This list compares various energies in joules (J), organized by order of magnitude.
Factor (joules) | SI prefix | Value | Item |
---|---|---|---|
10−34 | 6.626×10−34 J | Photon energy of a photon with a frequency of 1 hertz. [1] | |
10−33 | 2×10−33 J | Average kinetic energy of translational motion of a molecule at the lowest temperature reached, 100 picokelvins as of 1999 [update] [2] | |
10−30 | quecto- (qJ) | ||
10−28 | 6.6×10−28 J | Energy of a typical AM radio photon (1 MHz) (4×10−9 eV) [3] | |
10−27 | ronto- (rJ) | ||
10−24 | yocto- (yJ) | 1.6×10−24 J | Energy of a typical microwave oven photon (2.45 GHz) (1×10−5 eV) [4] [5] |
10−23 | 2×10−23 J | Average kinetic energy of translational motion of a molecule in the Boomerang Nebula, the coldest place known outside of a laboratory, at a temperature of 1 kelvin [6] [7] | |
10−22 | 2–3000×10−22 J | Energy of infrared light photons [8] | |
10−21 | zepto- (zJ) | 1.7×10−21 J | 1 kJ/mol, converted to energy per molecule [9] |
2.1×10−21 J | Thermal energy in each degree of freedom of a molecule at 25 °C (k T/2) (0.01 eV) [10] | ||
2.856×10−21 J | By Landauer's principle, the minimum amount of energy required at 25 °C to change one bit of information | ||
3–7×10−21 J | Energy of a van der Waals interaction between atoms (0.02–0.04 eV) [11] [12] | ||
4.1×10−21 J | The "k T" constant at 25 °C, a common rough approximation for the total thermal energy of each molecule in a system (0.03 eV) [13] | ||
7–22×10−21 J | Energy of a hydrogen bond (0.04 to 0.13 eV) [11] [14] | ||
10−20 | 4.5×10−20 J | Upper bound of the mass–energy of a neutrino in particle physics (0.28 eV) [15] [16] | |
10−19 | 1.6×10−19 J | ≈1 electronvolt (eV) [17] | |
3–5×10−19 J | Energy range of photons in visible light (≈1.6–3.1 eV) [18] [19] | ||
3–14×10−19 J | Energy of a covalent bond (2–9 eV) [11] [20] | ||
5–200×10−19 J | Energy of ultraviolet light photons [8] | ||
10−18 | atto- (aJ) | 2.18×10−18 J | Ground state ionization energy of hydrogen (13.6 eV) |
10−17 | 2–2000×10−17 J | Energy range of X-ray photons [8] | |
10−16 | |||
10−15 | femto- (fJ) | 3 × 10−15 J | Average kinetic energy of one human red blood cell. [21] [22] [23] |
10−14 | 1×10−14 J | Sound energy (vibration) transmitted to the eardrums by listening to a whisper for one second. [24] [25] [26] | |
> 2×10−14 J | Energy of gamma ray photons [8] | ||
2.7×10−14 J | Upper bound of the mass–energy of a muon neutrino [27] [28] | ||
8.2×10−14 J | Rest mass–energy of an electron [29] (0.511 MeV) [30] | ||
10−13 | 1.6×10−13 J | 1 megaelectronvolt (MeV) [31] | |
2.3×10−13 J | Energy released by a single event of two protons fusing into deuterium (1.44 megaelectronvolt MeV) [32] | ||
10−12 | pico- (pJ) | 2.3×10−12 J | Kinetic energy of neutrons produced by DT fusion, used to trigger fission (14.1 MeV) [33] [34] |
10−11 | 3.4×10−11 J | Average total energy released in the nuclear fission of one uranium-235 atom (215 MeV) [35] [36] | |
10−10 | 1.492×10−10 J | Mass-energy equivalent of 1 u [37] (931.5 MeV) [38] | |
1.503×10−10 J | Rest mass–energy of a proton [39] (938.3 MeV) [40] | ||
1.505×10−10 J | Rest mass–energy of a neutron [41] (939.6 MeV) [42] | ||
1.6×10−10 J | 1 gigaelectronvolt (GeV) [43] | ||
3×10−10 J | Rest mass–energy of a deuteron [44] | ||
6×10−10 J | Rest mass–energy of an alpha particle [45] | ||
7×10−10 J | Energy required to raise a grain of sand by 0.1mm (the thickness of a piece of paper). [46] | ||
10−9 | nano- (nJ) | 1.6×10−9 J | 10 GeV [47] |
8×10−9 J | Initial operating energy per beam of the CERN Large Electron Positron Collider in 1989 (50 GeV) [48] [49] | ||
10−8 | 1.3×10−8 J | Mass–energy of a W boson (80.4 GeV) [50] [51] | |
1.5×10−8 J | Mass–energy of a Z boson (91.2 GeV) [52] [53] | ||
1.6×10−8 J | 100 GeV [54] | ||
2×10−8 J | Mass–energy of the Higgs Boson (125.1 GeV) [55] | ||
6.4×10−8 J | Operating energy per proton of the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron accelerator in 1976 [56] [57] | ||
10−7 | 1×10−7 J | ≡ 1 erg [58] | |
1.6×10−7 J | 1 TeV (teraelectronvolt), [59] about the kinetic energy of a flying mosquito [60] | ||
10−6 | micro- (μJ) | 1.04×10−6 J | Energy per proton in the CERN Large Hadron Collider in 2015 (6.5 TeV) [61] [62] |
10−5 | |||
10−4 | 1.0×10−4 J | Energy released by a typical radioluminescent wristwatch in 1 hour [63] [64] (1 µCi × 4.871 MeV × 1 hr) | |
10−3 | milli- (mJ) | 3.0×10−3 J | Energy released by a P100 atomic battery in 1 hour [65] (2.4 V × 350 nA × 1 hr) |
10−2 | centi- (cJ) | 4.0×10−2 J | Use of a typical LED for 1 second [66] (2.0 V × 20 mA × 1 s) |
10−1 | deci- (dJ) | 1.1×10−1 J | Energy of an American half-dollar falling 1 metre [67] [68] |
100 | J | 1 J | ≡ 1 N·m (newton–metre) |
1 J | ≡ 1 W·s (watt-second) | ||
1 J | Kinetic energy produced as an extra small apple (~100 grams [69] ) falls 1 meter against Earth's gravity [70] | ||
1 J | Energy required to heat 1 gram of dry, cool air by 1 degree Celsius [71] | ||
1.4 J | ≈ 1 ft·lbf (foot-pound force) [58] | ||
4.184 J | ≡ 1 thermochemical calorie (small calorie) [58] | ||
4.1868 J | ≡ 1 International (Steam) Table calorie [72] | ||
8 J | Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin theoretical upper limit for the energy of a cosmic ray coming from a distant source [73] [74] | ||
101 | deca- (daJ) | 1×101 J | Flash energy of a typical pocket camera electronic flash capacitor (100–400 μF @ 330 V) [75] [76] |
3.7–40.0×101 | Kinetic energy of a punch. [77] | ||
5×101 J | The most energetic cosmic ray ever detected. [78] Most likely a single proton traveling only very slightly slower than the speed of light. [79] | ||
102 | hecto- (hJ) | 1.25×102 J | Kinetic energy of a regulation (standard) baseball (5.1 oz / 145 g) [80] thrown at 93 mph / 150 km/h (MLB average pitch speed). [81] |
1.5×102 to 3.6×102 J | Energy delivered by a biphasic external electric shock (defibrillation), usually during adult cardiopulmonary resuscitation for cardiac arrest. | ||
3×102 J | Energy of a lethal dose of X-rays [82] | ||
3×102 J | Kinetic energy of an average person jumping as high as they can [83] [84] [85] | ||
3.3×102 J | Energy to melt 1 g of ice [86] | ||
> 3.6×102 J | Kinetic energy of 800 gram [87] standard men's javelin thrown at > 30 m/s [88] by elite javelin throwers [89] | ||
5–20×102 J | Energy output of a typical photography studio strobe light in a single flash [90] | ||
6×102 J | Kinetic energy of 2 kg [91] standard men's discus thrown at 24.4 m/s[ citation needed ] by the world record holder Jürgen Schult [92] | ||
6×102 J | Use of a 10-watt flashlight for 1 minute | ||
7.5×102 J | A power of 1 horsepower applied for 1 second [58] | ||
7.8×102 J | Kinetic energy of 7.26 kg [93] standard men's shot thrown at 14.7 m/s[ citation needed ] by the world record holder Randy Barnes [94] | ||
8.01×102 J | Amount of work needed to lift a man with an average weight (81.7 kg) one meter above Earth (or any planet with Earth gravity) | ||
103 | kilo- (kJ) | 1.1×103 J | ≈ 1 British thermal unit (BTU), depending on the temperature [58] |
1.4×103 J | Total solar radiation received from the Sun by 1 square meter at the altitude of Earth's orbit per second (solar constant) [95] | ||
1.8×103 J | Kinetic energy of M16 rifle bullet (5.56×45mm NATO M855, 4.1 g fired at 930 m/s) [96] | ||
2.3×103 J | Energy to vaporize 1 g of water into steam [97] | ||
3×103 J | Lorentz force can crusher pinch [98] | ||
3.4×103 J | Kinetic energy of world-record men's hammer throw (7.26 kg [99] thrown at 30.7 m/s [100] in 1986) [101] | ||
3.6×103 J | ≡ 1 W·h (watt-hour) [58] | ||
4.2×103 J | Energy released by explosion of 1 gram of TNT [58] [102] | ||
4.2×103 J | ≈ 1 food Calorie (large calorie) | ||
~7×103 J | Muzzle energy of an elephant gun, e.g. firing a .458 Winchester Magnum [103] | ||
8.5×103 J | Kinetic energy of a regulation baseball thrown at the speed of sound (343 m/s = 767 mph = 1,235 km/h. Air, 20°C). [104] | ||
9×103 J | Energy in an alkaline AA battery [105] | ||
104 | 1.7×104 J | Energy released by the metabolism of 1 gram of carbohydrates [106] or protein [107] | |
3.8×104 J | Energy released by the metabolism of 1 gram of fat [108] | ||
4–5×104 J | Energy released by the combustion of 1 gram of gasoline [109] | ||
5×104 J | Kinetic energy of 1 gram of matter moving at 10 km/s [110] | ||
105 | 3×105 – 15×105 J | Kinetic energy of an automobile at highway speeds (1 to 5 tons [111] at 89 km/h or 55 mph) [112] | |
5×105 J | Kinetic energy of 1 gram of a meteor hitting Earth [113] |
106 | mega- (MJ) | 1×106 J | Kinetic energy of a 2 tonne [111] vehicle at 32 metres per second (115 km/h or 72 mph) [114] |
1.2×106 J | Approximate food energy of a snack such as a Snickers bar (280 food calories) [115] | ||
3.6×106 J | = 1 kWh (kilowatt-hour) (used for electricity) [58] | ||
4.2×106 J | Energy released by explosion of 1 kilogram of TNT [58] [102] | ||
8.4×106 J | Recommended food energy intake per day for a moderately active woman (2000 food calories) [116] [117] | ||
9.1×106 J | Kinetic energy of a regulation baseball thrown at Earth's escape velocity (First cosmic velocity ≈ 11.186 km/s = 25,020 mph = 40,270 km/h). [118] | ||
107 | 1×107 J | Kinetic energy of the armor-piercing round fired by the ISU-152 assault gun [119] [ citation needed ] | |
1.1×107 J | Recommended food energy intake per day for a moderately active man (2600 food calories) [116] [120] | ||
3.3×107 J | Kinetic energy of a 23 lb projectile fired by the Navy's mach 8 railgun. [121] | ||
3.7×107 J | $1 of electricity at a cost of $0.10/kWh (the US average retail cost in 2009) [122] [123] [124] | ||
4×107 J | Energy from the combustion of 1 cubic meter of natural gas [125] | ||
4.2×107 J | Caloric energy consumed by Olympian Michael Phelps on a daily basis during Olympic training [126] | ||
6.3×107 J | Theoretical minimum energy required to accelerate 1 kg of matter to escape velocity from Earth's surface (ignoring atmosphere) [127] | ||
9×107 J | Total mass-energy of 1 microgram of matter (25 kWh) | ||
108 | 1×108 J | Kinetic energy of a 55 tonne aircraft at typical landing speed (59 m/s or 115 knots)[ citation needed ] | |
1.1×108 J | ≈ 1 therm, depending on the temperature [58] | ||
1.1×108 J | ≈ 1 Tour de France, or ~90 hours [128] ridden at 5 W/kg [129] by a 65 kg rider [130] | ||
7.3×108 J | ≈ Energy from burning 16 kilograms of oil (using 135 kg per barrel of light crude)[ citation needed ] | ||
109 | giga- (GJ) | 1–10×109 J | Energy in an average lightning bolt [131] (thunder) |
1.1×109 J | Magnetic stored energy in the world's largest toroidal superconducting magnet for the ATLAS experiment at CERN, Geneva [132] | ||
1.2×109 J | Inflight 100-ton Boeing 757-200 at 300 knots (154 m/s) | ||
1.4×109 J | Theoretical minimum amount of energy required to melt a tonne of steel (380 kWh) [133] [134] | ||
2×109 J | Energy of an ordinary 61 liter gasoline tank of a car. [109] [135] [136] | ||
2×109 J | The unit of energy in Planck units [137] | ||
3×109 J | Inflight 125-ton Boeing 767-200 flying at 373 knots (192 m/s) | ||
3.3×109 J | Approximate average amount of energy expended by a human heart muscle over an 80-year lifetime [138] [139] | ||
3.6×109 J | = 1 MW·h (megawatt-hour) | ||
4.2×109 J | Energy released by explosion of 1 ton of TNT. | ||
4.5×109 J | Average annual energy usage of a standard refrigerator [140] [141] | ||
6.1×109 J | ≈ 1 bboe (barrel of oil equivalent) [142] | ||
1010 | 1.9×1010 J | Kinetic energy of an Airbus A380 at cruising speed (560 tonnes at 511 knots or 263 m/s) | |
4.2×1010 J | ≈ 1 toe (ton of oil equivalent) [142] | ||
4.6×1010 J | Yield energy of a Massive Ordnance Air Blast bomb, the second most powerful non-nuclear weapon ever designed [143] [144] | ||
7.3×1010 J | Energy consumed by the average U.S. automobile in the year 2000 [145] [146] [147] | ||
8.6×1010 J | ≈ 1 MW·d (megawatt-day), used in the context of power plants (24 MW·h) [148] | ||
8.8×1010 J | Total energy released in the nuclear fission of one gram of uranium-235 [35] [36] [149] | ||
9×1010 J | Total mass-energy of 1 milligram of matter (25 MW·h) | ||
1011 | 1.1×1011 J | Kinetic energy of a regulation baseball thrown at lightning speed (120 km/s = 270,000 mph = 435,000 km/h). [150] | |
2.4×1011 J | Approximate food energy consumed by an average human in an 80-year lifetime. [151] |
1012 | tera- (TJ) | 3.4×1012 J | Maximum fuel energy of an Airbus A330-300 (97,530 liters [152] of Jet A-1 [153] ) [154] |
3.6×1012 J | 1 GW·h (gigawatt-hour) [155] | ||
4×1012 J | Electricity generated by one 20-kg CANDU fuel bundle assuming ~29% [156] thermal efficiency of reactor [157] [158] | ||
4.2×1012 J | Energy released by explosion of 1 kiloton of TNT [58] [159] | ||
6.4×1012 J | Energy contained in jet fuel in a Boeing 747-100B aircraft at max fuel capacity (183,380 liters [160] of Jet A-1 [153] ) [161] | ||
1013 | 1.1×1013 J | Energy of the maximum fuel an Airbus A380 can carry (320,000 liters [162] of Jet A-1 [153] ) [163] | |
1.2×1013 J | Orbital kinetic energy of the International Space Station (417 tonnes [164] at 7.7 km/s [165] ) [166] | ||
6.3×1013 J | Yield of the Little Boy atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima in World War II (15 kilotons) [167] [168] | ||
9×1013 J | Theoretical total mass–energy of 1 gram of matter (25 GW·h) [169] | ||
1014 | 1.8×1014 J | Energy released by annihilation of 1 gram of antimatter and matter (50 GW·h) | |
3.75×1014 J | Total energy released by the Chelyabinsk meteor. [170] | ||
6×1014 J | Energy released by an average hurricane in 1 second [171] | ||
1015 | peta- (PJ) | > 1015 J | Energy released by a severe thunderstorm [172] |
1×1015 J | Yearly electricity consumption in Greenland as of 2008 [173] [174] | ||
4.2×1015 J | Energy released by explosion of 1 megaton of TNT [58] [175] | ||
1016 | 1×1016 J | Estimated impact energy released in forming Meteor Crater [ citation needed ] | |
1.1×1016 J | Yearly electricity consumption in Mongolia as of 2010 [173] [176] | ||
6.3×1016 J | Yield of Castle Bravo, the most powerful nuclear weapon tested by the United States [177] | ||
7.9×1016 J | Kinetic energy of a regulation baseball thrown at 99% the speed of light (KE = mc^2 × [γ-1], where the Lorentz factor γ ≈ 7.09). [178] | ||
9×1016 J | Mass–energy of 1 kilogram of antimatter (or matter) [179] | ||
1017 | 1×1017 J | Energy released on the Earth's surface by the magnitude 9.1–9.3 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake [180] | |
1.7×1017 J | Total energy from the Sun that strikes the face of the Earth each second [181] | ||
2.1×1017 J | Yield of the Tsar Bomba, the most powerful nuclear weapon ever tested (50 megatons) [182] [183] | ||
4.2×1017 J | Yearly electricity consumption of Norway as of 2008 [173] [184] | ||
4.5×1017 J | Approximate energy needed to accelerate one ton to one-tenth of the speed of light | ||
8×1017 J | Estimated energy released by the eruption of the Indonesian volcano, Krakatoa, in 1883 [185] [186] [187] |
1018 | exa- (EJ) | 1.4×1018 J | Yearly electricity consumption of South Korea as of 2009 [173] [188] |
1019 | 1.2×1019 J | Explosive yield of global nuclear arsenal [189] (2.86 Gigatons) | |
1.4×1019 J | Yearly electricity consumption in the U.S. as of 2009 [173] [190] | ||
1.4×1019J | Yearly electricity production in the U.S. as of 2009 [191] [192] | ||
5×1019 J | Energy released in 1 day by an average hurricane in producing rain (400 times greater than the wind energy) [171] | ||
6.4×1019 J | Yearly electricity consumption of the world as of 2008 [update] [193] [194] | ||
6.8×1019 J | Yearly electricity generation of the world as of 2008 [update] [193] [195] | ||
1020 | 5×1020 J | Total world annual energy consumption in 2010 [196] [197] | |
8×1020 J | Estimated global uranium resources for generating electricity 2005 [198] [199] [200] [201] | ||
1021 | zetta- (ZJ) | 6.9×1021 J | Estimated energy contained in the world's natural gas reserves as of 2010 [196] [202] |
7.9×1021 J | Estimated energy contained in the world's petroleum reserves as of 2010 [196] [203] | ||
9.3×1021 J | Annual net uptake of thermal energy by the global ocean during 2003-2018 [204] | ||
1022 | 1.5×1022J | Total energy from the Sun that strikes the face of the Earth each day [181] [205] | |
2.4×1022 J | Estimated energy contained in the world's coal reserves as of 2010 [196] [206] | ||
2.9×1022 J | Identified global uranium-238 resources using fast reactor technology [198] | ||
3.9×1022 J | Estimated energy contained in the world's fossil fuel reserves as of 2010 [196] [207] | ||
1023 | 2.2×1023 J | Total global uranium-238 resources using fast reactor technology [198] | |
3×1023 J | The energy released in the formation of the Chicxulub Crater in the Yucatán Peninsula [208] |
1024 | yotta- (YJ) | 5.5×1024 J | Total energy from the Sun that strikes the face of the Earth each year [181] [209] |
1025 | 6×1025 J | Upper limit of energy released by a solar flare [210] | |
1026 | >1026J | Estimated energy of early Archean asteroid impacts [211] | |
3.828×1026 J | Total radiative energy output of the Sun each second [212] | ||
1027 | ronna- (RJ) | 1×1027 J | Estimated energy released by the impact that created the Caloris basin on Mercury [213] |
~3×1027 J | Estimated energy required to evaporate all water on the surface of Earth | ||
4.2×1027 J | Kinetic energy of a regulation baseball thrown at the speed of the Oh-My-God particle, itself a cosmic ray proton with the kinetic energy of a baseball thrown at 60 mph (~50 J). [214] | ||
1028 | 3.8×1028 J | Kinetic energy of the Moon in its orbit around the Earth (counting only its velocity relative to the Earth) [215] [216] | |
1029 | 2.1×1029 J | Rotational energy of the Earth [217] [218] [219] | |
1030 | quetta- (QJ) | 1.8×1030 J | Gravitational binding energy of Mercury |
1031 | ~2×1031 J | The most energetic stellar superflare to date (S Fornacis) [220] | |
3.3×1031J | Total energy output of the Sun each day [212] [221] | ||
1032 | 1.71×1032 J | Gravitational binding energy of the Earth [222] | |
1033 | 2.7×1033 J | Earth's kinetic energy at perihelion in its orbit around the Sun [223] [224] | |
1034 | 1.2×1034 J | Total energy output of the Sun each year [212] [225] | |
1039 | 1-5×1039 J | Energy of the giant flare (starquake) released by SGR 1806-20 [226] [227] [228] | |
6.6×1039 J | Theoretical total mass–energy of the Moon | ||
1041 | 2.276×1041 J | Gravitational binding energy of the Sun [229] | |
5.4×1041 J | Theoretical total mass–energy of the Earth [230] [231] | ||
1043 | 5×1043 J | Total energy of all gamma rays in a typical gamma-ray burst [232] [233] | |
1044 | ~1044 J | Average value of a Tidal Disruption Event (TDE) in optical/UV bands [234] | |
~1044 J | Estimated kinetic energy released by FBOT CSS161010 [235] | ||
1 × 1044 J | Estimated energy released in a supernova, [236] sometimes referred to as a foe | ||
1.2×1044 J | Approximate lifetime energy output of the Sun. | ||
3×1044 J | Total corrected energy of a typical gamma-ray burst [237] | ||
1045 | (1.1±0.2)×1045 J | Energy released by hypernova ASASSN-15lh [238] | |
2.3×1045 J | Energy released by the very energetic supernova PS1-10adi, about twice the energy of ASASSN-15lh [239] [240] | ||
≳5 × 1045 J | Energy released by the most energetic supernova to date, SN 2016aps [241] [242] [243] [244] | ||
>1045 J | Estimated energy of a magnetorotational hypernova [245] | ||
few times×1045 J | Beaming-corrected 'True' total energy (Energy in gamma rays+relativistic kinetic energy) of hyper-energetic gamma-ray burst [246] [247] [248] [249] [250] | ||
1046 | >1046 J | Estimated energy released in a hypernova, [251] [252] in a pair-instability supernova [253] and in theoretical quark-novae [254] | |
1.5×1046 J | Estimated total energy of the most energetic optical non-quasar transient, AT2021lwx. [255] | ||
2–5×1046 J | Beaming-corrected 'True' total energy of the most powerful gamma-ray burst recorded, GRB 221009A. [256] [257] [258] | ||
1047 | 1045-47 J | Estimated energy of stellar mass rotational black holes by vacuum polarization in a electromagnetic field [259] [260] | |
>1047 J | Total energy of a very energetic and relativistic jetted Tidal Disruption Event (TDE) [261] | ||
~1047 J | Highest possible beaming-corrected 'True' total energy of a gamma-ray burst. [262] [263] | ||
1.8×1047 J | Theoretical total mass–energy of the Sun [264] [265] | ||
5.4×1047 J | Mass–energy emitted as gravitational waves during the merger of two black holes, originally about 30 Solar masses each, as observed by LIGO (GW150914) [266] | ||
8.6×1047 J | Mass–energy emitted as gravitational waves during the most energetic black hole merger observed until 2020 (GW170729) [267] | ||
8.8×1047 J | GRB 080916C – formerly the most powerful Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB) ever recorded – total 'apparent'/isotropic (not corrected for beaming) energy output estimated at 8.8 × 1047 joules (8.8 × 1054 erg), or 4.9 times the Sun's mass turned to energy. [268] [269] [270] | ||
1048 | ~1048 J | Estimated energy of a supermassive Population III star supernova, denominated "General Relativistic Instability Supernova." [271] [272] | |
~1.2×1048 J | Approximate energy released in the most energetic black hole merging to date (GW190521), which originated the first intermediate-mass black hole ever detected [273] [274] [275] [276] [277] | ||
1.2–3×1048 J | GRB 221009A – the most powerful Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB) ever recorded – total 'apparent'/isotropic (not corrected for beaming) energy output estimated at 1.2–3 × 1048 joules (1.2–3 × 1055 erg). [256] [278] | ||
1050 | ≳1050 J | Upper limit of 'apparent'/isotropic energy (Eiso) of Population III stars Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs). [279] | |
1053 | >1053 J | Mechanical energy of very energetic so-called "quasar tsunamis" [280] [281] | |
6×1053 J | Total mechanical energy or enthalpy in the powerful AGN outburst in the RBS 797 [282] | ||
1054 | 3×1054 J | Total mechanical energy or enthalpy in the powerful AGN outburst in the Hercules A (3C 348) [283] | |
1055 | >1055 J | Total mechanical energy or enthalpy in the powerful AGN outburst in the MS 0735.6+7421, [284] Ophiucus Supercluster Explosion [285] and supermassive black holes mergings [286] [287] | |
1057 | ~1057 J | Estimated rotational energy of M87 SMBH and total energy of the most luminous quasars over Gyr time-scales [288] [289] | |
~2×1057 J | Estimated thermal energy of the Bullet Cluster of galaxies [290] | ||
1058 | ~1058 J | Estimated total energy (in shockwaves, turbulence, gases heating up, gravitational force) of galaxy clusters mergings [291] | |
4×1058 J | Visible mass–energy in our galaxy, the Milky Way [292] [293] | ||
1059 | 1×1059 J | Total mass–energy of our galaxy, the Milky Way, including dark matter and dark energy [294] [295] | |
1062 | 1–2×1062 J | Total mass–energy of the Virgo Supercluster including dark matter, the Supercluster which contains the Milky Way [296] | |
1069 | 4×1069 J | Estimated total mass–energy of the observable universe [297] |
Submultiples | Multiples | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Value | SI symbol | Name | Value | SI symbol | Name |
10−1 J | dJ | decijoule | 101 J | daJ | decajoule |
10−2 J | cJ | centijoule | 102 J | hJ | hectojoule |
10−3 J | mJ | millijoule | 103 J | kJ | kilojoule |
10−6 J | μJ | microjoule | 106 J | MJ | megajoule |
10−9 J | nJ | nanojoule | 109 J | GJ | gigajoule |
10−12 J | pJ | picojoule | 1012 J | TJ | terajoule |
10−15 J | fJ | femtojoule | 1015 J | PJ | petajoule |
10−18 J | aJ | attojoule | 1018 J | EJ | exajoule |
10−21 J | zJ | zeptojoule | 1021 J | ZJ | zettajoule |
10−24 J | yJ | yoctojoule | 1024 J | YJ | yottajoule |
10−27 J | rJ | rontojoule | 1027 J | RJ | ronnajoule |
10−30 J | qJ | quectojoule | 1030 J | QJ | quettajoule |
The joule is named after James Prescott Joule . As with every SI unit named for a person, its symbol starts with an upper case letter (J), but when written in full, it follows the rules for capitalisation of a common noun ; i.e., joule becomes capitalised at the beginning of a sentence and in titles but is otherwise in lower case.
Visible wavelengths are roughly from 390 nm to 780 nm
Roughly 27 picograms
The [...] blood [...] flow[s] at an average speed of 3 to 4 mph
an upper limit ov m_v_u < 170 keV
The neutron comes out with high energy of 14.1 MeV
the LEP machine energy is about 50 GeV per beam
A circulating proton beam of 400 GeV energy was first achieved in the SPS on 17 June 1976
1.355818
A TeV is actually a very tiny amount of energy. A popular analogy is to a flying mosquito.
11.340 g
The energy storage capacitor for pocket cameras is typically 100 to 400 uF at 330 V (charged to 300 V) with a typical flash energy of 10 W-s.
41–50 cm (males) 31–40 cm (females)
70 kg
334 kJ/kg
For elite athletes, the velocity of a javelin release has been measured in excess of 30m/s
Most serious studio photographers start with about 2000 watts-seconds
2257 kJ/kg
The total release velocity is 30.7 m/sec
3000 to 12000 pounds
$28.90 per million BTU
6.27×107 Joules / Kg
It discharges about 1–10 billion joules of energy
magnetic energy of 1.1 Gigajoules
377 kWh/mt
The mechanical power of the human heart is ~1.3 watts
For refrigerators in 2001, the average UEC was 1,239 kWh
a yield of 11 tons of TNT
581 gallons of gasoline
a gallon of gas ... 125 million joules of energy
97530 litres
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)The thermal efficiency of a CANDU plant is only about 29%
fuel burnup in a CANDU is only 6500 to 7500 MWd per metric ton uranium
183,380 L
320,000 L
The International Space Station, for example, flies at 7.7 km/s in one of the lowest practicable orbits
21 kt
the explosion of the island volcano Krakatoa in 1883, had about 200 megatonnes energy.
the Earth takes 23.9345 hours to rotate
{{cite web}}
: Missing or empty |title=
(help){{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)With a power about 100 times that of the already astonishingly powerful "typical" supernova
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)A supernova is a powerful and luminous explosion of a star. A supernova occurs during the last evolutionary stages of a massive star, or when a white dwarf is triggered into runaway nuclear fusion. The original object, called the progenitor, either collapses to a neutron star or black hole, or is completely destroyed to form a diffuse nebula. The peak optical luminosity of a supernova can be comparable to that of an entire galaxy before fading over several weeks or months.
A white dwarf is a stellar core remnant composed mostly of electron-degenerate matter. A white dwarf is very dense: its mass is comparable to the Sun's, while its volume is comparable to Earth's. A white dwarf's low luminosity comes from the emission of residual thermal energy; no fusion takes place in a white dwarf. The nearest known white dwarf is Sirius B, at 8.6 light years, the smaller component of the Sirius binary star. There are currently thought to be eight white dwarfs among the hundred star systems nearest the Sun. The unusual faintness of white dwarfs was first recognized in 1910. The name white dwarf was coined by Willem Luyten in 1922.
To help compare different orders of magnitude, the following lists describe various mass levels between 10−67 kg and 1052 kg. The least massive thing listed here is a graviton, and the most massive thing is the observable universe. Typically, an object having greater mass will also have greater weight (see mass versus weight), especially if the objects are subject to the same gravitational field strength.
This page lists examples of the power in watts produced by various sources of energy. They are grouped by orders of magnitude from small to large.
The Galactic Center is the rotational center and the barycenter of the Milky Way. Its central massive object is a supermassive black hole of about 4 million solar masses, which is called Sagittarius A*, a compact radio source which is almost exactly at the galactic rotational center. The Galactic Center is approximately 8 kiloparsecs (26,000 ly) away from Earth in the direction of the constellations Sagittarius, Ophiuchus, and Scorpius, where the Milky Way appears brightest, visually close to the Butterfly Cluster (M6) or the star Shaula, south to the Pipe Nebula.
A rogueplanet, also termed a free-floating planet (FFP) or an isolated planetary-mass object (iPMO), is an interstellar object of planetary mass which is not gravitationally bound to any star or brown dwarf.
The hydrogen line, 21 centimeter line, or H I line is a spectral line that is created by a change in the energy state of solitary, electrically neutral hydrogen atoms. It is produced by a spin-flip transition, which means the direction of the electron's spin is reversed relative to the spin of the proton. This is a quantum state change between the two hyperfine levels of the hydrogen 1 s ground state. The electromagnetic radiation producing this line has a frequency of 1420.405751768(2) MHz (1.42 GHz), which is equivalent to a wavelength of 21.106114054160(30) cm in a vacuum. According to the Planck–Einstein relation E = hν, the photon emitted by this transition has an energy of 5.8743261841116(81) μeV [9.411708152678(13)×10−25 J]. The constant of proportionality, h, is known as the Planck constant.
Groombridge 1618 is a star in the northern constellation Ursa Major. With an apparent visual magnitude of +6.6, it lies at or below the threshold of stars visible to the naked eye for an average observer. It is relatively close to Earth, at 15.89 light-years (4.87 pc). This is a main sequence star of spectral type K7.5 Ve, having just 67% of the Sun's mass.
The Lambda-CDM, Lambda cold dark matter, or ΛCDM model is a mathematical model of the Big Bang theory with three major components:
Alpha Ophiuchi, also named Rasalhague, is a binary star and the brightest star in the constellation of Ophiuchus.
TNT equivalent is a convention for expressing energy, typically used to describe the energy released in an explosion. The ton of TNT is a unit of energy defined by convention to be 4.184 gigajoules, which is the approximate energy released in the detonation of a metric ton of TNT. In other words, for each gram of TNT exploded, 4.184 kilojoules of energy are released.
Swift J164449.3+573451, initially referred to as GRB 110328A, and sometimes abbreviated to Sw J1644+57, was a tidal disruption event (TDE), the destruction of a star by a supermassive black hole. It was first detected by the Swift Gamma-Ray Burst Mission on March 28, 2011. The event occurred in the center of a small galaxy in the Draco constellation, about 3.8 billion light-years away. It was the first confirmed jetted tidal disruption event and is the most luminous and energetic TDE recorded.
Argonium (also called the argon hydride cation, the hydridoargon(1+) ion, or protonated argon; chemical formula ArH+) is a cation combining a proton and an argon atom. It can be made in an electric discharge, and was the first noble gas molecular ion to be found in interstellar space.
HD 194012 is a star in the equatorial constellation Delphinus. It has an apparent magnitude of 6.15, making it visible to the naked eye under ideal conditions. The star is relatively close at a distance of only 85 light years but is receding with a heliocentric radial velocity of 4.5 km/s.