Orders of magnitude (entropy)

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The following list shows different orders of magnitude of entropy.

Factor (J K−1)ValueItem
10−249.5699×10−24 J K−1Entropy equivalent of one bit of information, equal to k times ln(2) [1]
10−231.381×10−23 Boltzmann Constant, entropy equivalent of one nat of information.
1015.74 J K−1Standard entropy of 1 mole of graphite [2]
1033≈ 1035 J K−1Entropy of the Sun (given as ≈ 1042 erg K−1 in Bekenstein (1973)) [3]
10541.5 × 1054 J K−1Entropy of a black hole of one solar mass (given as ≈ 1060 erg K−1 in Bekenstein (1973)) [3]
10814.3 × 1081 J K−1One estimate of the theoretical maximum entropy of the universe [4] [5]

See also

Related Research Articles

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Entropy is a scientific concept that is most commonly associated with a state of disorder, randomness, or uncertainty. The term and the concept are used in diverse fields, from classical thermodynamics, where it was first recognized, to the microscopic description of nature in statistical physics, and to the principles of information theory. It has found far-ranging applications in chemistry and physics, in biological systems and their relation to life, in cosmology, economics, sociology, weather science, climate change, and information systems including the transmission of information in telecommunication.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Boltzmann constant</span> Physical constant relating particle kinetic energy with temperature

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An order of magnitude of time is usually a decimal prefix or decimal order-of-magnitude quantity together with a base unit of time, like a microsecond or a million years. In some cases, the order of magnitude may be implied, like a "second" or "year". In other cases, the quantity name implies the base unit, like "century". In most cases, the base unit is seconds or years.

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Leo V is a dwarf spheroidal galaxy situated in the Leo constellation and discovered in 2007 in the data obtained by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. The galaxy is located at a distance of about 180 kpc from the Sun and moves away from the Sun with the velocity of about 173 km/s. It is classified as a dwarf spheroidal galaxy (dSph) meaning that it has an approximately spherical shape with the half-light radius of about 130 pc.

64 Piscium is the Flamsteed designation for a close binary star system in the zodiac constellation of Pisces. It can be viewed with the naked eye, with the components having a combined apparent visual magnitude of 5.07. An annual parallax shift of 42.64 mas provides a distance estimate of 46.5 light years. The system is moving further from the Sun with a radial velocity of +3.76 km/s.

References

  1. Jean-Bernard Brissaud (14 February 2005). "The Meaning of Entropy" (PDF). Entropy, 2005, 7[1], 68–96. Retrieved 2010-04-21. page 72 (page 5 of pdf)
  2. Chung Chieh. "Entropy: A Study Guide" . Retrieved 2010-04-21.
  3. 1 2 Jacob D. Bekenstein (1973). "Black Holes and Entropy" (PDF). Physical Review D. 7 (8): 2333–2346. Bibcode:1973PhRvD...7.2333B. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.7.2333. S2CID   122636624. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-05-23.
  4. Chas A. Egan; Charles H. Lineweaver (25 January 2010). "A Larger Estimate of the Entropy of the Universe". The Astrophysical Journal. 710 (2): 1825–1834. arXiv: 0909.3983 . Bibcode:2010ApJ...710.1825E. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/710/2/1825. S2CID   1274173. 3.1 x 10^104k
  5. Calculated: 3.1e104 * k = 3.1e104 * 1.381e-23 J/K = 4.3e81 J/K