The Villa of Diomedes [1] is an ancient Roman villa near Pompeii, Italy. [2]
It is located outside the walls of Pompeii on the Via dei Sepolcri to the Gate of Herculaneum.
It was excavated from 1771 to 1774 by Francesco La Vega.
It was named after Marcus Arrius Diomedes, whose grave is opposite the entrance to the villa, though it is not clear that it was in fact his villa.
Architecture and Site
The villa sits just outside the city walls on the north side of Pompeii. It is around 3500 square meters. The garden side of the building faces what would have been the ancient coast line to the East. The west side of the villa borders the road leading to the Herculaneum Gate.
The villa is on two levels. In the first level, just inside the entrance, there is a peristyle. Which shows the wealth of Diomedes as it was very custom for wealthy families to have these. Around the Peristyle are bathrooms, a kitchen wing, and various living spaces. Also in the main level there is the tablinum where records are held. Between the garden and the tablinum is a terrace where you can overlook the gardens. A staircase in the south-east corner of the peristyle leads down to the garden which remain un excavated. On each side of the terrace are sets of stairs that lead to the lower level of the villa. The lower section of the villa is mainly a large outdoor space. Here there is a large peristyle with seventeen columns on each side. In the middle of this great garden is a summer triclinium with a pool of water in front of it. The villa was decorated with plain wall paintings of the Fourth Style, which are poorly preserved. In the lower level of the villa there are some below grade storage area where traces of amphorae.
Remains
A total of 36 bodies were found in the villa. One skeleton had a cloth containing coins worth 1356 sesterces (ten gold medals, 88 silver medals and nine bronze), one of the richest finds of money in the city. This man had a key and was wearing a gold ring. In the basement were eighteen other skeletons of women, servants and children, who were likely suffocated there by invading gases. Théophile Gautier's Arria Marcella (1852) and Ferdinand Gregorovius' poem "Euphorion" were set here. The Maison pompéienne in Paris was inspired by it.
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The House of the Small Fountain, aka House of the Second Fountain or House of the Landscapes, is located in the Roman city of Pompeii and, with the rest of Pompeii, was preserved by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in or after October 79 CE. It is located on the Via di Mercurio, a street running north from the Arch of Caligula, at its crossroads with Via delle Terme, and Via della Fortuna, to Pompeii's fortification tower XI in the northwest part of the city. The street is named after a public fountain at VI.8.24 with a relief of the god, Mercury. Insula 8 is on the west side of the street. The house is named after a mosaic fountain adorned with shells at the rear of its peristyle. The property is immediately adjacent to the House of the Large Fountain, a structure with an even larger mosaic fountain adorned with shells and marble sculptures of theatrical masks excavated earlier in 1826. So the size difference between the fountains was used to distinguish the two structures.
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