]

Research conducted after World War I quickly rendered Macfarlane's monograph outdated. [2] Much additional herbarium material was accumulated during this time, representing both new species and better specimens of known taxa, which highlighted issues with previous interpretations. [4] [9] The need for a new revision of the genus was satisfied with the publication of B. H. Danser's seminal 1928 monograph, "The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies". However, Danser's treatment did not encompass the entire range of the genus. It would not be until Matthew Jebb and Martin Cheek's 1997 monograph, "A skeletal revision of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae)", that the entire genus was once again revised in a single work. [9]


Related Research Articles

<i>Nepenthes villosa</i> Species of pitcher plant from Borneo

Nepenthes villosa, or the villose pitcher-plant, is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Mount Kinabalu and neighbouring Mount Tambuyukon in northeastern Borneo. It grows at higher elevations than any other Bornean Nepenthes species, occurring at elevations of over 3,200 m (10,500 ft). Nepenthes villosa is characterised by its highly developed and intricate peristome, which distinguishes it from the closely related N. edwardsiana and N. macrophylla.

<i>Nepenthes mirabilis</i> Wide-ranging species of tropical pitcher plant

Nepenthes mirabilis, or the common swamp pitcher-plant and tropical pitcher plant, is a carnivorous plant species. By far the most widespread of all Nepenthes, its range covers continental Southeast Asia and all major islands of the Malay Archipelago, stretching from China in the north to Australia in the south. The species exhibits great variability throughout its range. One of the more notable varieties, N. mirabilis var. echinostoma, is endemic to Brunei and Sarawak and possesses an extremely wide peristome.

<i>Nepenthes edwardsiana</i> Species of pitcher plant from Borneo

Nepenthes edwardsiana, or the splendid pitcher-plant, is a carnivorous tropical pitcher plant endemic to Mount Kinabalu and neighbouring Mount Tambuyukon in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. It is considered one of the most spectacular of all Nepenthes, producing some of the largest pitchers and the most highly developed peristome ribs of any species in the genus.

<i>Nepenthes northiana</i> Species of pitcher plant from Borneo

Nepenthes northiana, or Miss North's pitcher-plant, is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Borneo, where it grows at elevations ranging from 0 to 500 m above sea level. The specific epithet northiana honours the English botanic illustrator Marianne North, who first depicted the species. Nepenthes northiana is one of the most famous Nepenthes, and its discovery in the latter half of the 19th century contributed to Sarawak's reputation as a land of spectacular exotic plants.

<i>Nepenthes mindanaoensis</i> Tropical pitcher plant endemic to the Philippines

Nepenthes mindanaoensis is a tropical pitcher plant native to the Philippine islands of Mindanao and Dinagat.

<i>Nepenthes eustachya</i> Species of pitcher plant from Sumatra

Nepenthes eustachya is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Sumatra, where it grows from sea level to an elevation of 1600 m. The specific epithet eustachya, formed from the Greek words eu (true) and stachys (spike), refers to the racemose structure of the inflorescence.

<i>Nepenthes beccariana</i> Species of pitcher plant from Sumatra

Nepenthes beccariana is a tropical pitcher plant. The species was described in 1908 by John Muirhead Macfarlane based on a specimen collected from the island of Nias, which lies off the western coast of Sumatra. It appears to be closely related to both N. longifolia and N. sumatrana, and the former is possibly a heterotypic synonym of this taxon.

<i>Nepenthes <span style="font-style:normal;">×</span> harryana</i> Species of carnivorous plant

Nepenthes × harryana is the natural hybrid between N. edwardsiana and N. villosa. Its two parent species are very closely related and so N. × harryana, which is intermediate in form, may be difficult to distinguish from either of them.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies</span>

"The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies" is a seminal monograph by B. H. Danser on the tropical pitcher plants of the Dutch East Indies and surrounding regions. It was originally published in the Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg in 1928, and reprinted by Natural History Publications (Borneo) in 2006.

A skeletal revision of <i>Nepenthes</i> (Nepenthaceae)

"A skeletal revision of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae)" is a monograph by Matthew Jebb and Martin Cheek on the tropical pitcher plants of the genus Nepenthes. It was published in the May 1997 issue of the botanical journal Blumea. The work represented the first revision of the entire genus since John Muirhead Macfarlane's 1908 monograph. Jebb and Cheek's revision was based on "collaborative work by both authors since 1984, largely on herbarium specimens, but including fieldwork in New Guinea, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Madagascar". It was a precursor to their more exhaustive 2001 monograph, "Nepenthaceae".

<i>Nepenthes of Borneo</i>

Nepenthes of Borneo is a monograph by Charles Clarke on the tropical pitcher plants of Borneo. It was first published in 1997 by Natural History Publications (Borneo), and reprinted in 2006. Clarke describes it as "primarily an ecological monograph".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nepenthaceae (2001 monograph)</span>

"Nepenthaceae" is a monograph by Martin Cheek and Matthew Jebb on the tropical pitcher plants of Malesia, which encompasses Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, and Singapore. It was published in 2001 by the National Herbarium of the Netherlands as the fifteenth volume of the Flora Malesiana series. The species descriptions presented in the monograph are based on the authors' field observations in Borneo, New Guinea, and Peninsular Malaysia, as well as the examination of plant material deposited at 20 herbaria.

<i>Pitcher Plants of the Old World</i>

Pitcher Plants of the Old World is a two-volume monograph by Stewart McPherson on the pitcher plants of the genera Nepenthes and Cephalotus. It was published in May 2009 by Redfern Natural History Productions and covers all species known at the time. The work was edited by Alastair Robinson and Andreas Fleischmann.

<i>Pitcher-Plants of Borneo</i>

Pitcher-Plants of Borneo is a monograph by Anthea Phillipps and Anthony Lamb on the tropical pitcher plants of Borneo. It was first published in 1996 by Natural History Publications (Borneo), in association with the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and the Malaysian Nature Society. An updated and much expanded second edition was published in 2008 as Pitcher Plants of Borneo, with Ch'ien Lee as co-author.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nepenthaceae (1873 monograph)</span>

"Nepenthaceae" is a monograph by Joseph Dalton Hooker on the tropical pitcher plants of the genus Nepenthes. It was published in 1873 in the seventeenth and final volume of Augustin Pyramus de Candolle's Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis, which was edited by Augustin's son, Alphonse. The monograph focused primarily on new discoveries from northern Borneo. Unlike most major works on Nepenthes, it included no illustrations.

Die Gattung <i>Nepenthes</i>

"Die Gattung Nepenthes: Eine monographische Skizze" is a German-language monograph by Günther Beck von Mannagetta und Lerchenau on the tropical pitcher plants of the genus Nepenthes. It was published in 1895 in four parts, spread over the March, April, May and June issues of Wiener Illustrirte Garten-Zeitung.

<i>Nepenthes ramos</i> Species of pitcher plant from the Philippines

Nepenthes ramos is a tropical pitcher plant native to the northeastern Mindanao, Philippines. It is known from only a handful of herbarium specimens collected in 1919 at an elevation of 670 m above sea level. It likely grows in the forest on ultramafic soils.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Macfarlane, J.M. 1908. Nepenthaceae. In: A. Engler. Das Pflanzenreich IV, III, Heft 36: 1–91.
  2. 1 2 3 4 McPherson, S.R. 2009. Pitcher Plants of the Old World . 2 volumes. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
  3. (in Italian) Catalano, M. 2010. Nepenthes della Thailandia: Diario di viaggio . Prague.
  4. 1 2 Clarke, C.M. 1997. Nepenthes of Borneo . Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
  5. 1 2 Danser, B.H. 1928. The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg, Série III, 9(3–4): 249–438.
  6. Cheek, M. & M. Jebb 2013. Typification and redelimitation of Nepenthes alata with notes on the N. alata group, and N. negros sp. nov. from the Philippines. Nordic Journal of Botany31(5): 616–622. doi : 10.1111/j.1756-1051.2012.00099.x
  7. Cheek, M. & M. Jebb 2013. Recircumscription of the Nepenthes alata group (Caryophyllales: Nepenthaceae), in the Philippines, with four new species. European Journal of Taxonomy69: 1–23. doi : 10.5852/ejt.2013.69
  8. 1 2 Schlauer, J. N.d. Query results: Pflanzenr.36. Carnivorous Plant Database.
  9. 1 2 3 Clarke, C.M. 2001. Nepenthes of Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia . Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
  10. Kurata, S. 2002. "Revision trial in recent enumeration of Nepenthes species" (PDF).Proceedings of the 4th International Carnivorous Plant Conference: 111–116.
  11. (in German) Wangerin, W. 1910. Macfarlane, J. M., Nepenthaceae. In: Lotsy, J.P. (ed.) Botanisches Centralblatt: Referirendes Organ der Association Internationale des Botanistes für das Gesamtgebiet der Botanik. Volume 31, issue 113. Gustav Fischer, Jena. pp. 501–502.