Sodium aurothiosulfate

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Sodium aurothiosulfate
SodiumAurothiosulfate.svg
Clinical data
Routes of
administration 		Intramuscular injection
ATC code
Identifiers
  • Sodium bis(thiosulphate) aurate(I), dihydrate
CAS Number
PubChem CID
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
Chemical and physical data
Formula AuNa3O6S4
Molar mass 490.17 g·mol−1
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Sodium aurothiosulfate, or sanocrysin, is the inorganic compound with the formula Na3[Au(S2O3)2]·2H2O. It is the trisodium salt of the coordination complex of gold(I), [Au(S2O3)2]3−. The dihydrate, which is colorless, crystallizes with two waters of crystallization. The compound has some medicinal properties as well as potential for hydrometallurgy.

Contents

Structure

X-ray crystallographic structure of Na3[Au(S2O3)2]*2H2O. Color code: red = O, orange = Au, yellow = S, violet = Na. Hydrogen atoms are omitted. Sodium-gold(I)-thiosulfate-dihydrate-unit-cell-3D-balls.png
X-ray crystallographic structure of Na3[Au(S2O3)2]·2H2O. Color code: red = O, orange = Au, yellow = S, violet = Na. Hydrogen atoms are omitted.

The anionic complex features a linear AuS2 core and is overall centrosymmetric. Like most other thiosulfate complexes, only the planetary sulfur of thiosulfate is coordinated to the metal. [1] [2] [3]

History

The salt is typically prepared by reduction of gold(III) chloride with thiosulfate: [3]

4 Na2S2O3 + AuCl3 → Na3[Au(S2O3)2] + Na2S4O6 + 3 NaCl

The compound was first synthesized in 1845 by Mathurin-Joseph Fordos and A. Gélis who were researching chemicals used in the Daguerrotype photographic process. It then came to be called Fordos and Gélis salt. [4] [5] It went out of interest until 1924 when it was noted as a chemotherapeutic agent for tuberculosis by Holger Møllgaard in Copenhagen. [6] Other methods of synthesis were then identified. [7]

Potential applications

Like several other gold compounds, this species is used as an antirheumatic. [8] The first placebo-controlled trial was probably conducted in 1931, when sanocrysin was compared with distilled water for the treatment of tuberculosis. [9]

Aurothiosulfate complexes have also been discussed in the context of the extraction of gold from its ores. The general approach would employ sodium or ammonium thiosulfate in place of cyanide salts as lixiviants. [10] [11]

Related Research Articles

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In chemistry, water(s) of crystallization or water(s) of hydration are water molecules that are present inside crystals. Water is often incorporated in the formation of crystals from aqueous solutions. In some contexts, water of crystallization is the total mass of water in a substance at a given temperature and is mostly present in a definite (stoichiometric) ratio. Classically, "water of crystallization" refers to water that is found in the crystalline framework of a metal complex or a salt, which is not directly bonded to the metal cation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sodium thiosulfate</span> Chemical compound

Sodium thiosulfate is an inorganic compound with the formula Na2S2O3·(H2O)(x) .Typically it is available as the white or colorless pentahydrate, It is a white solid that dissolves well in water. The compound is a reducing agent and a ligand, and these properties underpin its applications.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Manganese(II) chloride</span> Chemical compound

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sodium bromide</span> Inorganic salt: NaBr

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Copper(II) chloride</span> Chemical compound

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nickel(II) chloride</span> Chemical compound

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sodium dithionate</span> Chemical compound

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sodium molybdate</span> Chemical compound

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vanadium(III) chloride</span> Chemical compound

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Monosodium phosphate</span> Chemical compound

Monosodium phosphate (MSP), also known as monobasic sodium phosphate and sodium dihydrogen phosphate, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula NaH2PO4. It is a sodium salt of phosphoric acid. It consists of sodium cations (Na+) and dihydrogen phosphate anions (H2PO−4). One of many sodium phosphates, it is a common industrial chemical. The salt exists in an anhydrous form, as well as monohydrate and dihydrate (NaH2PO4·H2O and NaH2PO4·2H2O respectively).

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Chloroauric acid is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula H[AuCl4]. It forms hydrates H[AuCl4]·nH2O. Both the trihydrate and tetrahydrate are known. Both are orange-yellow solids consisting of the planar [AuCl4]− anion. Often chloroauric acid is handled as a solution, such as those obtained by dissolution of gold in aqua regia. These solutions can be converted to other gold complexes or reduced to metallic gold or gold nanoparticles.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sodium metaborate</span> Chemical compound

Sodium metaborate is a chemical compound of sodium, boron, and oxygen with formula NaBO2. However, the metaborate ion is trimeric in the anhydrous solid, therefore a more correct formula is Na3B3O6 or (Na+)3[B3O6]3−. The formula can be written also as Na2O·B2O3 to highlight the relation to the main oxides of sodium and boron. The name is also applied to several hydrates whose formulas can be written NaBO2·nH2O for various values of n.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Croconic acid</span> Chemical compound

Croconic acid is a chemical compound with formula C5H2O5 or (C=O)3(COH)2. It has a cyclopentene backbone with two hydroxyl groups adjacent to the double bond and three ketone groups on the remaining carbon atoms. It is sensitive to light, soluble in water and ethanol and forms yellow crystals that decompose at 212 °C.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ammonium thiosulfate</span> Chemical compound

Ammonium thiosulfate is an inorganic compound with the formula [NH4]2S2O3. It is white crystalline solid with ammonia odor, readily soluble in water, slightly soluble in acetone and insoluble in ethanol and diethyl ether.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cerium nitrates</span> Chemical compound

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nickel oxyacid salts</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Potassium thiosulfate</span> Chemical compound

Potassium thiosulfate, commonly abbreviated KTS, is an inorganic compound with the formula K2S2O3. This salt can form multiple hydrates, such as the monohydrate, dihydrate, and the pentahydrate, all of which are white or colorless solids. It is used as a fertilizer.

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A transition metal thiosulfate complex is a coordination complex containing one or more thiosulfate ligands. Thiosulfate occurs in nature and is used industrially, so its interactions with metal ions are of some practical interest. Three binding modes are common: monodentate (κ1-), O,S-bidentate (κ2-),and bridging (μ-). Typically, thiosulfate complexes are prepared from thiosulfate salts. In some cases, they arise by oxidation of polysulfido complexes, or by binding of sulfur trioxide to sulfido ligands.

References

  1. ↑ Baggio RF, Baggio S (1973). "Crystal and molecular structure of trisodium dithiosulphate aurate(I), dihydrate, Na3[Au(S2O3)2],2H2O". Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry. 35 (9): 3191–3200. doi:10.1016/0022-1902(73)80019-3.
  2. ↑ Tobön-Zapata G, Etcheverry SB, Baran EJ (1997). "Vibrational spectrum of Sanocrysin". Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy. 53 (2): 183–188. Bibcode:1997AcSpA..53..183T. doi:10.1016/S1386-1425(97)83024-7.
  3. 1 2 Ruben H, Zalkin A, Faltens MO, Templeton DH (1974). "Crystal structure of sodium gold(I) thiosulfate dihydrate, Na3Au(S2O3)2.2H2O". Inorganic Chemistry. 13 (8): 1836–1839. doi:10.1021/ic50138a011.
  4. ↑ Fordos MJ, Gélis A (1843). "Recherches sur la liqueur d'or employée en photographie". C.-R. Acad. Sc. (Paris). 17: 629–630.
  5. ↑ Fordos MJ, Gélis A (1845). "Action du perchlorure d'or sur l'hyposulfite de soude". Ann. Chim. Phys. 3. 13: 394–404.
  6. ↑ "Current Topics and Events". Nature. 115 (2886): 272–277. 1925. Bibcode:1925Natur.115S.272.. doi: 10.1038/115272c0 . ISSN   0028-0836.
  7. ↑ McCluskey KL, Eichelberger L (1926). "New methods for the preparation of sodium aurothiosulfate". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 48 (1): 136–139. doi:10.1021/ja01412a018. ISSN   0002-7863. S2CID   101829332.
  8. ↑ Shaw III CF (September 1999). "Gold-based therapeutic agents". Chemical Reviews. 99 (9): 2589–2600. doi:10.1021/cr980431o. PMID   11749494.
  9. ↑ Emanuel EJ, Crouch RA, Arras JD, Moreno JD, Grady C, eds. (2003). Ethical and regulatory aspects of clinical research: readings and commentary. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 140. ISBN   978-0801878138.
  10. ↑ Aylmore MG, Muir DM (2001). "Thiosulfate Leaching of Gold - a Review". Minerals Engineering. 14 (2): 135–174. doi:10.1016/s0892-6875(00)00172-2.
  11. ↑ Barbera JJ, Metzger A, Wolf M. "Sulfites, Thiosulfates, and Dithionites". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry . Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a25_477. ISBN   978-3527306732.
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