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Charles Stewart Parnell was an Irish nationalist politician who served as a Member of Parliament (MP) in the United Kingdom from 1875 to 1891, Leader of the Home Rule League from 1880 to 1882, and then of the Irish Parliamentary Party from 1882 to 1891, who held the balance of power in the House of Commons during the Home Rule debates of 1885–1886. He fell from power following revelations of a long-term affair, and died at age 45.
The Home Rule League (1873–1882), sometimes called the Home Rule Party, was an Irish political party which campaigned for home rule for Ireland within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, until it was replaced by the Irish Parliamentary Party. The Home Rule Confederation of Great Britain was a sister organisation in Great Britain.
Edward Sheil was an Irish nationalist politician. He was a Member of Parliament (MP) for Athlone from 1874 to 1880, for Meath from 1882 to 1885, and for South Meath from 1885 to 1892, taking his seat in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
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The 1903 Liverpool West Derby by-election was held on 20 January 1903 after the death of the incumbent Conservative MP Samuel Wasse Higginbottom. It was retained by the Conservative candidate Watson Rutherford.
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The North West Staffordshire by-election was a Parliamentary by-election held on 31 July 1907. The constituency returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post voting system.
The 1905 Carlisle by-election was a Parliamentary by-election held on 14 July 1905. The constituency returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post voting system.
The Appleby by-election was a Parliamentary by-election held on 2 March 1905. The constituency returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, elected by the first past the post voting system.
The 1882 Ennis by-election took place on 14 November 1882. The by-election, to the UK House of Commons constituency of Ennis, arose due to the resignation of the incumbent MP, James Lysaght Finegan, a supporter of the Home Rule League.
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