1694 Programme Group

Last updated

Class overview
Name1694 Programme Group
Builders
  • six by Dockyard
  • thirteen by contract
Operators
  • English Red Ensign 1620.svg Kingdom of England
  • Naval Ensign of Great Britain (1707-1800).svg Kingdom of Great Britain after 1707
Preceded by 1693 Programme Group
Succeeded by Betty (1695)
Built1694–1699
In service1695–1741
Completed19
Lost10
Retired9
General characteristics
Type32-gun fifth rate
Tons burthen3669294 tons (bm)
Length
  • 108 ft 02 in (33.0 m) gundeck
  • 88 ft 0 in (26.8 m) keel for tonnage
Beam28 ft 0 in (8.5 m) for tonnage
Depth of hold10 ft 6 in (3.2 m)
Sail plan ship-rigged
Armament
  • as built
  • 4/8 × 4 demi-culverins (LD)
  • 22/20 × sakers (UD)
  • 6/4 × 4 minions (QD)
  • 1703 Establishment
  • 8/4 × 4 9-pdr guns (LD)
  • 22/20 × 6-pdr guns (UD)
  • 6/4 × 4-pdr guns (QD)
General characteristics 1719 Establishment
Class and type20-gun sixth rate
Tons burthen375594 tons (bm)
Length
  • 106 ft 1 in (32.33 m) gundeck
  • 87 ft 10 in (26.77 m) keel for tonnage
Beam28 ft 4 in (8.64 m)
Depth of hold9 ft 2 in (2.79 m)
PropulsionSails
Sail plan Full-rigged ship
Armament
  • 1719 Establishment 20 guns
  • 20 × 6-pdr guns (UD)

The 1694 Programme of 32-gun fifth rates were derived from the 1693 programme vessels as demi-batterie ships. The concept was to have one tier of ordnance flush on the upper deck for use in all weathers on a freeboard of at least seven feet. The ordnance would be arranged with a minimum of eleven gun ports on the upper deck. The lower deck would be provided with four to eight gun ports for heavier guns that could only be used in calm weather. For added propulsion ten oar ports per side would be provided with a central loading port. Nineteen more 32-gun vessels to these specifications were ordered in from 1694 to 1698 with thirteen to be built by contract and nine in dockyard. [1]

Contents

Design and specifications

As with most vessels of this time period only order and launch dates are available. The dimensional data listed here is the specification data and the acceptable design creep will be listed on each individual vessel. The gundeck was 108 feet 0 inches (32.9 metres) with a keel length of 88 feet 0 inches (26.8 metres) for tonnage calculation. The breadth would be 28 feet 0 inches (8.5 metres) with a depth of hold of 10 ft 6 in (3.2 m). The tonnage calculation would be 366+9294 tons. The ships would be sail powered carrying a ship-rigged sail plan. Also there was a provision for ten oar ports per side located between the gun ports on the lower deck. [1] Lyme and Scarborough would be rebuilt to the 1719 establishment for 20-gun vessels. The establishment dimensions were 106 feet 0 inches (32.31 metres) with a keel length of 87 feet 9 inches (26.75 metres) for tonnage calculation. The breadth would be 28 feet 4 inches (8.64 metres) with a depth of hold of 9 feet 2 inches (2.79 metres). The tonnage calculation would be 374{094 tons (bm). [2] [3]

The gun armament initially was four demi-culverines [Note 1] mounted on wooden trucks on the lower deck (LD) with two pair of guns per side. The upper deck (UD) battery would consist of between twenty and twenty-two sakers [Note 2] guns mounted on wooden trucks with ten or eleven guns per side. The gun battery would be completed by four to six minions [Note 3] guns mounted on wooden trucks on the quarterdeck (QD) with two to three guns per side. In the 1703 Establishment the old gun designations would be replaced by a system that designated the guns by the weight of shot fired. The demi-culverines would become known as 9-pounders, the sakers as 6-pounders and the minions as 4-pounders. Therefore, their armament as of 1703 for Shoreham and Sorlings would be listed as four 9-pounder guns on the lower deck (LD), twenty 6-pounder 19 hundredweight (cwt) guns on the upper deck (UD) with four 4-pounder 12 cwt guns on the quarterdeck (QD). For Scarborough, Faversham, Looe(ii) and Bridgewater would be rerated as 36-gun vessels with an increase in the 9-pounders to eight guns. The 4-pounders would be removed in 1714. [1] Under the 1719 Establishment the guns would be established as twenty 6-pounders on the upper deck (UD). [3] [4]

Ships of the 1694 Programme Group

NameBuilderLaunch dateRemarks
Lyme (1695) Mr Flint, Plymouth20 April 1695
  • rebuilt as 1719 Establishment sixth rate in 1720
  • Breaking completed January 1739
Hastings (1695) (i)Thomas Ellis, Shoreham5 February 1695
  • Wrecked 10 December 1697
Milford (1695) William Hubbard, Ipswich6 March 1695
  • Taken by French 7 January 1697
Arundel (1695) Thomas Ellis, Shoreham13 September 1695
  • sold under AO 11 June 1713
Rye (1696) Sheerness Dockyard7 June 1696
  • sunk as breakwater Harwich 5 July 1727
Scarborough (1696) James Parker, Southampton24 March 1696
  • Captured by French 1 November 1710
  • Recaptured by British 31 March 1712 and renamed Garland
  • Reduced to 20-gun sixth rate 1717
  • rebuilt at Sheerness as sixth rate 24 October 1721
  • Sold at Sheerness 27 September 1744
Looe (1696) (i)Plymouth Dockyard5 August 1696
  • Wrecked Baltimore Bay, Ireland 30 April 1697
Lynn (1696) Thomas Ellis, Shoreham24 April 1696
  • Sold to Francis Sheldon 16 April 1713
Fowey (1696) Thomas Burgess & William Briggs, Shoreham7 May 1696
  • Taken by French 1 August 1708
Southsea Castle (1696) (i)John Knowler, Redbridge3 September 1696
  • Wrecked 15 September 1697
Gosport (1696) William Collins, Shoreham3 September 1696
  • Taken by French 28 July 1706
Poole (1696) Joseph Nye & George Moore, East Cowes6 August 1696
  • Converted to a fireship at Portsmouth 1719
  • sunk as a breakwater Harwich 8 July 1737
Feversham (1696) Thomas Ellis and William Collins, Shoreham1 October 1696
  • foundered 7 October 1711
Hastings (1698) (ii)Isaac Betts, Woodbridge17 May 1698
  • Wrecked 9 February 1707
Lowestoffe (1697) Chatham Dockyard16 August 1697
  • Rebuilt as 20-gun sixth rate
  • Sold on 12 July 1744
Looe (1697) (ii)Portsmouth Dockyard15 October 1697
  • Wrecked 12 December 1705
Southsea Castle (1697) (ii)Deptford Dockyard16 November 1697
  • Wrecked 12 November 1699
Bridgewater (1698) Sheerness Dockyard30 May 1698
  • Converted to a fireship 1727
  • Broken in April 1738
Ludlow (1698) Mrs Ann Mundy, Woodbridge12 September 1698
  • taken by French 16 January 1703

Notes

  1. A demi-culverine was a gun of 3,400 pounds with a four-inch bore firing a 9.5-pound shot with an eight-pound powder charge.
  2. A sacar or saker was a gun of 1,400 pounds with a 3.5-inch bore firing a 5.5-pound shot with a 5.5-pound powder charge.
  3. A minion was a gun of 1,000 pounds with a 3.5-inch bore firing a 4-pound shot with a 4-pound powder charge.

Citations

  1. 1 2 3 Winfield (2009), Chapter 5, The Fifth Rates, Vessels acquired from 16 December 1688, Fifth Rates 32-36 guns, 1694 Programe
  2. Clowes (1898), Chapter XXVI, page 9
  3. 1 2 Winfield (2007), Chapter 6, Sixth Rates, Sixth Rates of 20 or 24 guns, Vessels acquired from 1 August 1714, 1719 Establishment Group
  4. Clowes (1898), Chapter XXVI, page 9

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The 1689 Programme of fifth rates were devised by Admiral the Earl of Torrington as the prototype demi-batterie ships of the Royal Navy. The concept was to have one tier of ordnance flush on the upper deck for use in all weathers on a freeboard of at least seven feet. The ordnance would be arranged with a minimum of ten gun ports on the upper deck. The lower deck would be provided with four ports for heavier guns that could only be used in calm weather. For added propulsion ten oar ports per side would be provided with a central loading port. Five new 32-gun vessels to these specifications were ordered from Naval Dockyards in June 1689.

The Modified 1719 Establishment Group of sixth rates were basically identical to the 1719 Establishment Group except they were two feet wider. One ship would be a rebuild of an earlier vessel and one vessel of new construction. These vessels like the 1719 Establishment Group would have no lower gun ports, however, would have ten oar ports per side on the lower deck. These ships would be constructed between 1729 and 1732.

The 1693 Programme of fifth rates were derived from the 1689 programme vessels as demi-batterie ships. The concept was to have one tier of ordnance flush on the upper deck for use in all weathers on a freeboard of at least seven feet. The ordnance would be arranged with a minimum of ten gun ports on the upper deck. The lower deck would be provided with four ports for heavier guns that could only be used in calm weather. For added propulsion ten oar ports per side would be provided with a central loading port. Four 32-gun vessels to these specifications were ordered in early 1693 with three to be built by Contract and one in dockyard.

HMS Milford was a 32-gun fifth rate built under contract by William Hubbard of Ipswich in 1694/95.

HMS Shoreham was a 32-gun fifth rate vessel built under contract at Shoreham in 1693/94. During the War of the English Succession she was involved in the unsuccessful operation at Camaret Bay. At the end of the war she helped take half a French convoy off Ireland. She then deployed to North America and the West Indies. She was rebuilt as a 20-gun sixth rate to the 1719 Establishment in 1719/21. She served in the Baltic as a bomb vessel then reverted to a sixth rate. She participated in operations in the West Indies during the initial years of the War of Austrian Succession before being sold in 1744.

HMS Scarborough was a 32-gun fifth rate vessel built at Woolwich Dockyard in 1693/94. Shortly after commissioning she was taken by two French privateers and went under French service. She was recaptured in 1697 and renamed Milford. She spent some time off Africa then the West Indies. She was rebuilt in 1705. She was in the North Sea, the Mediterranean and finally the West Indies where she was wrecked in 1720.

HMS Lyme was a 32-gun fifth rate built by Mr. Flint of Plymouth in 1694/95. She spent her career on counter piracy patrols and trade protection duties in Home Waters, the Mediterranean and in North America and the West Indies. She was rebuilt to the 1719 Establishment as a sixth rate in 1720/21. Her breaking was completed in January 1739.

HMS Hastings was a 32-gun fifth rate built under contract by Thomas Ellis of Shoreham in 1694/95. She spent her brief career on counter piracy patrols and trade protection duties in Home Waters. She was wrecked in a storm off Waterford in December 1697.

HMS Scarborough was a 32-gun fifth rate built under contract by James Parker of Southampton in 1695/96. She served in the trade protection and counter-piracy operations during her service. She was captured by the French, then recaptured by the British and renamed Garland, She was converted to a fireship for the Baltic then the Mediterranean. She was at the Battle of Passero in 1718. She was reduced to a 20-gun sixth rate in 1717. Rebuilt to the 1719 Establishment in 1721, she was finally sold in 1744.

HMS Looe was a 32-gun fifth rate built at Plymouth Dockyard in 1695/96. Shortly after commissioning she was wrecked in Baltimore Bay, Ireland on 30 April 1697.

HMS Fowey was a 32-gun fifth rate built by Mr. Flint of Plymouth in 1695/96. She was employed in trade protection and counter-piracy patrols in Home Waters and North America. She was in on the capture of a 50-gun Frenchman while returning from Virginia. She was taken by the French off the Scilly Islands in August 1704.

HMS Southsea Castle was a 32-gun fifth rate built under contract by John Knowler of Redbridge (Southampton) in 1695/96.

HMS Gosport was a 32-gun fifth rate built by William Collins of Shoreham in 1695/96. She spent her career on counter piracy patrols and trade protection duties in Home Waters, in North America and the West Indies. She was captured by the French in 1706.

HMS Lowestoffe was a 32-gun fifth rate built at Chatham Dockyard in 1696/97. She spent her career on counter piracy patrols and trade Protection duties. She participated in the capture of Port Royal in Nova Scotia. She was rebuilt in 1722/24 as a 20-gun sixth rate. She was sold in July 1744.

HMS Looe was a 32-gun fifth rate built by Portsmouth Dockyard in 1696/97. She was first employed off the Irish coast. She went to Newfoundland in 1702. On her return she was wrecked on the Isle of Wight in December 1705.

HMS Ludlow was a 32-gun fifth rate built by Mrs. Anne Mundy of Woodbridge in 1697/98.

With the ascension of Queen Anne to the throne of England, these would be the first vessels associated to her reign. The vessels would be similar to the previous 1694 programme with one exception. The upper deck battery would be fully enclosed with a deck running from the foc's'le to the quarterdeck. This would protect the gunners and battery during an action with the enemy. In 1702 one vessel was ordered from dockyard. In 1703 two more were ordered from dockyard.

References