Nepenthes khasiana

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Nepenthes khasiana
Nepenthes khasiana.jpg
Nepenthes khasiana. Cultivated plant.
CITES Appendix I (CITES) [2]
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Caryophyllales
Family: Nepenthaceae
Genus: Nepenthes
Species:
N. khasiana
Binomial name
Nepenthes khasiana
Hook.f. (1873) [3]
Nepenthes khasiana distribution.jpg
Satellite image of the Indian subcontinent with the distribution of N. khasiana highlighted in green.
Synonyms

Nepenthes khasiana ( /nɪˈpɛnθiːzˌxæsiˈɑːnə/ ; after the Khasi Hills, to which it is largely endemic) is an endangered tropical pitcher plant of the genus Nepenthes . It is the only Nepenthes species native to India. It is thought to attract prey by means of blue fluorescence. [4]

The species has a very localised distribution and is rare in the wild. But with new advancement in agro-technology and tissue culture, it is now being cultivated in campus of Nagaland University, Nagaland. These Pitcher Plants which are endemic to Meghalaya can be seen widely as decorative plants outside many houses of Nagaland. [5]

Isolated populations are known to occur in the Jarain area of the Jaintia Hills, the Baghmara area of the Garo Hills, adjacent to the Khasi Hills region of Meghalaya, in the Upper Kharthong area, of Dima Hasao district Assam and in some parts of Nagaland. [6]

Nevertheless, N. khasiana exhibits considerable genetic diversity. [7] The Khasi people call the plant tiew-rakot, which means demon-flower or devouring-plant. The Jaintias call it kset phare, which is roughly translated as lidded fly net. The Garo call the plant memang-koksi, which literally means the basket of the devil [8] [9] and the Biate tribe of Assam call the plant Jug-Par which means Jug-flower or Loisul Kola which literally means Pitcher-plant. [6]

Nepenthes khasiana is a protected species, classified as endangered, [1] and is listed under CITES Appendix I meaning commercial international trade is prohibited. [2] Threats to wild populations include habitat destruction, acid mine drainage associated with coal mining, and collection for medicinal and ornamental uses. [8] [10] In 2010, the Rare Nepenthes Collection was established with the aim of conserving 4 of the most threatened Nepenthes species: N. aristolochioides , N. clipeata , N. khasiana, and N. rigidifolia . [11] [12] [13]

The specific epithet khasiana is spelled khasyana in some older texts. [14] [15] This spelling actually predates that under which the species was formally published in Joseph Dalton Hooker's 1873 monograph, "Nepenthaceae", [3] as it appeared in an article by Maxwell T. Masters in the April 20, 1872 issue of The Gardeners' Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette (this article was itself based on the manuscript of Hooker's monograph). [15] In the horticultural trade of the late 19th century, N. khasiana was often confused with N. distillatoria of Sri Lanka. [15] [16] [17] [18]

Related Research Articles

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Nepenthes villosa, or the villose pitcher-plant, is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Mount Kinabalu and neighbouring Mount Tambuyukon in northeastern Borneo. It grows at higher elevations than any other Bornean Nepenthes species, occurring at elevations of over 3,200 m (10,500 ft). Nepenthes villosa is characterised by its highly developed and intricate peristome, which distinguishes it from the closely related N. edwardsiana and N. macrophylla.

<i>Nepenthes bicalcarata</i> Species of pitcher plant from Borneo

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<i>Nepenthes veitchii</i> Species of pitcher plant from Borneo

Nepenthes veitchii, or Veitch's pitcher-plant, is a Nepenthes species from the island of Borneo. The plant is widespread in north-western Borneo and can also be found in parts of Kalimantan. It grows in lowland Dipterocarp forest, typically near rivers, and on ridgetops in mossy forests, from 0 to 1,600 meters elevation. Nepenthes veitchii usually grows as an epiphyte, though the form from Bario seems to be strictly terrestrial and has not been observed to climb trees.

<i>Nepenthes truncata</i> Species of pitcher plant from the Philippines

Nepenthes truncata is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to the Philippines. It is known from the islands of Dinagat, Leyte, and Mindanao. The species grows at an elevation of 0–1500 m above sea level. Nepenthes truncata is characterised by its heart-shaped (truncate) leaves and very large pitchers, which can reach up to 40 cm in height.

<i>Nepenthes stenophylla</i> Species of pitcher plant from Borneo

Nepenthes stenophylla, or the narrow-leaved pitcher-plant, is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Borneo. The species produces attractive funnel-shaped pitchers up to 25 cm high. It is listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List. Nepenthes stenophylla belongs to the loosely defined "N. maxima complex", which also includes, among other species, N. boschiana, N. chaniana, N. epiphytica, N. eymae, N. faizaliana, N. fusca, N. klossii, N. maxima, N. platychila, and N. vogelii.

<i>Nepenthes macfarlanei</i> Species of pitcher plant from Peninsular Malaysia

Nepenthes macfarlanei is a carnivorous pitcher plant species endemic to Peninsular Malaysia. It produces attractive red-speckled pitchers. Lower pitchers are ovoid or infundibular in the lower half and globose or cylindrical above and up to 25 cm high. Upper (aerial) pitchers are of a lighter colour with wings reduced to ribs. The lower surface of the lid is densely covered with short, white hairs. This is a characteristic morphological feature of this species, but at present its function is unknown.

<i>Nepenthes maxima</i> Tropical pitcher plant from New Guinea and surrounding islands

Nepenthes maxima, the great pitcher-plant, is a carnivorous pitcher plant species of the genus Nepenthes. It has a relatively wide distribution covering New Guinea, Sulawesi, and the Maluku Islands. It may also be present on Wowoni Island.

<i>Nepenthes northiana</i> Species of pitcher plant from Borneo

Nepenthes northiana, or Miss North's pitcher-plant, is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Borneo, where it grows at elevations ranging from 0 to 500 m above sea level. The specific epithet northiana honours the English botanic illustrator Marianne North, who first depicted the species. Nepenthes northiana is one of the most famous Nepenthes, and its discovery in the latter half of the 19th century contributed to Sarawak's reputation as a land of spectacular exotic plants.

<i>Nepenthes clipeata</i> Species of pitcher plant from Borneo

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<i>Nepenthes boschiana</i> Species of pitcher plant from Borneo

Nepenthes boschiana, or Bosch's pitcher-plant, is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Borneo. It is most closely allied to N. faizaliana. Nepenthes borneensis is considered a synonym of this species. Nepenthes boschiana has no known natural hybrids. No valid forms or varieties have been described. Nepenthes boschiana belongs to the loosely defined "N. maxima complex", which also includes, among other species, N. chaniana, N. epiphytica, N. eymae, N. faizaliana, N. fusca, N. klossii, N. maxima, N. platychila, N. stenophylla, and N. vogelii.

<i>Nepenthes glabrata</i> Species of pitcher plant from Indonesia

Nepenthes glabrata is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Sulawesi. The species grows in open, high forest at elevations of 1600 to 2100 m. It produces dainty, colourful pitchers reaching only a few centimetres in height. These traps are red speckled on a yellowish background, giving them a "hand painted" appearance.

<i>Nepenthes burkei</i> Species of pitcher plant from the Philippines

Nepenthes burkei, named after British plant collector David Burke, is a tropical pitcher plant native to the island of Mindoro in the Philippines, where it grows at an elevation of 1100–2000 m. It is very closely related to N. sibuyanensis and N. ventricosa. It has only recently entered wider cultivation.

<i>Nepenthes alata</i> Species of pitcher plant from the Philippines

Nepenthes alata is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to the Philippines. Like all pitcher plants, it is carnivorous and uses its nectar to attract insects that drown in the pitcher and are digested by the plant. It is highly polymorphic, and its taxonomy continues to be subject to revisions.

<i>Nepenthes vieillardii</i> Species of pitcher plant from Polynesia

Nepenthes vieillardii is a species of pitcher plant endemic to the island of New Caledonia. Its distribution is the most easterly of any Nepenthes species. Its natural habitat is shrublands or forests, to about 900 metres (3,000 ft) altitude.

<i>Nepenthes talangensis</i> Species of pitcher plant from Sumatra

Nepenthes talangensis is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Sumatra, where it grows in upper montane forest at elevations of 1800–2500 m above sea level.

<i>Nepenthes mira</i> Tropical pitcher plant endemic to the Philippines

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<i>Nepenthes petiolata</i> Species of pitcher plant from the Philippines

Nepenthes petiolata is a highland Nepenthes pitcher plant species endemic to Mindanao island in the Philippines, where it grows at an elevation of 1,450–1,900 metres (4,800–6,200 ft) above sea level.

<i>Nepenthes chaniana</i> Species of pitcher plant from Borneo

Nepenthes chaniana is a tropical pitcher plant species belonging to the genus Nepenthes. It is characterised by a dense indumentum of long, white hairs. Pitchers are cylindrical and mostly white to yellow in colouration. Nepenthes chaniana belongs to the loosely defined "N. maxima complex", which also includes, among other species, N. boschiana, N. epiphytica, N. eymae, N. faizaliana, N. fusca, N. klossii, N. maxima, N. platychila, N. stenophylla, and N. vogelii.

<i>Nepenthes alba</i> Species of pitcher plant from Peninsular Malaysia

Nepenthes alba is a tropical pitcher plant endemic to Peninsular Malaysia. The specific epithet alba is derived from the Latin word albus, meaning "white", and refers to the colour of the upper pitchers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pramod Tandon</span> Indian academic

Pramod Tandon is an India Plant Biotechnologist and academic. He is a former Professor of Botany & Vice-Chancellor of North-Eastern Hill University (NEHU), Shillong and Chief Executive Officer of Biotech Park, Lucknow. The Government of India awarded him the fourth highest civilian honour Padma Sri in 2009, for his contributions to science.

References

  1. 1 2 Ved, D.; Saha, D.; Haridasan, K.; Ravikumar, K. (2015). "Nepenthes khasiana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2015: e.T48992883A49009685. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T48992883A49009685.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. 1 2 "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
  3. 1 2 (in Latin) Hooker, J.D. 1873. Ordo CLXXV bis. Nepenthaceæ. In: A. de Candolle Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis 17: 90–105.
  4. ↑ Kurup, R., A.J. Johnson, S. Sankar, A.A. Hussain, C.S. Kumar & S. Baby 2013. Fluorescent prey traps in carnivorous plants. Plant Biology15(3): 611–615. doi : 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00709.x
  5. ↑ "An insight into the world of plants that eat animals – Carnivorous Plants" (PDF).
  6. 1 2 Sajem Betlu, A.L. 2016. "Nepenthes khasiana Hook. f.(Nepenthaceae) from Assam" (PDF). Current Science. Vol III, No. 8.
  7. ↑ Bhau, B.S., K. Medhi, T. Sarkar & S.P. Saikia 2009. PCR based molecular characterization of Nepenthes khasiana Hook. f.—pitcher plant. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution56(8): 1183–1193. doi : 10.1007/s10722-009-9444-0
  8. 1 2 Prasad, M.N.V. & S. Jeeva 2009. Coal mining and its leachate are potential threats to Nepenthes khasiana Hook. f. (Nepenthaceae) that preys on insects - an endemic plant in North Eastern India. Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine Biological Diversity and Conservation2/3: 29–33.
  9. ↑ Flora of Meghalaya Archived 2007-12-25 at the Wayback Machine
  10. ↑ Verma, P.K., J. Schlauer, K.K. Rawat & K. Giri 2014. Status of insectivorous plants in northeast India. Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 43(2): 49–58.
  11. ↑ Ziemer, B. 2010. Exciting conservation news: the Rare Nepenthes Collection project! Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 39(3): 67.
  12. ↑ Nepenthes khasiana Archived 2018-02-09 at the Wayback Machine . Ark of Life.
  13. ↑ Bourke, G. 2010. "A new conservation initiative: the Rare Nepenthes Collection project" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-04-09. Retrieved 2012-10-30.Captive Exotics Newsletter1(2): 5–6.
  14. ↑ Moore, D. 1872. On the culture of Nepenthes at Glasnevin. The Gardeners' Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette 1872(11): 359–360.
  15. 1 2 3 Masters, M.T. 1872. The cultivated species of Nepenthes. The Gardeners' Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette 1872(16): 540–542.
  16. ↑ Masters, M.T. 1881. New garden plants. Nepenthes Mastersiana×, Hort. Veitch. The Gardeners' Chronicle, new series, 16(415): 748–749.
  17. ↑ Masters, M.T. 1882. New garden plants. Nepenthes rubro-maculata×, Hort. Veitch. The Gardeners' Chronicle, new series, 17(423): 143.
  18. ↑ Dixon, W.E. 1889. Nepenthes. The Gardeners' Chronicle, series 3, 6(144): 354.

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