Nepenthes gymnamphora

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Nepenthes gymnamphora
Npectinata.jpg
Intermediate pitchers of N. gymnamphora from Sumatra
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Caryophyllales
Family: Nepenthaceae
Genus: Nepenthes
Species:
N. gymnamphora
Binomial name
Nepenthes gymnamphora
Reinw. ex Nees (1824)
Synonyms

Nepenthes gymnamphora /nɪˈpɛnθiːzdʒɪmˈnæmfɔːrə/ is a tropical pitcher plant native to the Indonesian islands of Java and Sumatra. It has a wide altitudinal range of 600–2,800 metres (2,000–9,200 ft) above sea level. [3] There is much debate surrounding the taxonomic status of this species and the taxa N. pectinata and N. xiphioides. [4]

The specific epithet gymnamphora is derived from the Greek words gymnos (naked) and amphoreus (pitcher). [4]

Taxonomy

An illustration of the type specimen of N. pectinata from Danser's monograph Nepenthes pectinata.gif
An illustration of the type specimen of N. pectinata from Danser's monograph

The N. gymnamphora group of related taxa has been variously interpreted as comprising a single extremely variable species (N. gymnamphora); [4] [5] [6] two distinct species, one from Java (N. gymnamphora) and one from Sumatra ( N. pectinata ); [7] [8] or two species, one with a wide distribution covering Java and Sumatra (N. gymnamphora) and one with a very restricted range in Sumatra ( N. xiphioides ). [9] An additional fourth undescribed taxon, known from Mount Sorik Merapi in Sumatra, may also fall within N. gymnamphora. [4]

Nepenthes pectinata

Nepenthes pectinata [a] was described by B. H. Danser in his seminal 1928 monograph "The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies". [10] Danser's description of N. pectinata was based on material that included upper pitchers of N. singalana . [4] This was first noted in 1994 by Jan Schlauer and Joachim Nerz, who provided a lectotype for N. pectinata: Bünnemeijer 700, a specimen collected on Mount Talakmau. [8] [11]

Danser mentioned another specimen in his monograph that he identified as the natural hybrid N. pectinata × N. singalana, [10] but which actually represented a pure N. singalana. [4] [8]

Nepenthes pectinata has a separate conservation status of Least Concern on the IUCN Red List. [12]

Nepenthes xiphioides

Nepenthes xiphioides [b] was described by Bruce Salmon and Ricky Maulder in a 1995 issue of the Carnivorous Plant Newsletter . [9] The authors treated N. pectinata as conspecific with N. gymnamphora, and distinguished N. xiphioides from the latter based on a number of characters shown in the table below.

Morphological differences between N. gymnamphora and N. xiphioides according to Salmon & Maulder (1995) [9]
Morphological characterN. gymnamphoraN. xiphioides
Longitudinal leaf veins3-6 running in outer 2/3- 4/5 of blade2-3 running in outer 1/2 of blade
Leaf marginscovered with short dense hairglabrous
Rosette leaf tendrilabout as long as the pitcher2-3 times as long as the leaf
Rosette pitchers8–12 centimetres (3–5 in) tall, 3–4 centimetres (1–2 in) broad4–5.5 centimetres (1.6–2.2 in) tall, 1.5–2 centimetres (0.6–0.8 in) broad
Aerial pitcherspresentabsent
Peristome teeth3-6 times as long as broad6-8 times as long as broad
Inflorescencemostly 2 flowered, upper most ones 1 flowered; rarely most or all of them 1 flowered1 flowered but bearing some 2 flowered pedicels in lower 1/3
Staminal columnhairy at base or over whole lengthglabrous

Infraspecific taxa

Natural hybrids

Notes

a. ^ Nepenthes pectinata is pronounced /nɪˈpɛnθiːzˌpɛktɪˈnɑːtə/ . The specific epithet is derived from the Latin word pectinata, meaning "comb-shaped".
b. ^ Nepenthes xiphioides is pronounced /nɪˈpɛnθiːzzɪfiːˈɔɪdiːz/ . The specific epithet is derived from the Neo-Latin word xiphius (sword) and the Latin ending -oides (resembling), and refers to the long, thin teeth lining the inner margin of the peristome of this species. [9]

Related Research Articles

<i>Nepenthes reinwardtiana</i> Species of pitcher plant from Southeast Asia

Nepenthes reinwardtiana is a tropical pitcher plant native to Borneo and Sumatra and to a number of smaller surrounding islands including Bangka, Natuna, Nias, and Siberut. Although some sources have included Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore within the range of this species, these records appear to be erroneous.

<i>Nepenthes spathulata</i> Species of pitcher plant from Indonesia

Nepenthes spathulata is a tropical pitcher plant native to Java and Sumatra, where it grows at elevations of between 1100 and 2900 m above sea level. The specific epithet spathulata is derived from the Latin word spathulatus, meaning "spatula shaped", and refers to the shape of the lamina.

<i>Nepenthes stenophylla</i> Species of pitcher plant from Borneo

Nepenthes stenophylla, or the narrow-leaved pitcher-plant, is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Borneo. The species produces attractive funnel-shaped pitchers up to 25 cm high. It is listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List. Nepenthes stenophylla belongs to the loosely defined "N. maxima complex", which also includes, among other species, N. boschiana, N. chaniana, N. epiphytica, N. eymae, N. faizaliana, N. fusca, N. klossii, N. maxima, N. platychila, and N. vogelii.

<i>Nepenthes boschiana</i> Species of pitcher plant from Borneo

Nepenthes boschiana, or Bosch's pitcher-plant, is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Borneo. It is most closely allied to N. faizaliana. Nepenthes borneensis is considered a synonym of this species. Nepenthes boschiana has no known natural hybrids. No valid forms or varieties have been described. Nepenthes boschiana belongs to the loosely defined "N. maxima complex", which also includes, among other species, N. chaniana, N. epiphytica, N. eymae, N. faizaliana, N. fusca, N. klossii, N. maxima, N. platychila, N. stenophylla, and N. vogelii.

<i>Nepenthes mapuluensis</i> Tropical pitcher plant endemic to Borneo

Nepenthes mapuluensis, the Mapulu pitcher-plant, is a species of tropical pitcher plant native to East Kalimantan, Borneo. It is known only from a restricted geographical range and is listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List.

<i>Nepenthes adnata</i> Endangered species of pitcher plant from Sumatra

Nepenthes adnata is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to the Indonesian province of West Sumatra, where it grows at elevations of 600 to 1200 m above sea level. The specific epithet adnata is Latin for "broadly attached" and refers to the base of the lamina.

<i>Nepenthes bongso</i> Species of pitcher plant from Sumatra

Nepenthes bongso is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Sumatra, where it has an altitudinal distribution of 1000–2700 m above sea level. The specific epithet bongso refers to the Indonesian legend of Putri Bungsu, the spirit guardian of Mount Marapi.

<i>Nepenthes eustachya</i> Species of pitcher plant from Sumatra

Nepenthes eustachya is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Sumatra, where it grows from sea level to an elevation of 1600 m. The specific epithet eustachya, formed from the Greek words eu (true) and stachys (spike), refers to the racemose structure of the inflorescence.

<i>Nepenthes sumatrana</i> Species of pitcher plant from Sumatra

Nepenthes sumatrana is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to the Indonesian island of Sumatra, after which it is named.

<i>Nepenthes dubia</i> Species of pitcher plant from Sumatra

Nepenthes dubia is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to the Indonesian island of Sumatra, where it grows at an altitude of 1600–2700 m above sea level. The specific epithet dubia is the Latin word for "doubtful".

<i>Nepenthes mikei</i> Tropical pitcher plant endemic to Sumatra

Nepenthes mikei is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Sumatra. It is characterised by its black mottled lower and upper pitchers. The species is closely related to N. angasanensis and N. tobaica.

<i>Nepenthes singalana</i> Species of pitcher plant from Sumatra

Nepenthes singalana is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to the island of Sumatra, where it grows at 2000–2900 m above sea level. It is most closely allied to N. diatas and N. spathulata.

<i>Nepenthes densiflora</i> Species of pitcher plant from Sumatra

Nepenthes densiflora is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Sumatra, where it grows at an altitude of between 1700 and 3200 m above sea level.

<i>Nepenthes neoguineensis</i> Species of pitcher plant from New Guinea

Nepenthes neoguineensis is a tropical pitcher plant native to the island of New Guinea, after which it is named.

<i>Nepenthes inermis</i> Species of pitcher plant from Sumatra

Nepenthes inermis is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to the Indonesian island of Sumatra. The specific epithet inermis is Latin for "unarmed" and refers to the upper pitchers of this species, which are unique in that they completely lack a peristome.

<i>Nepenthes rhombicaulis</i> Species of pitcher plant from Sumatra

Nepenthes rhombicaulis is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Sumatra. The specific epithet rhombicaulis is formed from the Latin words rhombicus, meaning "rhomboid", and caulis, "stem". It refers to the cross-sectional shape of the stem internodes.

<i>Nepenthes ovata</i> Species of pitcher plant from Sumatra

Nepenthes ovata is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Sumatra. The specific epithet ovata is Latin for "ovate" and refers to the shape of the lower pitchers.

<i>Nepenthes spectabilis</i> Species of pitcher plant from Sumatra

Nepenthes spectabilis is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Sumatra, where it grows at elevations of between 1400 and 2200 m above sea level. The specific epithet spectabilis is Latin for "visible" or "notable".

Nepenthes lavicola is a tropical pitcher plant species endemic to the Geureudong Massif of Aceh, northern Sumatra, where it grows at 2000–2600 m above sea level. It is thought to be most closely related to N. singalana and N. spectabilis.

<i>Nepenthes <span style="font-style:normal;">×</span> trichocarpa</i> Species of pitcher plant from Southeast Asia

Nepenthes × trichocarpa, the dainty pitcher-Plant, is a common natural hybrid involving N. ampullaria and N. gracilis. It was originally thought to be a distinct species and was described as such.

References

  1. 1 2 (in Latin) Blume, C.L. 1852. Ord. Nepenthaceae. In: Museum Botanicum Lugduno-Batavum, sive stirpium exoticarum novarum vel minus cognitarum ex vivis aut siccis brevis expositio. Tom. II. Nr. 1. E.J. Brill, Lugduni-Batavorum. pp. 5–10.
  2. ↑ Hooker, J.D. 1859. XXXV. On the origin and development of the pitchers of Nepenthes, with an account of some new Bornean plants of that genus. The Transactions of the Linnean Society of London22(4): 415–424. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1856.tb00113.x
  3. ↑ McPherson, S.R. & A. Robinson 2012. Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of Sumatra and Java . Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Clarke, C.M. 2001. Nepenthes of Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia . Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
  5. 1 2 McPherson, S.R. 2009. Pitcher Plants of the Old World . 2 volumes. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
  6. ↑ Schlauer, J. N.d. Nepenthes gymnamphora Archived 2011-06-17 at the Wayback Machine . Carnivorous Plant Database.
  7. ↑ Jebb, M.H.P. & M.R. Cheek 1997. A skeletal revision of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae). Blumea42(1): 1–106.
  8. 1 2 3 Cheek, M.R. & M.H.P. Jebb 2001. Nepenthaceae. Flora Malesiana15: 1–157.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Salmon, B.R. & R.G. Maulder 1995. Two New Species of Nepenthes from North Sumatra, Indonesia. Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 24(3): 77–85.
  10. 1 2 Danser, B.H. 1928. The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg, Série III, 9(3–4): 249–438.
  11. ↑ Schlauer, J. & J. Nerz 1994. Notes on Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae). I. Contributions to the Flora of Sumatra. Blumea39: 139–142.
  12. ↑ Clarke, C.M., R. Cantley, J. Nerz, H. Rischer & A. Witsuba 2000. Nepenthes pectinata. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 12 May 2006.

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