Nepenthes bongso

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Nepenthes bongso
Nepenthes bongso 1.JPG
A freshly opened lower pitcher
Nepenthes carunculata upper pitcher.jpg
An upper pitcher of a variant sometimes distinguished as N. carunculata, from a minor peak near Solok, West Sumatra
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Caryophyllales
Family: Nepenthaceae
Genus: Nepenthes
Species:
N. bongso
Binomial name
Nepenthes bongso
Korth. (1839) [2]
Nepenthes bongso distribution.png
Distribution of N. bongso
Synonyms

Nepenthes bongso /nɪˈpɛnθiːzˈbɒŋsoʊ/ is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Sumatra, where it has an altitudinal distribution of 1000–2700 m above sea level. [10] [11] The specific epithet bongso refers to the Indonesian legend of Putri Bungsu (literally "youngest daughter"), the spirit guardian of Mount Marapi. [10]

The species was formally described by Pieter Willem Korthals in his 1839 monograph, "Over het geslacht Nepenthes". [2]

Nepenthes carunculata [note a] is considered a heterotypic synonym of N. bongso by most authorities. [8] [9] [10] [12] The infraspecific taxon Nepenthes carunculata var. robusta was described in 1994 by Joachim Nerz and Andreas Wistuba. [13] It is an extreme variety of this taxon with a large, flared peristome. [13]

In his Carnivorous Plant Database, taxonomist Jan Schlauer treats N. junghuhnii (sensu Macfarlane) as a possible synonym of N. bongso. [14]

Morphological differences between N. bongso, N. dubia, N. talangensis and N. tenuis (Nerz & Wistuba, 1994) [13]
CharacterN. bongsoN. dubiaN. talangensisN. tenuis
Shape of upper pitcherstubulate - infundibulatetubulous in the lower part, infundibulate above the middletubulous to narrow infundibuliform in the lower half, ovate in the upper halfwide infundibulate, contracted below the mouth
Lidorbiculatenarrow cuneatebroad-ovatevery narrow elliptical
Length/width ratio of upper pitchers3.31.92.31.75

Natural hybrids

The following natural hybrids involving N. bongso have been recorded.

In his 1928 monograph "The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies", B. H. Danser mentioned what he thought was the hybrid N. bongso × N. pectinata ; [5] however, this plant material is now known to represent N. densiflora , [10] a species described by Danser 12 years later. [15]

Notes

a. ^ Nepenthes carunculata is pronounced /nɪˈpɛnθiːzkəˌrʌŋkjʊˈlɑːtə/ . The specific epithet is derived from the Latin word caruncula , a diminutive of caro (flesh), and refers to the fleshy seed appendages of this taxon.

Related Research Articles

<i>Nepenthes gracilis</i> Species of pitcher plant from Southeast Asia

Nepenthes gracilis, or the slender pitcher-plant, is a common lowland pitcher plant that is widespread in the Sunda region. It has been recorded from Borneo, Cambodia, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sulawesi, Sumatra, and Thailand. The species has a wide altitudinal distribution of 0 to 1100 m above sea level, although most populations are found below 100 m and plants are rare above 1000 m. Despite being a widespread plant, natural hybrids between N. gracilis and other species are quite rare.

<i>Nepenthes reinwardtiana</i> Species of pitcher plant from Southeast Asia

Nepenthes reinwardtiana is a tropical pitcher plant native to Borneo and Sumatra and to a number of smaller surrounding islands including Bangka, Natuna, Nias, and Siberut. Although some sources have included Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore within the range of this species, these records appear to be erroneous.

<i>Nepenthes spathulata</i> Species of pitcher plant from Indonesia

Nepenthes spathulata is a tropical pitcher plant native to Java and Sumatra, where it grows at elevations of between 1100 and 2900 m above sea level. The specific epithet spathulata is derived from the Latin word spathulatus, meaning "spatula shaped", and refers to the shape of the lamina.

<i>Nepenthes boschiana</i> Species of pitcher plant from Borneo

Nepenthes boschiana, or Bosch's pitcher-plant, is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Borneo. It is most closely allied to N. faizaliana. Nepenthes borneensis is considered a synonym of this species. Nepenthes boschiana has no known natural hybrids. No valid forms or varieties have been described. Nepenthes boschiana belongs to the loosely defined "N. maxima complex", which also includes, among other species, N. chaniana, N. epiphytica, N. eymae, N. faizaliana, N. fusca, N. klossii, N. maxima, N. platychila, N. stenophylla, and N. vogelii.

<i>Nepenthes adnata</i> Endangered species of pitcher plant from Sumatra

Nepenthes adnata is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to the Indonesian province of West Sumatra, where it grows at elevations of 600 to 1200 m above sea level. The specific epithet adnata is Latin for "broadly attached" and refers to the base of the lamina.

<i>Nepenthes alata</i> Species of pitcher plant from the Philippines

Nepenthes alata is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to the Philippines. Like all pitcher plants, it is carnivorous and uses its nectar to attract insects that drown in the pitcher and are digested by the plant. It is highly polymorphic, and its taxonomy continues to be subject to revisions.

<i>Nepenthes gymnamphora</i> Species of pitcher plant from Indonesia

Nepenthes gymnamphora is a tropical pitcher plant native to the Indonesian islands of Java and Sumatra. It has a wide altitudinal range of 600–2,800 metres (2,000–9,200 ft) above sea level. There is much debate surrounding the taxonomic status of this species and the taxa N. pectinata and N. xiphioides.

<i>Nepenthes eustachya</i> Species of pitcher plant from Sumatra

Nepenthes eustachya is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Sumatra, where it grows from sea level to an elevation of 1600 m. The specific epithet eustachya, formed from the Greek words eu (true) and stachys (spike), refers to the racemose structure of the inflorescence.

<i>Nepenthes sumatrana</i> Species of pitcher plant from Sumatra

Nepenthes sumatrana is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to the Indonesian island of Sumatra, after which it is named.

<i>Nepenthes gracillima</i> Species of pitcher plant from Peninsular Malaysia

Nepenthes gracillima is a highland Nepenthes pitcher plant species, native to Peninsular Malaysia.

<i>Nepenthes dubia</i> Species of pitcher plant from Sumatra

Nepenthes dubia is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to the Indonesian island of Sumatra, where it grows at an altitude of 1600–2700 m above sea level. The specific epithet dubia is the Latin word for "doubtful".

<i>Nepenthes talangensis</i> Species of pitcher plant from Sumatra

Nepenthes talangensis is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Sumatra, where it grows in upper montane forest at elevations of 1800–2500 m above sea level.

<i>Nepenthes singalana</i> Species of pitcher plant from Sumatra

Nepenthes singalana is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to the island of Sumatra, where it grows at 2000–2900 m above sea level. It is most closely allied to N. diatas and N. spathulata.

<i>Nepenthes densiflora</i> Species of pitcher plant from Sumatra

Nepenthes densiflora is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Sumatra, where it grows at an altitude of between 1700 and 3200 m above sea level.

<i>Nepenthes inermis</i> Species of pitcher plant from Sumatra

Nepenthes inermis is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to the Indonesian island of Sumatra. The specific epithet inermis is Latin for "unarmed" and refers to the upper pitchers of this species, which are unique in that they completely lack a peristome.

<i>Nepenthes ovata</i> Species of pitcher plant from Sumatra

Nepenthes ovata is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Sumatra. The specific epithet ovata is Latin for "ovate" and refers to the shape of the lower pitchers.

<i>Nepenthes spectabilis</i> Species of pitcher plant from Sumatra

Nepenthes spectabilis is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Sumatra, where it grows at elevations of between 1400 and 2200 m above sea level. The specific epithet spectabilis is Latin for "visible" or "notable".

Nepenthes lavicola is a tropical pitcher plant species endemic to the Geureudong Massif of Aceh, northern Sumatra, where it grows at 2000–2600 m above sea level. It is thought to be most closely related to N. singalana and N. spectabilis.

<i>Nepenthes alba</i> Species of pitcher plant from Peninsular Malaysia

Nepenthes alba is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Peninsular Malaysia. The specific epithet alba is derived from the Latin word albus, meaning "white", and refers to the colour of the upper pitchers.

A skeletal revision of <i>Nepenthes</i> (Nepenthaceae)

"A skeletal revision of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae)" is a monograph by Matthew Jebb and Martin Cheek on the tropical pitcher plants of the genus Nepenthes. It was published in the May 1997 issue of the botanical journal Blumea. The work represented the first revision of the entire genus since John Muirhead Macfarlane's 1908 monograph. Jebb and Cheek's revision was based on "collaborative work by both authors since 1984, largely on herbarium specimens, but including fieldwork in New Guinea, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Madagascar". It was a precursor to their more exhaustive 2001 monograph, "Nepenthaceae".

References

  1. ↑ Clarke, C.M. (2018). "Nepenthes bongso". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T39625A143957450. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T39625A143957450.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. 1 2 (in Dutch) Korthals, P.W. 1839. Over het geslacht Nepenthes. In: C.J. Temminck 1839–1842. Verhandelingen over de Natuurlijke Geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen; Kruidkunde. Leiden. pp. 1–44, t. 1–4, 13–15, 20–22.
  3. 1 2 (in Indonesian) Tamin, R. & M. Hotta 1986. Nepenthes di Sumatera: The genus Nepenthes of the Sumatra Island. In: M. Hotta (ed.) Diversity and Dynamics of Plant Life in Sumatra: Forest Ecosystem and Speciation in Wet Tropical Environments. Part 1: Reports and Collection of Papers. Kyoto University, Kyoto. pp. 75–109.
  4. ↑ Ridley, H.N. 1908. Nepenthaceæ. [p. 320] In: On a collection of plants made by H. C. Robinson and L. Wray from Gunong Tahan, Pahang. The Journal of the Linnean Society: Botany38(266): 301–336. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1908.tb02454.x
  5. 1 2 Danser, B.H. 1928. 5. Nepenthes Bongso KORTH.. In: The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg, Série III, 9(3–4): 249–438.
  6. ↑ Kurata, S. 1973. Nepenthes from Borneo, Singapore and Sumatra. The Gardens' Bulletin Singapore26(2): 227–232.
  7. ↑ Hopkins, M., R. Maulder & B.[R.] Salmon 1990. A real nice trip to Southeast Asia. Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 19(1–2): 19–28.
  8. 1 2 Jebb, M.H.P. & M.R. Cheek 1997. A skeletal revision of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae). Blumea42(1): 1–106.
  9. 1 2 Cheek, M.R. & M.H.P. Jebb 2001. Nepenthaceae. Flora Malesiana15: 1–157.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Clarke, C.M. 2001. Nepenthes of Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia . Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
  11. ↑ McPherson, S.R. & A. Robinson 2012. Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of Sumatra and Java . Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
  12. ↑ McPherson, S.R. 2009. Pitcher Plants of the Old World . 2 volumes. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
  13. 1 2 3 Nerz, J. & A. Wistuba 1994. Five new taxa of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae) from North and West Sumatra Archived 2011-08-05 at the Wayback Machine . Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 23(4): 101–114.
  14. ↑ Schlauer, J. N.d. Nepenthes junghuhnii Archived 2014-03-01 at the Wayback Machine . Carnivorous Plant Database.
  15. ↑ Danser, B.H. 1940. A new Nepenthes from Sumatra. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg, Série III, 16: 268–271.

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