Nepenthes smilesii

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Nepenthes smilesii
N. smilesii pitchers.jpg
In Kampot Province, Cambodia
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Caryophyllales
Family: Nepenthaceae
Genus: Nepenthes
Species:
N. smilesii
Binomial name
Nepenthes smilesii
Hemsl. (1895)
Synonyms

Nepenthes smilesii ( /nɪˈpɛnθiːzˈsmaɪlziaɪ,-smaɪˈliːziaɪ/ ) is a tropical pitcher plant native to northeastern Thailand, southern Laos, Cambodia, [3] [4] and Vietnam. [5] [6] [7] Nepenthes smilesii can tolerate an extended dry season and is most common in open, sandy savannah and grassland. [6]

The specific epithet smilesii refers to plant collector Frederick Henry Smiles, who made the first known collection of this species. [5]

Botanical history

Nepenthes anamensis [note a] is a heterotypic synonym of N. smilesii. [5] [6] Its conservation status appears as Data Deficient on the IUCN Red List. [1]

Nepenthes smilesii was referred to as N. anamensis throughout most of the 20th century. [5] Further confusion resulted from the erroneous labelling of N. smilesii plants as N. thorelii in the horticultural trade. [5] In Pitcher Plants of the Old World , Stewart McPherson lists N. mirabilis f. smilesii and N. mirabilis var. smilesii as synonyms of N. smilesii, [5] but Marcello Catalano considers these to represent normal forms of N. mirabilis . [6]

Description

Nepenthes smilesii is a climbing plant growing to a height of 5 m. [5]

Its leaves are sessile and coriaceous (leathery) in texture. They are very narrowly linear, reaching 40 cm in length while only up to 4 cm wide. [5]

Ecology

In Kirirom National Park, Cambodia (~700 m asl) N. smilesii17.jpg
In Kirirom National Park, Cambodia (~700 m asl)

Nepenthes smilesii has a widespread distribution throughout Indochina. It has been recorded from Cambodia, [4] northeastern Thailand, southern Laos, and western Vietnam. [5] [6] The species occurs across a wide range of altitudes, being recorded from elevations of 16 [4] –1500 m above sea level, although it is more typically found at around 800 m. [5]

Nepenthes smilesii is notable among the Indochinese Nepenthes for experiencing extreme lows of temperature. [5]

Individual specimens of a natural hybrid between N. smilesii and N. mirabilis have been recorded from Cambodia. [8]

Nepenthes smilesii appears most closely allied to N. kongkandana and may be difficult to distinguish from that species. It differs primarily in the shape of its laminae, which are linear to lanceolate with an acute apex, as opposed to obovate with an acuminate apex in the latter. [6] Nepenthes smilesii also differs in having shorter tendrils and a narrower peristome. [5]

Notes

a. ^ Nepenthes anamensis is pronounced /nɪˈpɛnθiːzˌænəˈmɛnsɪs/ . The specific epithet is derived from Annam, a former territory in central Vietnam.

Related Research Articles

<i>Nepenthes veitchii</i> Species of pitcher plant from Borneo

Nepenthes veitchii, or Veitch's pitcher-plant, is a Nepenthes species from the island of Borneo. The plant is widespread in north-western Borneo and can also be found in parts of Kalimantan. It grows in lowland Dipterocarp forest, typically near rivers, and on ridgetops in mossy forests, from 0 to 1,600 meters elevation. Nepenthes veitchii usually grows as an epiphyte, though the form from Bario seems to be strictly terrestrial and has not been observed to climb trees.

<i>Nepenthes truncata</i> Species of pitcher plant from the Philippines

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<i>Nepenthes mirabilis</i> Wide-ranging species of tropical pitcher plant

Nepenthes mirabilis, or the common swamp pitcher-plant and tropical pitcher plant, is a carnivorous plant species. By far the most widespread of all Nepenthes, its range covers continental Southeast Asia and all major islands of the Malay Archipelago, stretching from China in the north to Australia in the south. The species exhibits great variability throughout its range. One of the more notable varieties, N. mirabilis var. echinostoma, is endemic to Brunei and Sarawak and possesses an extremely wide peristome.

<i>Nepenthes stenophylla</i> Species of pitcher plant from Borneo

Nepenthes stenophylla, or the narrow-leaved pitcher-plant, is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Borneo. The species produces attractive funnel-shaped pitchers up to 25 cm high. It is listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List. Nepenthes stenophylla belongs to the loosely defined "N. maxima complex", which also includes, among other species, N. boschiana, N. chaniana, N. epiphytica, N. eymae, N. faizaliana, N. fusca, N. klossii, N. maxima, N. platychila, and N. vogelii.

<i>Nepenthes boschiana</i> Species of pitcher plant from Borneo

Nepenthes boschiana, or Bosch's pitcher-plant, is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Borneo. It is most closely allied to N. faizaliana. Nepenthes borneensis is considered a synonym of this species. Nepenthes boschiana has no known natural hybrids. No valid forms or varieties have been described. Nepenthes boschiana belongs to the loosely defined "N. maxima complex", which also includes, among other species, N. chaniana, N. epiphytica, N. eymae, N. faizaliana, N. fusca, N. klossii, N. maxima, N. platychila, N. stenophylla, and N. vogelii.

<i>Nepenthes treubiana</i> Species of pitcher plant from New Guinea

Nepenthes treubiana is a tropical pitcher plant native to Western New Guinea and the island of Misool.

<i>Nepenthes ramispina</i> Species of pitcher plant from Peninsular Malaysia

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<i>Nepenthes mira</i> Tropical pitcher plant endemic to the Philippines

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<i>Nepenthes thorelii</i> Species of pitcher plant from Indochina

Nepenthes thorelii is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Indochina. Very little is known about N. thorelii and it is unlikely to have entered cultivation, although various other taxa are often mislabelled as this species in the plant trade. Prior to its rediscovery in 2011, N. thorelii was considered possibly extinct, both in the wild and in cultivation.

<i>Nepenthes tomoriana</i> Species of pitcher plant from Sulawesi

Nepenthes tomoriana is a species of pitcher plant endemic to Sulawesi, where it grows at an elevation of 0–500 m above sea level.

Nepenthes lavicola is a tropical pitcher plant species endemic to the Geureudong Massif of Aceh, northern Sumatra, where it grows at 2000–2600 m above sea level. It is thought to be most closely related to N. singalana and N. spectabilis.

<i>Nepenthes petiolata</i> Species of pitcher plant from the Philippines

Nepenthes petiolata is a highland Nepenthes pitcher plant species endemic to Mindanao island in the Philippines, where it grows at an elevation of 1,450–1,900 metres (4,800–6,200 ft) above sea level.

<i>Nepenthes kampotiana</i> Species of pitcher plant from Southeast Asia

Nepenthes kampotiana is a tropical pitcher plant native to southern Cambodia, eastern Thailand, and at least southern coastal Vietnam. It has an altitudinal distribution of 0–600 m above sea level. The specific epithet kampotiana refers to the Cambodian city of Kampot, close to which the first specimens of this species were collected.

<i>Nepenthes chaniana</i> Species of pitcher plant from Borneo

Nepenthes chaniana is a tropical pitcher plant species belonging to the genus Nepenthes. It is characterised by a dense indumentum of long, white hairs. Pitchers are cylindrical and mostly white to yellow in colouration. Nepenthes chaniana belongs to the loosely defined "N. maxima complex", which also includes, among other species, N. boschiana, N. epiphytica, N. eymae, N. faizaliana, N. fusca, N. klossii, N. maxima, N. platychila, N. stenophylla, and N. vogelii.

<i>Nepenthes alba</i> Species of pitcher plant from Peninsular Malaysia

Nepenthes alba is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Peninsular Malaysia. The specific epithet alba is derived from the Latin word albus, meaning "white", and refers to the colour of the upper pitchers.

<i>Nepenthes holdenii</i> Species of pitcher plant from Cambodia

Nepenthes holdenii is a tropical pitcher plant from western Cambodia, where it grows at elevations of 600–800 m above sea level. The species was originally known from only two peaks in the Cardamom Mountains, but the discovery of a new population was reported in October 2011. Seeds were collected in 2014 and the species was successfully introduced into cultivation.

Nepenthes 'Kalamity' is a cultivar of a complex manmade hybrid involving N. ampullaria, N. gracilis, N. khasiana, N. rafflesiana, N. ventricosa, and a plant identified as N. anamensis. It was bred by Bruce Lee Bednar and Orgel Clyde Bramblett in 1988. This cultivar name is not established as it was published without a description, violating Article 24.1 of the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants. It first appeared in print in the March 1994 issue of the Carnivorous Plant Newsletter as "x kalamity".

References

  1. 1 2 Clarke, C.M. (2018). "Nepenthes smilesii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T49004395A143971709. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T49004395A143971709.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. ↑ Macfarlane, J.M. 1908. Nepenthaceae. In: A. Engler. Das Pflanzenreich IV, III, Heft 36: 1–91.
  3. ↑ Mey, F.S. 2010. "Introduction to the pitcher plants (Nepenthes) of Cambodia" (PDF).Cambodian Journal of Natural History2010(2): 106–117.
  4. 1 2 3 Mey, F.S. 2009. N. smilesii in Kampot, Cambodia Archived 2011-10-08 at the Wayback Machine . Carnivorous Plants in the tropics.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 McPherson, S.R. 2009. Pitcher Plants of the Old World . 2 volumes. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 (in Italian) Catalano, M. 2010. Nepenthes della Thailandia: Diario di viaggio . Prague.
  7. ↑ Nunn, R. & C.N.A. Vu 2016. An account of the Nepenthes species of Vietnam. Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 45(3): 93–101.
  8. ↑ Mey, F.S., L.H. Truong, D.V. Dai & A.S. Robinson 2011. Nepenthes thorelii, an emended description and novel ecological data resulting from its rediscovery in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. In: McPherson, S.R. New Nepenthes: Volume One . Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 104–131.

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