| Tillamook | |
|---|---|
| Hutyáyu, Hutyéyu | |
| Native to | United States |
| Region | Northwestern Oregon |
| Ethnicity | Tillamook, Siletz |
| Extinct | 1972, with the death of Minnie Scovell [1] |
Salishan
| |
| Dialects |
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | til |
| Glottolog | till1254 |
Tillamook is an extinct Salishan language, formerly spoken by the Tillamook people in northwestern Oregon, United States. The last fluent speaker was Minnie Scovell who died in 1972. [1] In an effort to prevent the language from being lost, a group of researchers from the University of Hawaii interviewed the few remaining Tillamook-speakers and created a 120-page dictionary. [2]
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| High | i | ə |
| Low | æ | ɑ |
| Alveolar | Post- alveolar | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| central | sibilant | lateral | unrounded | rounded | unrounded | rounded | ||||
| Stop | plain | t | t͡s | t͡ʃ | k | kᵓ | q | qᵓ | ʔ | |
| ejective | tʼ | t͡sʼ | t͡ɬʼ | t͡ʃʼ | kʼ | kᵓʼ | qʼ | qᵓʼ | ||
| Fricative | s | ɬ | ʃ | x | xᵓ | χ | χᵓ | h | ||
| Sonorant | n | l | j | ɰᵓ | ||||||
The so-called "rounded" consonants (traditionally marked with the diacritic ⟨ʷ⟩, but here indicated with ⟨ᵓ⟩), including rounded vowels and ⟨w⟩ (/ɰᵓ/), are not actually labialized. The acoustic effect of labialization is created entirely inside the mouth by cupping the tongue (sulcalization). Uvulars with this distinctive internal rounding have "a kind of ɔ timbre" while "rounded" front velars have ɯ coloring. These contrast and oppose otherwise very similar segments having ɛ or ɪ coloring—the "unrounded" consonants.
/w/ is also formed with this internal rounding instead of true labialization, making it akin to [ɰ]. So are vowel sounds formerly written as /o/ or /u/, which are best characterized as the diphthong /əɰ/ with increasing internal rounding. [3]
Italics indicate extinct languages | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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Approximants are speech sounds that involve the articulators approaching each other but not narrowly enough nor with enough articulatory precision to create turbulent airflow. Therefore, approximants fall between fricatives, which do produce a turbulent airstream, and vowels, which produce no turbulence. This class is composed of sounds like and semivowels like and, as well as lateral approximants like.
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