List of MeSH codes (D13)

Nucleotides are organic molecules composed of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar and a phosphate. They serve as monomeric units of the nucleic acid polymers – deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), both of which are essential biomolecules within all life-forms on Earth. Nucleotides are obtained in the diet and are also synthesized from common nutrients by the liver.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Uridine</span> One of the five major nucleosides in nucleic acids

Uridine (symbol U or Urd) is a glycosylated pyrimidine analog containing uracil attached to a ribose ring (or more specifically, a ribofuranose) via a β-N₁-glycosidic bond. The analog is one of the five standard nucleosides which make up nucleic acids, the others being adenosine, thymidine, cytidine and guanosine. The five nucleosides are commonly abbreviated to their symbols, U, A, dT, C, and G, respectively. However, thymidine is more commonly written as 'dT' ('d' represents 'deoxy') as it contains a 2'-deoxyribofuranose moiety rather than the ribofuranose ring found in uridine. This is because thymidine is found in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and usually not in ribonucleic acid (RNA). Conversely, uridine is found in RNA and not DNA. The remaining three nucleosides may be found in both RNA and DNA. In RNA, they would be represented as A, C and G whereas in DNA they would be represented as dA, dC and dG.

In biochemistry, a ribonucleotide is a nucleotide containing ribose as its pentose component. It is considered a molecular precursor of nucleic acids. Nucleotides are the basic building blocks of DNA and RNA. Ribonucleotides themselves are basic monomeric building blocks for RNA. Deoxyribonucleotides, formed by reducing ribonucleotides with the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), are essential building blocks for DNA. There are several differences between DNA deoxyribonucleotides and RNA ribonucleotides. Successive nucleotides are linked together via phosphodiester bonds.

Nucleic acid metabolism is a collective term that refers to the variety of chemical reactions by which nucleic acids are either synthesized or degraded. Nucleic acids are polymers made up of a variety of monomers called nucleotides. Nucleotide synthesis is an anabolic mechanism generally involving the chemical reaction of phosphate, pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base. Degradation of nucleic acids is a catabolic reaction and the resulting parts of the nucleotides or nucleobases can be salvaged to recreate new nucleotides. Both synthesis and degradation reactions require multiple enzymes to facilitate the event. Defects or deficiencies in these enzymes can lead to a variety of diseases.

Geranylgeranyl diphosphate reductase (EC 1.3.1.83, geranylgeranyl reductase, CHL P) is an enzyme with systematic name geranylgeranyl-diphosphate:NADP⁺ oxidoreductase. This enzyme catalises the following chemical reaction

23S rRNA (uridine²⁴⁷⁹-2'-O)-methyltransferase is an enzyme with systematic name S-adenosyl-L-methionine:23S rRNA (uridine²⁴⁷⁹-2'-O)-methyltransferase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

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List of MeSH codes (D13)

Contents

MeSH D13 – nucleic acids, nucleotides, and nucleosides

MeSH D13.150 – antisense elements (genetics)

MeSH D13.150.200 – DNA, antisense

MeSH D13.150.480 – oligonucleotides, antisense

MeSH D13.150.650 – rna, antisense

MeSH D13.400 – nucleic acid precursors

MeSH D13.400.730 – rna precursors

MeSH D13.444 – nucleic acids

MeSH D13.444.308 – DNA

MeSH D13.444.500 – nucleic acid heteroduplexes

MeSH D13.444.600 – nucleic acid probes

MeSH D13.444.625 – peptide nucleic acids

MeSH D13.444.735 – rna

MeSH D13.570 – nucleosides

MeSH D13.570.065 – arabinonucleosides

MeSH D13.570.230 – deoxyribonucleosides

MeSH D13.570.583 – purine nucleosides

MeSH D13.570.685 – pyrimidine nucleosides

MeSH D13.570.800 – ribonucleosides

MeSH D13.570.900 – thionucleosides

MeSH D13.695 – nucleotides

MeSH D13.695.065 – arabinonucleotides

MeSH D13.695.201 – deoxyribonucleotides

MeSH D13.695.250 – dinucleoside phosphates

MeSH D13.695.462 – nucleotides, cyclic

MeSH D13.695.578 – polynucleotides

MeSH D13.695.667 – purine nucleotides

MeSH D13.695.740 – pyrimidine nucleotides

MeSH D13.695.827 – ribonucleotides

MeSH D13.695.900 – thionucleotides

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