Niagara Regional Police Service

Last updated

Niagara Regional Police Service
Nrpscrest.png
MottoUnity, Loyalty, Responsibility
Agency overview
FormedJanuary 1, 1971 [1]
Employees1100 [2]
Jurisdictional structure
Operations jurisdiction Regional Municipality of Niagara, Ontario, Canada
Size1 852.82 sq km [3]
Population477 941 [3]
Governing body Niagara Regional Police Services Board
Constituting instrument
General nature
Operational structure
Headquarters Niagara Falls, Ontario
Sworn members774 [2]
Non-sworn members326 [2]
Elected officer responsible
Agency executives
Facilities
Districts6
Website
Official website

The Niagara Regional Police Service (NRPS) is a regional police service maintained by the Regional Municipality of Niagara in the Canadian province of Ontario. As of 2021, the force employed 774 sworn police officers and 326 non-sworn support staff members. [2]

Contents

The NRPS was established on January 1, 1971, and was the second police service to serve a regional municipality after the Metropolitan Toronto Police Force. [1] Its headquarters is located in Niagara Falls, Ontario.

History

The original shoulder flash of the Niagara Regional Police, used when the force was established in 1971. Canada - ontario - niagara regional 1.JPG
The original shoulder flash of the Niagara Regional Police, used when the force was established in 1971.

The Regional Municipality of Niagara was created on January 1, 1970 through the amalgamation of Welland and Lincoln Counties and the re-organization of the 26 villages, towns, townships, and cities into 12 municipalities. [6] [7] As a part of the reorganization, the municipal police commissions were amalgamated into one regional board, and three deputy chiefs from the region's municipal police forces were appointed to oversee the process of creating a regional police force. One year later, on January 1, 1971, the Niagara Regional Police Force took over policing for the regional municipality, with 398 sworn officers and 42 non-sworn support staff. [1]

In 2016, the Service opened a new headquarters in Niagara Falls, the first in the force's history that wasn't located in St. Catharines. [1] [8] The new headquarters was designed to replace both the previous headquarters and the Niagara Falls district station. The St. Catharines district station, which had previously also served as the headquarters for the Service, was replaced in 2021. [9]

Effingham St Incident

On November 29, 2018, Constable Nathan Parker was shot nine times by Detective Sergeant Shane Donovan while the officers investigated a traffic collision in the rural town of Pelham, Ontario. [10] [11] Donovan was leading the collision reconstruction team, while Parker was a district officer assigned to keep the road closed while investigators worked the collision. [11] While Donovan left to refuel his vehicle and pick up food for the investigators, Parker allegedly also left his post without informing any other officers, thus re-opening part of the road. [11] When Donovan confronted him, Parker allegedly became irate, pushing, punching, and then drawing his baton on Det. Sgt. Donovan, to which Donovan responded by attempting to arrest Parker, drawing his firearm in the process. Parker then drew his own gun, and Donovan shot Cst. Parker until he fell to the ground. [11] Donovan then radioed for an ambulance, saying "PC Parker attacked me, shots fired" and "he did pull a gun on me but I shot him." [12] Parker survived the shooting with serious injuries. [10]

Immediately after the shooting, the SIU invoked its mandate to investigate the shooting, and the chief of the Niagara Regional Police Service requested the OPP conduct a parallel investigation to "determine if there was any criminal culpability outside of the SIU’s scope." [10]

Parker had a history of misconduct, facing four different disciplinary board hearings, three of which for violent behaviour. [10] At the time of the shooting, Parker had been docked a cumulative 326 hours of pay for incidents that included excessive force used against prisoners, arresting a cyclist without cause, and opening his own investigation into a supervisor who had already been cleared of wrongdoing. [10] His reputation was so poor that one Niagara officer told the Toronto Sun that "nobody feels sorry for [Parker]," prompting questions about why Parker had been employed by the force prior to the shooting. [13]

In March 2019, the SIU charged Det. Sgt. Donovan with attempted murder, aggravated assault, and assault with a weapon. [14] Those charges were dropped by the Crown months later, citing a lack of reasonable prospect of conviction. [15] The OPP, meanwhile, charged Cst. Parker with assaulting a peace officer, assault with intent to resist arrest, and assault with a weapon. [16] The charges against Parker were also dropped after a brief trial after it was revealed that Donovan had inappropriately accessed case evidence — evidence he had from when he had been a defendant on the SIU charges. [17] Donovan was subsequently charged with perjury in 2022. [17]

That same year, Cst. Parker was charged with mischief under $5000 and assault by the Halton Regional Police Service in an unrelated road rage incident that occurred while Parker had been off-duty. [18]

Police chiefs

ChiefTenure
Albert E. Shennan [1] 1971-1977
Donald Harris1977-1984
James A. Gayder1984-1987
John E. Shoveller1987-1993
J. Grant Waddell1993-2000
Gary E. Nicholls2000-2005
Wendy E. Southhall2005-2012
Jeffrey McGuire2012-2017
Bryan MacCulloch2017-2024*

*MacCulloch announced his retirement for Feb. 2024

Line of duty deaths

Since the Service's incorporation in 1971, five Regional Police officers have died in the line of duty. [19]

NameDateCause of death
Constable Luciano DeSimoneMay 2, 1974 Automobile accident
Constable Stephen PeazelJanuary 25, 1988 Pulmonary embolism (complications from workplace injury)
Constable Jeffrey PaolozziFebruary 6, 1993 Accidental gunfire
Constable Daniel RathonyiSeptember 15, 2005 Heart failure
Constable Joan VanBredaMay 22, 2020Medical complications from 1986 workplace injury

Organization

The NRPS provides all general policing duties in the region, including patrol of municipal and regional roads and waterways within the region, including the Welland Canal, the Niagara River and lakes Ontario and Erie. Patrol of provincial highways in the region, such as the Queen Elizabeth Way, is handled by the Ontario Provincial Police, while patrol services on Niagara Parks Commission property is handled by the Niagara Parks Police Service. The NRPS is, however, mandated to investigate all major crimes in the region, including those that occur on provincial highways or on NPC property.

Police services board

Like all municipalities in Ontario, [20] the Regional Municipality of Niagara maintains a police services board, responsible for overseeing policing services in the Region. [21] The board approves the police budget, hires the chief and deputy chiefs of police directly, and is the legal employer of every Niagara Regional Police employee. [21] [22] Although the board sets overall service policy and direction, it has no operational control over the service or its officers, and day-to-day policing decisions are the exclusive jurisdiction of the police chief. [22]

The Board has 2 full-time employees, an executive director and an executive assistant, and consists of seven members: the regional chair (or their designate); two regional councillors; one member of the public appointed by the regional council; and three members of the public appointed by the province. [21] As of 2023, its members are:

NamePositionAppointed by
Jen LawsonChairProvince
David EkeVice-chairProvince
Tara McKendrickMemberProvince
Pat ChiocchioCouncillorNiagara Regional Council
Laura IpCouncillorNiagara Regional Council
Bill SteeleCouncillorNiagara Regional Council
Nyarayi KapisavanhuMemberNiagara Regional Council

Special constabularies

In addition to maintaining the Niagara Regional Police Service, the Board is responsible for approving and overseeing special constabularies that operate in the regional municipality. Currently, there are two special constabularies under the Board's jurisdiction, the Niagara Parks Police Service and the Brock University Campus Safety Services division. [23] [24] The Parks Police Service is unique among special constabularies in Ontario in that its members carry firearms and are trained alongside police officers at the Ontario Police College. [25]

Rank structure

RankChief of policeDeputy chiefSuperintendentInspectorStaff sergeantSergeantConstable
Insignia

(Slip-on)

Peel Police - Chief of Police.png
Peel Police - Deputy Chief.png
Peel Police - Superintendent.png
Peel Police - Inspector.png
Toronto Police - Staff Sergeant.png
Toronto Police - Sergeant.png
Toronto Police - Constable.png
Insignia

(Shoulder board)

Toronto Police - Chief of Police (SB).png
Toronto Police - Deputy Chief of Police (SB).png
Toronto Police - Superintendent (SB).png
Toronto Police - Inspector (SB).png
Shoulder boards not used for these ranks

Districts

The Niagara Regional Police Service is divided into six districts, numbered 1-3, 5-6, and 8: [26]

NameAddressCommunities served
1 District198 Welland Avenue St. Catharines, Thorold
2 District5700 Valley Way Niagara Falls, Niagara-on-the-Lake
3 District5 Lincoln Street West Welland, Pelham
5 District650 Gilmore Road Fort Erie
6 District501 Fielden Avenue Port Colborne, Wainfleet
8 District45 Clarke Street Grimsby, Lincoln, West Lincoln

Headquarters and administrative offices are located at 5700 Valley Way, Niagara Falls, Ontario.

Support services are located on Welland Canals Parkway in St. Catharines.

2 District is also referred to as the Casino District. [27]

Services

Emergency ServicesExecutive ServicesInvestigative Support ServicesSpecial Investigative ServicesSpecial Victims Unit
Marine UnitCommunity Oriented Response & Engagement (CORE)Special Investigative ServicesDrugs & MoralityChild Abuse Unit (CAU)
Underwater Search and Recovery UnitCorporate AnalysisSpecial Victims UnitsIntelligenceDomestic Violence Unit (DVU)
Canine UnitCorporate CommunicationsMajor CrimeJoint Forces OperationHuman Trafficking Unit (HTU)
Emergency Task UnitLabour RelationsProvincial Anti Violence Intervention Strategy (PAVIS)Internet Child Exploitation Unit (ICE)
Explosive Disposal UnitMember Support UnitOffender Management Unit (OMU)
Crisis NegaotiatorsPolicy and Risk ManagementSexual Assault Unit (SAU)
Collision Reconstruction UnitProfessional DevelopmentTechnological Crime Unit (Tech Crimes)
Traffic Enforcement UnitProfessional StandardsComputer Cyber Crime Unit (C3)
Video Unit OPVTA

Pipes and Drums Band

Members of the Niagara Regional Police Service's Pipes and Drums band participate in the 2007 Kincardine Scottish Festival. Niagarapolice kincardine2007.jpg
Members of the Niagara Regional Police Service's Pipes and Drums band participate in the 2007 Kincardine Scottish Festival.

The Niagara Regional Police Pipe Band is a grade three pipe band based in Niagara Falls. [28]

The band's pipe major is Peter MacKenzie.

There was a grade 2 pipe band in existence until the end of the 2009 season, led by Dave Goodall (pipe major) and Graham Kirkwood (drum sergeant), however, that group dissolved in fall of 2009.

Mounted Unit

Mounted Unit Mounted unit NRP.jpg
Mounted Unit

Members of the mounted unit are part of the force's colour guard.

There are three horses in the unit with three other horses retired. Two of the three horses are owned by the NRP.

On November 25, 2010, the Niagara Regional Mounted Unit was disbanded for budgetary reasons. The annual budget of $30,000.00 used to care for the horses was redistributed elsewhere.

Marine Unit

Zodiac 940 NRPS940.jpg
Zodiac 940
Subice Diving NRP Dive.jpg
Subice Diving

Because crime and the need for assistance aren't limited to land, the Niagara Regional Police Service's Marine Unit provides policing to the lakes and waterways of the Niagara Region. They conduct general patrol duties in parts of Lake Ontario, Lake Erie, the Niagara River, and other water sanctuaries within or bordering the Niagara Region. Officers in the Marine Unit enforce the Criminal Code, Narcotic, and Liquor Licence Act offences in addition to marine and navigation laws.

The Marine Unit also assists in search and rescue/search and recovery operations when required. In doing so, they work with other units within the Niagara Regional Police Service, other police services and agencies related to maritime safety or the judicial process.

Underwater Search and Recovery Unit

The mandate of the Underwater Search & Recovery Unit Diver Unit (USRU) is to extend the police function underwater with a cost effective, highly trained and equipped underwater forensic response that meets the needs of the service, the citizens of Niagara and our contracted partners. The underwater capability must be as forensically and professionally reliable as police duties that are executed on land, and meet the legislated competency requirements prescribed by CSA Z275.4-02 Competency Standard for Diving Operations.

All USRU members must be sworn police officers and certified divers before they can apply to the team. Candidates are put through a challenging Phase I: Diver Selection week where they complete a variety of tests including: basic diving knowledge; watermanship and stamina; claustrophobia and skills assessments. This selection program ensures all the applicants have the aptitude to take part in this unique form of commercial diving. Successful candidates then complete six weeks of qualification training based on CSA Standards to develop the requisite knowledge, skills and experience to eventually challenge a formal external audit process prescribed by the Diver Certification Board of Canada (DCBC).

The USRU assists in the forensic recovery of human remains, SCUBA fatalities, vehicle, vessel, air crash investigations, and weapons recovery. All members are certified in harbour clearing, hull searching and explosives recognition. Two members are trained in underwater explosives disposal and improvised explosive device render safe.

Since 1998, Niagara’s eight-person USRU has provided search and recovery services for the Waterloo Regional Police Service on a 24/7 contract basis.

Officers are also trained in ice rescue and swift water rescue.

Fleet

Vehicle Fleet

An incomplete list of retired and current vehicles:

MakeOriginIn service
Dodge Charger Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada 2006–2012 ChargerV815.jpg
Dodge Magnum Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada 2006–2012 V203.jpg
Ford Taurus Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States 2002–present V315.jpg
Chevrolet Impala Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada 2002–2018 ImpolaOld2.jpg
Ford Crown Victoria Police Interceptor Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada 1998–2018 V128.jpg
Ford Freestar RIDE Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada 2005–retired RideVan.jpg
Chrysler PT Cruiser (CORE)Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico 2003–2005 COREVehicle.jpg
Chevrolet Tahoe Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States present 491Tahoe.jpg
Chevrolet Suburban Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States present SuburbanNRP.jpg
Ford F150 Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States present
Ford F250 Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States present V491F250.jpg
Ford F350 Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States present NRPMarinF350.jpg
Ford Expedition Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States 2007-2017 V301White.jpg
Ford Explorer Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States 2013–present V129.jpg
Jeep Cherokee Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States retired Jeep6D.jpg
Dodge Polara Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States 1970sRetired, Photo
Chevrolet Caprice Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada 1970s-1998Retired

Vessel Fleet

MakeOriginIn-service

Retired

Protector New Zealand Retired ProtectorV788.jpg
Seadoo GTXFlag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada Retired SeadooNRP.jpg
Titan BoatsFlag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada In-Service TitanDock.jpg
Zodiac 940Flag of the United States.svg  United States In-Service RacineNRP.jpg
Zodiac 940Flag of the United States.svg  United States In-Service 942NRP.jpg
Zodiac InflatableFlag of the United States.svg  United States In-Service ZodiacInflatableNRP.jpg
Yamaha WaverunnerFlag of the United States.svg  United States In-Service JetskiNRP.jpg

Following changes to the Ontario Highway Traffic Act in August 2007, the Niagara Regional Police Service began replacing red and white "Street Hawk" emergency lights on police vehicles with new blue and red LED lights. Older-style light bars were gradually phased out through attrition.

Niagara Regional Police Service marked patrol vehicles have historically been white in colour. In the late 1980s to the early 1990s, they were distinguished with royal blue hoods and a single blue stripe on the sides of the vehicle. In the mid-1990s, the service adopted the crest used today, switching to blue and green stripes on the sides of patrol vehicles, and abandoning the traditional blue hoods. This striping change was relatively short lived, with the service soon adopting red and blue striping more commonly seen on police vehicles in Ontario. In 2013, the Niagara Regional Police Service commenced a re-branding of marked patrol vehicles, adopting a black and white colour scheme, with silver and red graphics, which is being phased in as vehicles are replaced through attrition.

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Niagara Falls, Ontario</span> City in Ontario, Canada

Niagara Falls is a city in Ontario, Canada. It is on the western bank of the Niagara River in the Golden Horseshoe region of Southern Ontario, with a population of 94,415 at the 2021 census. It is part of the St. Catharines - Niagara Census Metropolitan Area (CMA). Incorporated on 12 June 1903, the city is across the river from Niagara Falls, New York. The Niagara River flows over Niagara Falls at this location, creating a natural spectacle which attracts millions of tourists each year.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Regional Municipality of Niagara</span> Regional municipality in Ontario, Canada

The Regional Municipality of Niagara, also colloquially known as the Niagara Region or Region of Niagara, is a regional municipality comprising twelve municipalities of Southern Ontario, Canada. The regional seat is in Thorold. It is the southern end of the Golden Horseshoe, the largest megalopolis in Canada.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ontario Provincial Police</span> Provincial law enforcement agency for Ontario, Canada

The Ontario Provincial Police (OPP) is the provincial police service of Ontario, Canada. The OPP patrols provincial highways and waterways; protects provincial government buildings and officials, with the exception of the legislative precinct; patrols unincorporated areas in northern Ontario; provides training, operational support, and funding to some Indigenous police forces; and investigates complex or multijurisdictional crimes across the province. The OPP also has a number of local mandates through contracts with municipal governments and First Nations, where it acts as the local police force and provides front-line services.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Peel Regional Police</span> Police force in Ontario, Canada

The Peel Regional Police (PRP) provides policing services for Peel Region in Ontario, Canada. It is the second largest municipal police service in Ontario after the Toronto Police Service and third largest municipal force in Canada behind those of Toronto and Montreal, with 2,200 uniformed members and close to 875 support staff.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Halton Regional Police Service</span> Policing service for the Regional Municipality of Halton in Ontario, Canada

The Halton Regional Police Service provides policing service for the Regional Municipality of Halton, which is located west of Toronto, in Ontario, Canada. Halton Region encompasses the City of Burlington and the Towns of Oakville, Milton and Halton Hills. As of July, 2020, the Halton Regional Police Service has over 1,000 members, including 718 sworn police officers and approximately 302 civilian and volunteer members. The service is responsible for policing a population of approximately 610,000 people in an area covering 692 square kilometers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Toronto Police Service</span> Police agency of Toronto, Canada

The Toronto Police Service (TPS) is a municipal police force in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and the primary agency responsible for providing law enforcement and policing services in Toronto. Established in 1834, it was the first local police service created in North America and is one of the oldest police services in the English-speaking world.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">York Regional Police</span> Police agency of York Region, Ontario, Canada

The York Regional Police (YRP) is the police service of the Regional Municipality of York, Ontario, Canada. YRP was formed in 1971 from the police forces maintained by the nine municipalities which amalgamated into York Region at the time. The force had a strength of over 1,500 sworn members and 618 unsworn members as of 2015.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ottawa Police Service</span> Police agency of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

The Ottawa Police Service is the municipal police service of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. The OPS serves an area of 2,790 square kilometres and 1,017,449 people, alongside several other police forces which have specialized jurisdiction.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Durham Regional Police Service</span> Police agency of Durham Region, Ontario, Canada

The Durham Regional Police Service (DRPS) is the police service operated by and serving the Regional Municipality of Durham, Ontario, Canada. The DRPS has a strength of over 900 sworn officers and over 300 unsworn members, and serves the following local municipalities, with a combined population of 706,200:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Halifax Regional Police</span> Police department in Halifax, Canada

The Halifax Regional Police (HRP) is one of a number of law enforcement agencies operating in the Halifax, Nova Scotia; the other primaries being the Royal Canadian Mounted Police and the Canadian Forces Military Police. The city also is home to a small detachment of the Canadian National Railway Police.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Niagara Parks Police Service</span> Police service for the Niagara Parks Commission in Canada

The Niagara Parks Police Service is a special constabulary maintained by the Niagara Parks Commission in Niagara Falls, Niagara-on-the-Lake and Fort Erie, Ontario, Canada. Established in 1887, the Niagara Parks Police Service has a unique status among Ontario special constabularies in that its members are armed and trained at the Ontario Police College. As special constables, Parks Police officers only have authority on or in relation to property owned by the Niagara Parks Commission, in contrast to municipal or provincial police officers, who have authority province-wide.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Special Investigations Unit (Ontario)</span> Civilian police oversight agency of Ontario, Canada

The Special Investigations Unit is the civilian police oversight agency of the province of Ontario, Canada. The SIU is responsible for investigating circumstances involving police that have resulted in a death or serious injury, or if a firearm was discharged at a person. The unit also investigates allegations of sexual assault. The unit's goal is to ensure that criminal law is applied appropriately to police conduct, as determined through independent investigations, increasing public confidence in the police services.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hamilton Police Service</span> Police service of Hamilton

The Hamilton Police Service (HPS) is the police service of the city of Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. As of 2021, the service employed 829 sworn officers and 414 non-sworn staff, serving a population of about 570 000 residents. The service's headquarters are located at 155 King William St., Hamilton, Ontario. As of 2022, the service's budget is $183 542 539, roughly 18.5% of the City's overall budget. It is one of the oldest police forces in Ontario.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Law enforcement in Canada</span> Overview of law enforcement in Canada

Law enforcement in Canada is the responsibility of police services, special constabularies, and civil law enforcement agencies, which are operated by every level of government, some private and Crown corporations, and First Nations. In contrast to the United States or Mexico, and with the exception of the Unité permanente anticorruption in Quebec and the Organized Crime Agency of British Columbia, there are no organizations dedicated exclusively to the investigation of criminal activity in Canada. Criminal investigations are instead conducted by police services, which maintain specialized criminal investigation units in addition to their mandate for emergency response and general community safety.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Maryland Natural Resources Police</span> Law enforcement arm of the Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR)

The Maryland Natural Resources Police (NRP) is the law enforcement arm of the Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR), tasked with enforcing laws on the state's public lands and waterways, protecting fish and wildlife, and leading search and rescue efforts. The Natural Resources Police is also the state's maritime homeland security agency.

Niagara Region Transit is a regional public transit system operating in the Niagara Region of Ontario. Initial service commenced on September 12, 2011, and consisted of inter-municipal routes. In January 2023, Niagara Region Transit assumed the operations of Welland Transit, Fort Erie Transit, St. Catharines Transit, and Niagara Falls Transit to form a single unified local transit service for the entire Niagara Region.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Windsor Police Service</span> Police service in Windsor, Ontario, Canada

The Windsor Police Service is the municipal law enforcement agency in Windsor, Ontario, Canada. It succeeded the Royal Canadian Rifle Regiment.

North Preston's Finest, also known as NPF, the Scotians, or the North Preston gang, is a gang of pimps based in North Preston, a satellite of Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada.

A. N. Myer Secondary School is a public high school located in Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada. It is located on O'Neil Street and is part of the District School Board of Niagara. As of the 2019–2020 school year, 1213 students were enrolled. A. N. Myer was one of the first schools in the Niagara Region to receive an astroturf field. It is the only high school in the city of Niagara Falls to offer the French immersion program.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 "History". Niagara Regional Police Service.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "Niagara Regional Police Service 2021 Annual Report" (PDF). Niagara Regional Police Services Board.
  3. 1 2 "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population: Niagara, Regional municipality". Statistics Canada.
  4. "Bryan MacCulloch takes reins at Niagara Regional Police". Blue Line Magazine.
  5. 1 2 "Executive Command Staff". Niagara Regional Police Service.
  6. "History of Niagara Region and Regional Council". Niagara Region.
  7. "County of Lincoln". Ontario Ministry of Public and Business Service Delivery.
  8. "Police plan to have new HQ fully operational by Labour Day". Niagara Falls Review.
  9. "New police station in St. Catharines nearing completion". St. Catharines Standard.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 "Niagara-area officer, shot several times in argument with fellow cop, in critical condition, SIU says". Toronto Star.
  11. 1 2 3 4 "'It was either me or him,' Niagara police sergeant who shot fellow officer says as trial begins". CBC News.
  12. "Hear the frantic call made by Niagara police sergeant moments after shooting one of his colleagues". CHCH News.
  13. "NIAGARA BLUES: NRP has history of corruption, brutality". Toronto Sun.
  14. "Niagara cop charged with attempted murder of fellow on-duty officer following 2018 shooting". Toronto Star.
  15. "Charges dropped against Niagara officer who shot another officer last year". CBC News.
  16. "Shot Niagara Regional Police officer charged with assault, resisting arrest". Peterborough Examiner.
  17. 1 2 "Niagara police officer, who shot another officer 10 times in 2018, charged with perjury". CBC News.
  18. "Niagara cop charged with assault in road rage incident". Thorold Today.
  19. "In Memoriam". Niagara Regional Police Service.
  20. "Police Services Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. P.15 s. 27".
  21. 1 2 3 "Police Services Board". Niagara Regional Police Service.
  22. 1 2 "Police Services Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. P.15 s. 34".
  23. "Niagara Parks Police Service: Unique in Ontario". issuu.
  24. "Campus Safety Services". Brock University.
  25. Hogg, William (April 23, 2010). "Time-Honoured Niagara Parks Police – One Of Oldest Police Forces In Ontario – Could Die Without Public Support". NiagaraAtLarge.com. Retrieved April 11, 2017.
  26. "District Operations - Police Stations Map". Niagara Regional Police Service.
  27. "2 District Niagara Falls". Niagara Regional Police Service.
  28. Liddle, Rob (July 9, 2008). "Penetangore Pipers claim top prizes at Scottish Festival". Kincardine News. Archived from the original on 2018-04-13.