Provinces of Indonesia Provinsi di Indonesia | |
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Category | First-level administrative division of a decentralized unitary state |
Location | Republic of Indonesia |
Created |
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Number | 38 |
Populations | South Papua (522,215) – West Java (49,405,800) |
Areas | Jakarta 661 km2 (255 sq mi) – Central Kalimantan 153,444 km2 (59,245 sq mi) |
Government | |
Subdivisions |
This article is part of a series on |
Subdivisions of Indonesia |
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Level 1 |
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Level 2 |
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Level 3 |
(kecamatan, distrik, kapanewon, or kemantren) |
Level 4 |
(desa or kelurahan) |
Others |
Provinces are the first-level administrative divisions of Indonesia. It is formerly called the first-level provincial region (provinsi daerah tingkat I) before the Reform era. Provinces have a local government, consisting of a governor (Gubernur) and a regional legislative body (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Provinsi). The governor and members of local representative bodies are elected by popular vote for five-year terms, but governors can only serve for two terms. Provincial governments have the authority to regulate and manage their own government affairs, subject to the limits of the central government. The average land area of all 38 provinces in Indonesia is about 50,120.23 km2 (19,351.53 sq mi), and an average population of about 7,345,233 people.
Currently, Indonesia is divided into 38 provinces, nine of which have special autonomous status. The terminology for special status are "Istimewa" and "Khusus", which translates to 'special' or 'designated' in English. Provinces are further divided into regencies and cities (formerly called second-level region regencies and cities or kabupaten/kotamadya daerah tingkat II), which are in turn subdivided into districts (kecamatan).
Article 18 paragraph 1 of the 1945 Constitution states that "the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia is divided into provincial regions and those provincial regions are divided into regencies and city, whereby every one of those provinces, regencies, and municipalities has its regional government, which shall be regulated by laws."
According to the Law on Regional Government (UU 23/2014) the authority of the Provincial Government includes:
The authority of the provincial government are government affairs which are located across regencies/municipalities, government affairs whose users are across regencies/municipalities, government affairs whose benefits or negative impacts lie across regencies/municipalities, government affairs which use more resources. efficient if carried out by the province.
Each province has a local government, headed by a governor and a legislative body (DPRD). The governor and members of local representative bodies are elected by popular vote for five-year terms, but governors can only serve for two terms. The general election to elect members of the DPRDs is conducted simultaneously with the national general election. Previously, the general elections for Governor and Vice Governor were not held simultaneously. However, since 2015 regional head elections have been held simultaneously. Under the plan, simultaneous partial local elections will be held in February 2017, June 2018, December 2020, culminating in simultaneous elections for all local executive posts on November 2024 and then every five years.
Emblem | Name [1] [2] | Reg. code | ISO [3] | Capital | Largest city | Population (mid 2022) [4] | Area km2 | Density /km2 (2022) [5] | Geographical unit | No. of Cities | No. of Reg. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aceh | 11 | ID-AC | 5,407,900 | 56,835 | 95 | Sumatra | 5 | 18 | |||
Bali | 51 | ID-BA | 4,415,100 | 5,590 | 790 | Lesser Sunda Islands | 1 | 8 | |||
Bangka Belitung Islands Kepulauan Bangka Belitung | 19 | ID-BB | 1,494,600 | 16,690 | 90 | Sumatra | 1 | 6 | |||
Banten | 36 | ID-BT | 12,252,000 | 9,353 | 1,310 | Java | 4 | 4 | |||
Bengkulu | 17 | ID-BE | 2,060,100 | 20,128 | 102 | Sumatra | 1 | 9 | |||
Central Java Jawa Tengah | 33 | ID-JT | 37,032,400 | 34,337 | 1,078 | Java | 6 | 29 | |||
Central Kalimantan Kalimantan Tengah | 62 | ID-KT | 2,741,100 | 153,444 | 18 | Kalimantan | 1 | 13 | |||
Central Papua Papua Tengah | 94 | ID-PT | 1,431,000 | 61,073 | 23 | Western New Guinea | 0 | 8 | |||
Central Sulawesi Sulawesi Tengah | 72 | ID-ST | 3,066,100 | 61,606 | 50 | Sulawesi | 1 | 12 | |||
East Java Jawa Timur | 35 | ID-JI | 41,150,000 | 48,037 | 857 | Java | 9 | 29 | |||
East Kalimantan [6] Kalimantan Timur | 64 | ID-KI | 3,859,800 | 126,981 | 30 | Kalimantan | 3 | 7 | |||
East Nusa Tenggara Nusa Tenggara Timur | 53 | ID-NT | 5,466,300 | 46,447 | 118 | Lesser Sunda Islands | 1 | 21 | |||
Gorontalo | 75 | ID-GO | 1,192,700 | 12,025 | 99 | Sulawesi | 1 | 5 | |||
Highland Papua Papua Pegunungan | 95 | ID-PE | 1,430,500 | 51,213 | 28 | Western New Guinea | 0 | 8 | |||
Special Capital Region of Jakarta Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta | 31 | ID-JK | 10,680,000 | 661 | 16,158 | Java | 5 | 1 | |||
Jambi | 15 | ID-JA | 3,631,100 | 49,027 | 74 | Sumatra | 2 | 9 | |||
Lampung | 18 | ID-LA | 9,176,600 | 33,570 | 273 | Sumatra | 2 | 13 | |||
Maluku | 81 | ID-MA | 1,881,700 | 46,158 | 41 | Maluku Islands | 2 | 9 | |||
North Kalimantan Kalimantan Utara | 65 | ID-KU | 727,800 | 70,101 | 10 | Kalimantan | 1 | 4 | |||
North Maluku Maluku Utara | 82 | ID-MU | 1,319,300 | 32,999 | 40 | Maluku Islands | 2 | 8 | |||
North Sulawesi Sulawesi Utara | 71 | ID-SA | 2,659,500 | 14,500 | 183 | Sulawesi | 4 | 11 | |||
North Sumatra Sumatera Utara | 12 | ID-SU | 15,115,200 | 72,461 | 209 | Sumatra | 8 | 25 | |||
Papua | 91 | ID-PA | 1,035,000 | 82,681 | 13 | Western New Guinea | 1 | 8 | |||
Riau | 14 | ID-RI | 6,614,400 | 89,936 | 74 | Sumatra | 2 | 10 | |||
Riau Islands Kepulauan Riau | 21 | ID-KR | 2,179,800 | 8,270 | 264 | Sumatra | 2 | 5 | |||
Southeast Sulawesi Sulawesi Tenggara | 74 | ID-SG | 2,701,700 | 36,160 | 75 | Sulawesi | 2 | 15 | |||
South Kalimantan Kalimantan Selatan | 63 | ID-KS | 4,182,100 | 37,135 | 113 | Kalimantan | 2 | 11 | |||
South Papua Papua Selatan | 93 | ID-PS | 522,200 | 117,849 | 4.4 | Western New Guinea | 0 | 4 | |||
South Sulawesi Sulawesi Selatan | 73 | ID-SN | 9,225,800 | 45,331 | 204 | Sulawesi | 3 | 21 | |||
South Sumatra Sumatera Selatan | 16 | ID-SS | 8,657,000 | 91,592 | 100 | Sumatra | 4 | 13 | |||
Southwest Papua Papua Barat Daya | 96 | ID-PD | 621,904 | 39,123 | 16 | Western New Guinea | 1 | 5 | |||
West Java Jawa Barat | 32 | ID-JB | 49,405,800 | 37,045 | 1,334 | Java | 9 | 18 | |||
West Kalimantan Kalimantan Barat | 61 | ID-KB | 5,541,400 | 147,037 | 38 | Kalimantan | 2 | 12 | |||
West Nusa Tenggara Nusa Tenggara Barat | 52 | ID-NB | 5,473,700 | 19,676 | 278 | Lesser Sunda Islands | 2 | 8 | |||
West Papua Papua Barat | 92 | ID-PB [7] | 561,403 | 60,275 | 9 | Western New Guinea | 0 | 7 | |||
West Sulawesi Sulawesi Barat | 76 | ID-SR | 1,458,600 | 16,595 | 88 | Sulawesi | 0 | 6 | |||
West Sumatra Sumatera Barat | 13 | ID-SB | 5,640,600 | 42,120 | 134 | Sumatra | 7 | 12 | |||
Special Region of Yogyakarta Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta | 34 | ID-YO | 3,761,900 | 3,171 | 1,186 | Java | 1 | 4 |
The decentralization of some power and autonomy to provinces is called for by Article 18 of the Constitution of Indonesia, and this article was expanded through amendments in October 1999 in the period following the fall of Suharto. [8] : 35–37 Some provinces have been granted additional autonomy beyond this. The form this special autonomy takes is not standardized, with provinces gaining different formulations of specific autonomy based on particular political imperatives. [8] : 38–39
The provinces are officially grouped into seven geographical units for statistical and national planning purposes, but without administrative function. [14]
Upon the independence of Indonesia, eight provinces were established. West Java, Central Java, East Java, and Maluku still exist as of today despite later divisions, while Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Nusa Tenggara, formerly Lesser Sunda (Sunda Kecil) were fully liquidated by dividing them into new provinces. The province of Central Sumatra existed from 1948 to 1957, while East Timor was annexed as a province from 1976 until its power transfer to UNTAET in 1999 prior to its independence as a country in 2002.
Province | Capital | Period | Successor(s) |
---|---|---|---|
Special Region of Surakarta (Daerah Istimewa Surakarta) [16] | Surakarta | 1945–1946 | Central Java |
Sumatra [17] | Bukittinggi / Medan | 1945–1948 | Central Sumatra North Sumatra South Sumatra |
Kalimantan [18] | Banjarmasin | 1945–1956 | East Kalimantan South Kalimantan West Kalimantan |
Nusa Tenggara [19] | Singaraja | 1945–1958 | Bali East Nusa Tenggara West Nusa Tenggara |
Sulawesi [20] | Makassar / Manado | 1945–1960 | North-Central Sulawesi South-Southeast Sulawesi |
Central Sumatra (Sumatera Tengah) [17] [21] | Bukittinggi | 1948–1957 | Jambi Riau West Sumatra |
North-Central Sulawesi (Sulawesi Utara-Tengah) [22] | Manado | 1960–1964 | North Sulawesi Central Sulawesi |
South-Southeast Sulawesi (Sulawesi Selatan-Tenggara) [22] | Makassar | 1960–1964 | South Sulawesi Southeast Sulawesi |
East Timor (Timor Timur) [23] | Dili | 1976–1999 | Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste |
New province (current name) | Year | New province (then name) | Province of origin |
---|---|---|---|
Special Region of Yogyakarta | 1950 | Yogyakarta | Central Java |
Aceh | 1956 | Aceh | North Sumatra |
Central Kalimantan | 1958 | Central Kalimantan | South Kalimantan |
Jakarta Special Capital Region | 1959 | Greater Jakarta | West Java |
Lampung | 1964 | Lampung | South Sumatra |
Bengkulu | 1967 | Bengkulu | South Sumatra |
North Maluku | 1999 | North Maluku | Maluku |
Banten | 2000 | Banten | West Java |
Bangka Belitung Islands | 2000 | Bangka Belitung Islands | South Sumatra |
Gorontalo | 2000 | Gorontalo | North Sulawesi |
Riau Islands | 2002 | Riau Islands | Riau |
West Papua | 2003 | West Irian Jaya | Irian Jaya |
West Sulawesi | 2004 | West Sulawesi | South Sulawesi |
North Kalimantan | 2012 | North Kalimantan | East Kalimantan |
Central Papua | 2022 | Central Papua | Papua |
Highland Papua | 2022 | Highland Papua | Papua |
South Papua | 2022 | South Papua | Papua |
Southwest Papua | 2022 | Southwest Papua | West Papua |
Year | Old name (Indonesian) | Old name (English) | New name (Indonesian) | New name (English) | Current name |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1954 | Sunda Kecil | Lesser Sunda | Nusa Tenggara | Nusa Tenggara | non-existent |
1959 | Aceh | Aceh | Daerah Istimewa Aceh | Aceh Special Region | Aceh |
1961 | Jakarta Raya | Greater Jakarta | Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta Raya | Greater Jakarta Special Capital Region | Jakarta Special Capital Region |
1973 | Irian Barat | West Irian | Irian Jaya | Irian Jaya | Papua |
1990 | Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta Raya | Greater Jakarta Special Capital Region | Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta | Jakarta Special Capital Region | Special Region of Jakarta |
2001 | Daerah Istimewa Aceh | Aceh Special Region | Nanggroë Aceh Darussalam | State of Aceh, the Abode of Peace | Aceh |
2002 | Irian Jaya | Irian Jaya | Papua | Papua | Papua |
2007 | Irian Jaya Barat | West Irian Jaya | Papua Barat | West Papua | West Papua |
2009 | Nanggroë Aceh Darussalam | State of Aceh, the Abode of Peace | Aceh | Aceh | Aceh |
Maluku is a province of Indonesia. It comprises the central and southern regions of the Maluku Islands. The largest city and capital of Maluku province is Ambon on the small Ambon Island. It is directly adjacent to North Maluku, Southwest Papua, and West Papua in the north, Central Sulawesi, and Southeast Sulawesi in the west, Banda Sea, Australia, East Timor and East Nusa Tenggara in the south and Arafura Sea, Central Papua and South Papua in the east. The land area is 57803.81 km2, and the total population of this province at the 2010 census was 1,533,506 people, rising to 1,848,923 at the 2020 census, the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 1,908,753. Maluku is located in Eastern Indonesia.
A regency, sometimes incorrectly referred to as a district, is an administrative division of Indonesia, directly under a province and on the same level with city (kota). Regencies are divided into districts. The average area of Indonesian regencies is about 4,578.29 km2 (1,767.69 sq mi), with an average population of 670,958 people.
Indonesia is divided into provinces. Provinces are made up of regencies and cities (kota). Provinces, regencies, and cities have their own local governments and parliamentary bodies.
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This is a list of some of the regions of Indonesia. Many regions are defined in law or regulations by the central government. At different times of Indonesia's history, the nation has been designated as having regions that do not necessarily correlate to the current administrative or physical geography of the territory of the nation.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Indonesia:
Ambelau or Ambalau is a volcanic island in the Banda Sea within Maluku Islands of Indonesia. The island forms an administrative district which is part of the South Buru Regency of Maluku province, Indonesia. It has a land area of 306 km2, and had a population of 6,846 at the 2010 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 9,225. The administrative center is Wailua, a settlement located at the south of the island. About half of the island's population is composed of indigenous Ambelau people who speak the Ambelau language; the other half are mostly immigrants from the nearby Maluku Islands and Java.
The Attorney General's Office of the Republic of Indonesia is the competent authority to advise the Government of Indonesia on matters of law. It serves as the central organization for the Indonesian Public Prosecution Service. The Attorney General's Office is seated in the national capital Jakarta.
In Indonesia, district is the third-level administrative subdivision, below regency or city. The local term kecamatan is used in the majority of Indonesian areas. The term distrik is used in provinces in Papua. In the Special Region of Yogyakarta, the term kapanewon is used for districts within the regencies, while the term kemantren is used for districts within Yogyakarta, the province's only city. According to Statistics Indonesia, there are a total of 7,252 districts in Indonesia as at 2019, subdivided into 83,820 administrative villages. An average number of districts in the provinces of Indonesia is 190 districts, with an average area of 262.62 km2 (101.40 sq mi), and an average population of about 38,488 people.
In Indonesia, a regional regulation is a regulation that is passed by Indonesian local governments and carry the force of law in that region. There are two levels of regional regulations. Provinces pass provincial regulation, while the second tier subdivisions of Indonesia, known as regencies and cities pass regency regulation and city regulation, respectively. Each type of regional regulation is passed by the region's parliamentary body together with their chief executive.
This is a list of emblems or coat of arms used in Indonesia. Indonesia is divided into 38 provinces, and each province is divided into regencies (kabupaten) and cities (kota). There are 416 regencies and 98 cities. Each province, regency, and city has its own emblem.
In Indonesian law, the term "city" is generally defined as the second-level administrative subdivision of the Republic of Indonesia, an equivalent to regency. The difference between a city and a regency is that a city has non-agricultural economic activities and a dense urban population, while a regency comprises predominantly rural areas and is larger in area than a city. However, Indonesia historically had several classifications of cities.
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