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1877 (MDCCCLXXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar, the 1877th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 877th year of the 2nd millennium, the 77th year of the 19th century, and the 8th year of the 1870s decade. As of the start of 1877, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Earl of Lindsey is a title in the Peerage of England. It was created in 1626 for the 14th Baron Willoughby de Eresby. He was First Lord of the Admiralty from 1635 to 1636 and also established his claim in right of his mother to the hereditary office of Lord Great Chamberlain of England. Lord Lindsey fought on the Royalist side in the Civil War and was mortally wounded at the Battle of Edgehill on 23 October 1642. He was succeeded by his son, the second earl. He also fought at Edgehill and surrendered to the Parliamentarians in order to attend his mortally wounded father. Lord Lindsey later fought at the First Battle of Newbury, Second Battle of Newbury, and at Naseby. His son from his second marriage, James, was created Earl of Abingdon in 1682. He was succeeded by his son from his first marriage to Martha Cockayne, the third Earl. He represented Boston in the House of Commons and served as Lord Lieutenant of Lincolnshire.
The Nez Perce War was an armed conflict in 1877 in the Western United States that pitted several bands of the Nez Perce tribe of Native Americans and their allies, a small band of the Palouse tribe led by Red Echo (Hahtalekin) and Bald Head, against the United States Army. Fought between June and October, the conflict stemmed from the refusal of several bands of the Nez Perce, dubbed "non-treaty Indians," to give up their ancestral lands in the Pacific Northwest and move to an Indian reservation in Idaho Territory. This forced removal was in violation of the 1855 Treaty of Walla Walla, which granted the tribe 7.5 million acres of their ancestral lands and the right to hunt and fish on lands ceded to the U.S. government.
The Kimberley Regiment is an infantry regiment of the South African Army. As a reserve unit, it has a status roughly equivalent to that of a British Army Reserve or United States Army National Guard unit.
Onna-musha (女武者) is a term referring to female warriors in pre-modern Japan. These women fought in battle alongside samurai men. They were members of the bushi (warrior) class in feudal Japan and were trained in the use of weapons to protect their household, family, and honour in times of war. They also have an important presence in Japanese literature, with Tomoe Gozen and Hangaku Gozen as famous and influential examples representing onna-musha.
The Montenegrin–Ottoman War, also known in Montenegro as the Great War, was fought between the Principality of Montenegro and the Ottoman Empire between 1876 and 1878. The war ended with Montenegrin victory and Ottoman defeat in the larger Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878. Six major and 27 smaller battles were fought, among which was the crucial Battle of Vučji Do.
The 1877 Clare by-election was fought on 13 August 1877. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent Home Rule MP, Sir Colman O'Loghlen. It was won by the Home Rule candidate Sir Bryan O'Loghlen. The result was remarkable in that O'Loghlen did not seek the nomination and was elected without his consent. He refused to take his seat as he was Attorney-General of Victoria. This position was considered an office of profit and thus disqualified him from membership of the House of Commons. A select committee was established to consider the issue and reported in 1879. The found that this was the case and the seat was declared vacant. Some controversy remained because O'Loghlen's position was in a colony and not in the United Kingdom. A writ was moved for another by-election in 1879.
The 1877 North Northamptonshire by-election was fought on 13 August 1877. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent Conservative MP, George Ward Hunt. It was won by the Conservative candidate Brownlow Cecil.
The 1877 Westminster by-election was fought on 11 August 1877. The byelection was fought due to the incumbent Conservative MP, William Henry Smith, becoming first Lord of the Admiralty. It was retained by the incumbent.
The 1877 Great Grimsby by-election was fought on 1 August 1877. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent Conservative MP, John Chapman. It was won by the Liberal candidate Alfred Watkin.
The 1877 Huntingdonshire by-election was fought on 29 June 1877. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent Conservative MP, Henry Carstairs Pelly. It was won by the Conservative candidate Viscount Mandeville.
The 1877 Dungarvan by-election was fought on 23 June 1877. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent Home Rule MP, John O'Keeffe. It was won by the Home Rule candidate Frank Hugh O'Donnell.
The 1877 Tipperary by-election was fought on 15 May 1877. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent Home Rule MP, William Frederick Ormond O'Callaghan. It was won by the Home Rule candidate Edmund Dwyer Gray.
The 1877 Montgomery Boroughs by-election was fought on 15 May 1877. The byelection was fought due to the succession to a peerage of the incumbent Liberal MP, Hon. Charles Hanbury-Tracy. It was won by the Liberal candidate Hon. Frederick Hanbury-Tracy who was a lieutenant-colonel in the Worcester Yeomanry.
The 1877 Salford by-election was fought on 19 April 1877. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent Conservative MP, Charles Edward Cawley. It was won by the Conservative candidate Oliver Ormerod Walker.
The 1877 Launceston by-election was fought on 3 March 1877. The by-election was fought due to the resignation of the incumbent Conservative MP, James Henry Deakin (junior). It was won by the Conservative candidate Sir Hardinge Stanley Giffard.
The 1877 Oldham by-election was fought on 1 March 1877. The byelection was fought due to the death of the incumbent Conservative MP, John Morgan Cobbett. It was won by the Liberal candidate J. T. Hibbert.
The 1877 Halifax by-election was fought on 20 February 1877. The byelection was fought due to the resignation of the incumbent Liberal MP, John Crossley. It was won by the Liberal candidate John Dyson Hutchinson.
The 1877 Wilton by-election was fought on 19 February 1877. The byelection was fought due to the resignation of the incumbent Liberal MP, Sir Edmund Antrobus. It was won by the Conservative candidate Hon. Sidney Herbert.
The 1877 Dublin University by-election was fought on 13 February 1877. The by-election was held due to the incumbent Conservative MP, Edward Gibson, becoming Attorney-General for Ireland. It was retained by the incumbent.
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