By-elections to the House of Lords

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By-elections to the House of Lords occur when vacancies arise among seats assigned to hereditary peers due to death, resignation, or disqualification. Candidates for these by-elections are limited to holders of hereditary peerages, and their electorates are made up of sitting Lords; in most cases the electorate are those sitting hereditary peers of the same party affiliation as the departed peer.

Contents

Overview

Following the enactment of the House of Lords Act 1999, the number of hereditary peers entitled to sit in the House of Lords was reduced to ninety-two. The Earl Marshal and the Lord Great Chamberlain were entitled to sit ex officio; the remaining ninety were elected by all the hereditary peers before the passing of the reform.

Before the passing of the 1999 Act, the Lords approved a Standing Order stating that the remaining hereditary peers shall consist of:

Prior to November 2002, vacancies were automatically filled by the highest performing unsuccessful candidate in the 1999 House of Lords election that elected the departed peer.

Elections are normally required to be held within three months of a vacancy occurring, [3] but from 25 July 2024 to 24 January 2026, elections must be held within eighteen months—in practice suspending by-elections whilst the role of hereditary peers in the Lords is debated (see House of Lords (Hereditary Peers) Bill). [4] [5]

The elections take place under the Alternative Vote system for elections to individual vacancies [6] and the Single Transferrable Vote for elections to fill multiple vacancies. [7] All those on the Register of Hereditary Peers are eligible to stand, but only sitting (the "excepted") hereditary peers of the group in question may vote for the seats reserved for a single parliamentary group. This can result in very small electorates, such as only three voters in the 2003 election of Lord Grantchester. [8] [9] For the 15 peers elected by the whole House, life peers may also vote.

As of September 2023, there have been 18 by-elections [10] among Conservative peers; 19 by-elections [11] among Crossbench peers; 2 among Liberal Democrat peers; and 2 among Labour peers. In addition, there have been 14 by-elections by the whole House.

By-election results

2003

After the death of the Viscount of Oxfuird
Hereditary peers' by-election (whole House eligible to vote), March 2003 [12]
PartyCandidateCount 1Count 2Count 3Count 4Count 5Count 6Count 7Count 8Count 9Count 10Count 11Count 12Count 13Count 14Count 15Count 16Count 17Count 18
Conservative Green check.svgY Viscount Ullswater [13] 86898991919495101103109111114116123123127144151
Crossbench Viscount Montgomery of Alamein 4646 46 46 48 49 49 53 54 56 56 61 63 66 688095116
Labour Lord Grantchester 5758 59 59 59 59 59 59 60 60 61 62 64 65 839293-
Conservative Viscount Eccles 3132 33 34 35 37 37 41 43 44 46 47 48 53 5355--
Crossbench Lord Meston 3940 40 42 42 44 44 44 45 45 45 45 48 48 48---
Labour Lord Monkswell 2626 27 27 27 27 28 28 28 28 29 29 31 31 ----
Crossbench Earl of Clancarty [lower-alpha 1] 1012 12 12 12 13 14 16 17 17 17 - - - ----
Crossbench Lord Rathcavan 1313 13 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 14 - - - ----
Conservative Viscount Trenchard 1011 11 12 12 12 12 12 13 13 - - - - ----
Conservative Viscount Weir 1011 11 12 12 12 12 12 13 13 - - - - ----
Conservative Earl Cathcart 910 10 10 10 11 11 12 12 - - - - - ----
Conservative Lord Norrie 88 8 10 10 11 11 11 - - - - - - ----
Conservative Viscount Brentford 88 8 9 9 9 9 - - - - - - - ----
Conservative Earl of Cranbrook 57 7 8 8 9 9 - - - - - - - ----
Conservative Earl of Stockton 66 7 8 9 9 9 - - - - - - - ----
Crossbench Earl of Effingham 66 6 6 6 6 - - - - - - - - ----
Crossbench Earl of Iveagh 55 5 5 5 - - - - - - - - - ----
Conservative Lord de Ramsey 44 5 5 5 - - - - - - - - - ----
Liberal Democrats Earl of Carlisle 34 4 5 5 - - - - - - - - - ----
Crossbench Earl Cairns 44 4 4 - - - - - - - - - - ----
Conservative Viscount Addison 33 3 - - - - - - - - - - - ----
Conservative Lord Birdwood 33 3 - - - - - - - - - - - ----
Liberal Democrats Earl of Glasgow 33 3 - - - - - - - - - - - ----
Conservative Lord Vaux of Harrowden 33 3 - - - - - - - - - - - ----
Conservative Earl of Kinnoull 23 3 - - - - - - - - - - - ----
Conservative Lord de Mauley 22 - - - - - - - - - - - - ----
Conservative Lord Gray 22 - - - - - - - - - - - - ----
Conservative Viscount Hood 22 - - - - - - - - - - - - ----
Independent Lord Kennet 22 - - - - - - - - - - - - ----
Conservative Viscount Torrington 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - ----
Conservative Lord Teynham 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - ----
Conservative Earl of Swinton 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - ----
Conservative Lord Strathcarron 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - ----
Conservative Lord Rowallan 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - ----
Conservative Lord Poole 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - ----
Conservative Lord Pender 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - ----
Crossbench Lord Napier of Magdala 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - ----
Conservative Lord Morris 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - ----
Crossbench Lord Lawrence 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - ----
Crossbench Earl of Kintore 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - ----
Crossbench Lord Gladwyn 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - ----
Crossbench Earl of Cromer 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - ----
Crossbench Lord Birkett 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - ----
Independent Lord Ashbourne 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - ----
Others37 others [lower-alpha 2] 0-----------------
Electorate: 661  Valid: 423  Spoilt: 3  Quota: 212  Turnout: 426
  1. Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Viscount Clancarty, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
  2. Lord Biddulph, Lord Cadman, Lord Calverley, Lord Carew, Lord Chesham, Lord Clifford of Chudleigh, Earl Cowley, Lord Cromwell, Earl of Drogheda (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Moore, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Earl of Enniskillen (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Grinstead, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Viscount Gage (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Gage, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Lord Gainford, Lord Glanusk, Lord Herbert, Lord Hindlip, Lord HolmPatrick, Lord Kenilworth, Lord Killearn, Earl of Kimberley, Earl of Lauderdale, Viscount Leathers, Lord Macpherson of Drumochter, Viscount Massereene and Ferrard (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Oriel, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Viscount Melville, Lord Milford, Lord Milverton, Lord Monk Bretton, Lord Newall, Lord Oranmore and Browne (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Mereworth, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Lord Renwick, Viscount Samuel, Lord Sempill, Earl of Shannon (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Carleton, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Duke of Somerset, Lord Sudeley, Lord Terrington, and Lord Tryon
After the death of Lord Milner of Leeds
Labour hereditary peers' by-election, October 2003 [14]
CandidateCount 1
Green check.svgY Lord Grantchester [15] [13] 2
Viscount Hanworth 1
9 others [lower-alpha 1] 0
Electorate: 3  Valid: 3  Spoilt: 0  Quota: 1  Turnout: 3

2004

After the death of Lord Vivian:

Conservative hereditary peers' by-election, May 2004 [16]
CandidateCount 1Count 2Count 3Count 4Count 5Count 6Count 7Count 8Count 9Count 10Count 11
Green check.svgY Viscount Trenchard 8888 9101212141724
Viscount Eccles 77 8999 9 10 13 15 18
Earl Cathcart 77 7 7 7 7 7 10 11 13 -
Viscount Weir 77 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 - -
Viscount Torrington 56 6 6 6 6 6 6 - - -
Lord de Mauley 44 4 4 4 4 4 - - - -
Lord Rathcavan 22 2 2 2 2 - - - - -
Lord Terrington 11 1 1 1 - - - - - -
Lord Norrie 11 1 1 - - - - - - -
Lord Harlech 11 1 - - - - - - - -
Viscount Brentford 11 - - - - - - - - -
Viscount Addison 1- - - - - - - - - -
25 others [lower-alpha 1] 0- - - - - - - - - -
Electorate: 48  Valid: 45  Spoilt: 0  Quota: 23  Turnout: 45

2005

After the death of the Earl Russell:

Liberal Democrat hereditary peers' by-election, January 2005 [17]
CandidateCount 1
Green check.svgY Earl of Glasgow 4
2 others [lower-alpha 1] 0
Electorate: 4  Valid: 4  Spoilt: 0  Quota: Turnout: 4

After the death of Lord Burnham:

Conservative hereditary peers' by-election, March 2005 [18]
CandidateCount 1Count 2Count 3Count 4Count 5Count 6Count 7Count 8Count 9Count 10
Green check.svgY Lord de Mauley 12121212121212131621
Earl Cathcart 77 7 7 7 7 8 10 11 13
Viscount Eccles 66 6 7 8 8 8 9 10 -
Viscount Torrington 23 4 4 4 5 7 7 - -
Earl of Stockton 44 4 4 5 6 7 - - -
Viscount Weir 44 4 4 4 4 - - - -
Lord Rathcavan 22 2 2 2 - - - - -
Lord de Ramsey 22 2 2 - - - - - -
Lord Norrie 11 1 - - - - - - -
Lord Margadale 11 - - - - - - - -
Viscount Addison 1- - - - - - - - -
25 others [lower-alpha 1] 0- - - - - - - - -
Electorate: 47  Valid: 42  Spoilt: 0  Quota: 21  Turnout: 42
  1. Earl Alexander of Tunis, Lord Biddulph, Lord Birdwood, Lord Cadman, Earl Cowley, Viscount Gage, Lord Gainford, Viscount Gormanston (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Gormanston, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Lord Harlech, Viscount Hill, Viscount Hood, Lord Killearn, Earl of Kimberley, Earl of Kinnoull, Lord Layton, Viscount Massereene and Ferrard (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Oriel, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Lord Milverton, Lord Morris, Lord Newall, Lord Pender, Lord Poole, Lord Rowallan, Lord Sudeley, Lord Terrington, and Lord Vivian

After the death of Lord Aberdare:

Hereditary peers' by-election (whole House eligible to vote), March 2005 [19]
PartyCandidateCount 1Count 2Count 3Count 4Count 5Count 6Count 7Count 8Count 9Count 10Count 11Count 12Count 13Count 14Count 15Count 16Count 17Count 18Count 19Count 20Count 21Count 22Count 23Count 24
Conservative Green check.svgY Viscount Eccles 9292929293939393939393939494969698102104111119129146168
Labour Lord Monkswell 6363 63 63 63 63 63 63 63 63 64 64 64 64 64646464646464656567
Liberal Democrats Earl of Carlisle 4949 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 51 51515151535454555961
Conservative Earl Cathcart 3232 32 32 32 32 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 333435363638404144-
Conservative Earl of Stockton 2222 22 22 22 23 23 23 24 24 24 25 25 25 2526272731343539--
Conservative Lord Norrie 1919 19 19 19 19 19 20 20 21 22 22 22 22 22222527272831---
Conservative Viscount Torrington 1010 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 13 141414141414----
Conservative Lord de Ramsey 1111 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 1212121314-----
Crossbench Lord Birkett 99 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9101012------
Conservative Lord Rathcavan 99 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9910-------
Conservative Viscount Weir 77 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 88--------
Conservative Lord Poole 34 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4---------
Conservative Viscount Hood 44 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ----------
Conservative Lord Margadale 33 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 - ----------
Conservative Lord Terrington 11 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 - - ----------
Crossbench Lord Tryon 22 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 - - - ----------
UKIP Duke of Rutland 22 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 - - - - ----------
Conservative Viscount Addison 22 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 - - - - - ----------
Conservative Lord Vivian 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 - - - - - - ----------
Conservative Lord Rowallan 11 1 1 1 1 1 - - - - - - - ----------
Conservative Viscount Massereene and Ferrard [lower-alpha 1] 11 1 1 1 1 - - - - - - - - ----------
Conservative Earl of Kinnoull 11 1 1 1 - - - - - - - - - ----------
Conservative Lord Killearn 11 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - ----------
Crossbench Lord Glanusk 11 1 - - - - - - - - - - - ----------
Crossbench Lord Clifford of Chudleigh 11 - - - - - - - - - - - - ----------
Conservative Earl Alexander of Tunis 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - ----------
Others10 others [lower-alpha 2] 0-----------------------
Electorate: 687  Valid: 348  Spoilt: 4  Quota: 174  Turnout: 352
  1. Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Oriel, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
  2. Lord Biddulph, Lord Birdwood, Lord Cadman, Lord Gainford, Lord Harlech, Earl of Kimberley, Lord Milverton, Lord Morris, Lord Newall, and Lord Sudeley

After the death of Baroness Strange:

Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, June 2005 [20]
CandidateCount 1Count 2Count 3Count 4Count 5Count 6
Green check.svgY Viscount Montgomery of Alamein 111111111111
Earl of Effingham 44 5 6 7 8
Earl of Clancarty [lower-alpha 1] 55 5 5 6 -
Earl of Stair 33 4 4 - -
Lord Gladwyn 23 3 - - -
Earl of Iveagh 22 - - - -
Lord Milford 1- - - - -
19 others [lower-alpha 2] 0- - - - -
Electorate: 29  Valid: 28  Spoilt: 0  Quota: 14  Turnout: 28
  1. Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Viscount Clancarty, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
  2. Lord Amherst of Hackney, Lord Birdwood, Lord Birkett, Lord Carew, Lord Clifford of Chudleigh, Earl of Cromer, Lord Cromwell, Earl of Drogheda (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Moore, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Lord Glanusk, Earl of Kimberley, Viscount Leathers, Lord Norrie, Lord Oranmore and Browne (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Mereworth, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Viscount of Oxfuird, Duke of Rutland, Viscount Samuel, Lord Sudeley, Lord Tryon, and Lord Vernon

2007

After the death of Lord Mowbray and Stourton:

Conservative hereditary peers' by-election, March 2007 [21]
CandidateCount 1Count 2Count 3Count 4Count 5Count 6Count 7
Green check.svgY Earl Cathcart 1011 11 12 12 1621
Viscount Younger of Leckie 12131314151617
Earl of Stockton 66 6 7 9 11 -
Viscount Torrington 24 6 6 7 - -
Lord Rathcavan 44 4 4 - - -
Lord de Ramsey 33 3 - - - -
Viscount Weir 12 - - - - -
Earl Alexander of Tunis 1- - - - - -
Lord Birdwood 1- - - - - -
Lord Chesham 1- - - - - -
Earl of Iveagh 1- - - - - -
Lord Margadale 1- - - - - -
30 others [lower-alpha 1] 0- - - - - -
Electorate: 47  Valid: 43  Spoilt: 0  Quota: 22  Turnout: 43
  1. Lord Abinger, Viscount Addison, Lord Annaly, Lord Ashbourne, Lord Biddulph, Lord Cadman, Lord Darling, Lord Gainford, Viscount Gormanston (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Gormanston, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Lord Harlech, Viscount Hill, Viscount Hood, Lord Killearn, Earl of Kinnoull, Viscount Massereene and Ferrard (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Oriel, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Viscount Monckton of Brenchley, Lord Morris, Lord Newall, Lord Ogmore, Lord Oranmore and Browne (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Mereworth, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Lord Pender, Lord Polwarth, Lord Poole, Lord Rowallan, Lord Seaford, Lord Sudeley, Lord Swansea, Earl of Swinton, Lord Terrington, Lord Vivian, and Earl of Woolton

2008

After the death of the Baroness Darcy de Knayth:

Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, May 2008 [22]
CandidateCount 1Count 2Count 3Count 4Count 5Count 6
Green check.svgY Earl of Stair 66 7 91114
Earl of Clancarty [lower-alpha 1] 78899 10
Lord Aberdare 44 4 4 5 -
Viscount Devonport 33 3 3 - -
Lord Cromwell 23 3 - - -
Lord Darcy de Knayth 22 - - - -
Lord Milford 1- - - - -
Lord Terrington 1- - - - -
25 others [lower-alpha 2] 0- - - - -
Electorate: 29  Valid: 26  Spoilt: 0  Quota: 14  Turnout: 26
  1. Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Viscount Clancarty, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
  2. Earl Alexander of Tunis, Lord Cadman, Lord Carew, Lord Clifford of Chudleigh, Earl of Cromer, Earl of Effingham, Lord Harlech, Viscount Hill, Earl of Iveagh, Earl of Kimberley, Lord Margadale, Viscount Massereene and Ferrard (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Oriel, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Viscount Monckton of Brenchley, Lord Napier of Magdala, Lord Oranmore and Browne (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Mereworth, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Lord Poole, Lord Revelstoke, Duke of Rutland, Viscount Samuel, Earl of Shaftesbury, Earl of Stockton, Lord Sudeley, Lord Tryon, Lord Vernon, and Lord Wharton

2009

After the death of the Viscount Bledisloe:

Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, July 2009 [23]
CandidateCount 1Count 2Count 3Count 4Count 5
Green check.svgY Lord Aberdare 1012121213
Lord Sempill 23 5 5 5
Viscount Hood 44 4 4 4
Earl of Clancarty [lower-alpha 1] 33 3 4 -
Lord Hacking 23 3 - -
Duke of Somerset 22 - - -
Lord Cromwell 1- - - -
Earl of Effingham 1- - - -
Lord Polwarth 1- - - -
Lord Wrenbury 1- - - -
23 others [lower-alpha 2] 0- - - -
Electorate: 29  Valid: 27  Spoilt: 0  Quota: 13  Turnout: 27
  1. Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Viscount Clancarty, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
  2. Viscount Addison, Earl of Balfour, Lord Birdwood, Lord Cadman, Lord Carew, Lord Clifford of Chudleigh, Earl of Cromer, Viscount Devonport, Lord Gainford, Viscount Hill, Earl of Kimberley, Viscount Leathers, Earl of Lonsdale, Viscount Massereene and Ferrard (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Oriel, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Viscount Monckton of Brenchley, Viscount Mountgarret (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Mountgarret, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Lord Ogmore, Lord Robertson of Oakridge, Earl of Shaftesbury, Earl of Stockton, Lord Sudeley, Lord Tryon, and Lord Wharton

2010

After the death of the Viscount Colville of Culross:

Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, June 2010 [24]
CandidateCount 1Count 2Count 3Count 4Count 5
Green check.svgY Earl of Clancarty [lower-alpha 1] 1010111213
Earl of Lytton 35 5 8 8
Viscount Hood 34 5 5 -
Lord Sempill 44 4 - -
Viscount Runciman of Doxford 23 - - -
Earl of Albemarle 1- - - -
Earl Cairns 1- - - -
Lord Cromwell 1- - - -
Lord Hacking 1- - - -
15 others [lower-alpha 2] 0- - - -
Electorate: 29  Valid: 26  Spoilt: 0  Quota: 13  Turnout: 26

After the death of the Earl of Northesk:

Conservative hereditary peers' by-election, June 2010 [25]
CandidateCount 1Count 2Count 3
Green check.svgY Viscount Younger of Leckie 172122
Earl of Stockton 57 7
Lord Ashton of Hyde 44 5
Lord Rathcavan 33 4
Lord Colgrain 23 3
Lord de Ramsey 23 3
Marquess of Abergavenny 22 -
Earl of Limerick [lower-alpha 1] 22 -
Viscount Addison 1- -
Lord Bethell 1- -
Lord Birdwood 1- -
Lord Bolton 1- -
Viscount Gormanston [lower-alpha 2] 1- -
Lord Gray 1- -
Lord Harlech 1- -
Lord Margadale 1- -
17 others [lower-alpha 3] 0- -
Electorate: 47  Valid: 45  Spoilt: 0  Quota: 22  Turnout: 45
  1. Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Foxford, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
  2. Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Gormanston, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
  3. Earl Alexander of Tunis, Lord Biddulph, Lord Borwick, Lord Cadman, Lord Gainford, Earl of Harrowby, Viscount Hill, Lord Killearn, Earl of Kinnoull, Viscount Massereene and Ferrard (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Oriel, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Viscount Mountgarret (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Mountgarret, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Lord Poole, Lord Rowallan, Lord Sudeley, Lord Swansea, Lord Vivian, and Viscount Weir

2011

After the death of the Lord Strabolgi:

Hereditary peers' by-election (whole House eligible to vote), March 2011 [26]
PartyCandidateCount 1
Labour Green check.svgY Viscount Hanworth 233
Liberal Democrats Earl of Carlisle 26
Conservative Lord de Ramsey 24
Crossbench Lord Hacking 24
Labour Lord Monkswell 21
Conservative Earl of Stockton 20
Conservative Earl of Harrowby 17
Crossbench Lord Cromwell 8
Conservative Earl of Limerick 7
Conservative Lord Killearn 6
Conservative Earl Alexander of Tunis 5
Conservative Lord Margadale 5
Conservative Earl of Kinnoull 4
Liberal Democrats Lord Ogmore 4
Conservative Lord Rowallan 3
Conservative Viscount Addison 2
Crossbench Lord Tryon 2
Conservative Lord Birdwood 1
Crossbench Earl of Cromer 1
Conservative Lord Sudeley 1
Others4 others [lower-alpha 1] 0
Electorate: 769  Valid: 414  Spoilt: 2  Quota: 207  Turnout: 416

After the death of the Lord Monson:

Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, May 2011 [27]
CandidateCount 1Count 2Count 3Count 4Count 5
Green check.svgY Earl of Lytton 7791115
Duke of Somerset 6799 9
Viscount Colville of Culross 66 6 7 -
Lord Cromwell 33 3 - -
Earl of Oxford and Asquith 22 - - -
Earl of Shaftesbury 22 - - -
Earl of Drogheda [lower-alpha 1] 1- - - -
7 others [lower-alpha 2] 0- - - -
Electorate: 28  Valid: 27  Spoilt: 0  Quota: 14  Turnout: 27
  1. Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Moore, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
  2. Lord Birdwood, Lord Cadman, Viscount Hill, Earl of Kimberley, Viscount Massereene and Ferrard (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Oriel, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Lord Ogmore, and Lord Sudeley

After the death of the Earl of Onslow:

Conservative hereditary peers' by-election, July 2011 [28]
CandidateCount 1Count 2Count 3Count 4Count 5Count 6Count 7Count 8Count 9
Green check.svgY Lord Ashton of Hyde 191920202020202123
Lord Borwick 56 6 7 7 7 7 7 7
Lord de Ramsey 33 3 3 4 4 5 5 5
Earl of Harrowby 44 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Earl of Stockton 22 2 2 2 2 3 4 4
Marquess of Abergavenny 33 3 3 3 3 3 3 -
Earl of Oxford and Asquith 22 2 2 2 2 2 - -
Earl of Onslow 22 2 2 2 2 - - -
Lord Rowallan 11 1 1 1 - - - -
Lord Rathcavan 11 1 1 - - - - -
Lord Margadale 11 1 - - - - - -
Earl of Limerick [lower-alpha 1] 11 - - - - - - -
Viscount Addison 1- - - - - - - -
8 others [lower-alpha 2] 0- - - - - - - -
Electorate: 47  Valid: 45  Spoilt: 0  Quota: 23  Turnout: 45
  1. Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Foxford, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
  2. Earl of Albemarle, Earl Alexander of Tunis, Lord Biddulph, Lord Cadman, Lord Killearn, Earl of Kinnoull, Viscount Massereene and Ferrard (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Oriel, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), and Lord Vivian

After the death of the Lord Ampthill:

Hereditary peers' by-election (whole House eligible to vote), July 2011 [29]
PartyCandidateCount 1Count 2Count 3Count 4Count 5Count 6Count 7Count 8Count 9Count 10Count 11Count 12Count 13Count 14Count 15
Crossbench Green check.svgY Viscount Colville of Culross 77777878787879798080818894101126
Crossbench Duke of Somerset 7676 76 76 76 7878 78 79 808186 91 98 104
Crossbench Lord Hacking 5252 52 52 52 54 54 56 56 57 59 60 66 73 -
Conservative Earl of Stockton 2828 29 29 29 29 29 29 30 33 33 33 38 - -
Liberal Democrats Lord Kennet 1717 17 17 17 17 17 18 18 19 26 26 - - -
Crossbench Earl of Shaftesbury 1213 13 13 13 14 16 16 16 17 18 - - - -
Liberal Democrats Earl of Carlisle 1212 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 - - - - -
Conservative Earl of Limerick [lower-alpha 1] 67 7 7 7 7 7 9 12 - - - - - -
Conservative Lord Margadale 56 6 6 7 7 7 8 - - - - - - -
Conservative Earl of Kinnoull 77 7 7 7 7 7 - - - - - - - -
Conservative Viscount Hood 55 5 6 6 6 - - - - - - - - -
Crossbench Lord Cromwell 44 4 4 5 - - - - - - - - - -
Conservative Lord Killearn 33 3 3 - - - - - - - - - - -
Crossbench Lord Cadman 33 3 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Crossbench Earl of Albemarle 33 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Conservative Lord Biddulph 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Conservative Lord Tryon 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Conservative Lord Vivian 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Others2 others [lower-alpha 2] 0--------------
Electorate: 769  Valid: 313  Spoilt: 3  Quota: 157  Turnout: 316
  1. Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Foxford, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
  2. Lord Napier of Magdala and Lord Rowallan

2013

After the death of Earl Ferrers:

Conservative hereditary peers' by-election, February 2013 [30]
CandidateCount 1Count 2Count 3Count 4Count 5Count 6Count 7Count 8Count 9Count 10Count 11Count 12Count 13Count 14
Green check.svgY Viscount Ridley 1414151515151515161818202124
Viscount Hailsham [lower-alpha 1] 1010 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 11
Earl of Harrowby 44 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 8
Lord de Ramsey 22 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 5 5 6 -
Marquess of Abergavenny 33 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 - -
Earl of Stockton 22 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 - - -
Lord Borwick 22 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 - - - -
Earl of Oxford and Asquith 12 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 - - - - -
Lord Windlesham 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 - - - - - -
Lord Vivian 11 1 1 1 1 1 - - - - - - -
Lord Swansea 11 1 1 1 1 - - - - - - - -
Lord Monson 11 1 1 1 - - - - - - - - -
Lord Margadale 11 1 1 - - - - - - - - - -
Lord Darling 11 1 - - - - - - - - - - -
Earl of Clanwilliam [lower-alpha 2] 11 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Lord Ampthill 1- - - - - - - - - - - - -
11 others [lower-alpha 3] 0- - - - - - - - - - - - -
Electorate: 48  Valid: 46  Spoilt: 0  Quota: 23  Turnout: 46
  1. Created Baron Hailsham of Kettlethorpe for Life in 2015
  2. Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Clanwilliam, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
  3. Lord Biddulph, Lord Cadman, Earl of Cromer, Viscount Gormanston (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Gormanston, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Lord Harlech, Lord Killearn, Earl of Onslow, Lord Parmoor, Lord Rowallan, Lord Somerleyton, and Lord Sudeley

After the death of the Lord Reay:

Hereditary peers' by-election (whole House eligible to vote), July 2013 [31]
PartyCandidateCount 1Count 2Count 3Count 4Count 5Count 6Count 7Count 8Count 9Count 10Count 11Count 12Count 13Count 14Count 15Count 16Count 17
Conservative Green check.svgY Lord Borwick 104105105106106107109109109110112113114117120135160
Conservative Viscount Hailsham [lower-alpha 1] 104104 105105 106106 106 106 106 106 107 107 108 112 113117129
Conservative Earl of Stockton 3434 34 34 34 34 34 34 36 38 39 41 42 44 5661-
Conservative Earl of Harrowby 2323 23 23 23 23 23 23 24 24 26 26 27 29 31--
Liberal Democrats Lord Kennet 1717 17 17 17 19 19 19 19 19 19 20 20 20 ---
Conservative Lord Swansea 89 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 10 11 13 - ---
Conservative Lord Ampthill 66 7 7 8 8 8 9 10 10 10 10 - - ---
Crossbench Lord Napier and Ettrick 66 6 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 - - - ---
Conservative Lord Margadale 66 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 - - - - ---
Conservative Lord Windlesham 44 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 - - - - - ---
Conservative Lord Rowallan 44 4 4 4 4 4 4 - - - - - - ---
Conservative Earl of Onslow 33 3 3 3 3 3 - - - - - - - ---
UKIP Viscount Massereene and Ferrard [lower-alpha 2] 33 3 3 3 3 - - - - - - - - ---
Liberal Democrats Earl of Carlisle 33 3 3 3 - - - - - - - - - ---
Crossbench Earl of Albemarle 33 3 3 - - - - - - - - - - ---
Crossbench Lord Hemphill 22 2 - - - - - - - - - - - ---
Conservative Lord Biddulph 22 - - - - - - - - - - - - ---
Conservative Lord Cadman 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - ---
Conservative Lord Harlech 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - ---
Others4 others [lower-alpha 3] 0----------------
Electorate: 753  Valid: 334  Spoilt: 2  Quota: 167  Turnout: 336
  1. Created Baron Hailsham of Kettlethorpe for Life in 2015
  2. Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Oriel, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
  3. Lord Fisher, Lord Morris, Lord Ogmore, and Lord Sudeley

2014

After the death of the Lord Moran:

Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, April 2014 [32]
CandidateCount 1Count 2Count 3Count 4Count 5
Green check.svgY Lord Cromwell 910101213
Lord Russell of Liverpool 77 7 9 12
Lord Sempill 44 5 5 -
Lord Aldington 44 5 - -
Lord Thurlow 22 - - -
Lord Napier and Ettrick 1- - - -
7 others [lower-alpha 1] 0- - - -
Electorate: 29  Valid: 27  Spoilt: 0  Quota: 14  Turnout: 27
  1. Earl of Albemarle, Lord Darling, Lord Hacking, Lord Harlech, Viscount Massereene and Ferrard (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Oriel, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Lord Monson, and Earl Temple of Stowe

After the death of the Lord Methuen:

Hereditary peers' by-election (whole House eligible to vote), October 2014 [33]
PartyCandidateCount 1
Liberal Democrats Green check.svgY Earl of Oxford and Asquith 155
Crossbench Lord Napier and Ettrick 35
Conservative Earl of Stockton 31
Liberal Democrats Lord Kennet 29
Conservative Lord Margadale 13
Crossbench Viscount Massereene and Ferrard [lower-alpha 1] 6
Crossbench Lord Somerleyton 6
Conservative Lord Harlech 4
Crossbench Lord Calverley 1
Conservative Lord Layton 1
Conservative Lord Middleton 1
Conservative Lord Sudeley 1
Others3 others [lower-alpha 2] 0
Electorate: 776  Valid: 283  Spoilt: 0  Quota: 142  Turnout: 283
  1. Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Oriel, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
  2. Lord Biddulph, Lord Cadman, and Lord Rowallan

After the death of the Viscount Allenby of Megiddo:

Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, December 2014 [34]
CandidateCount 1Count 2Count 3Count 4Count 5
Green check.svgY Lord Russell of Liverpool 78101013
Duke of Somerset 44 4 5 5
Lord Thurlow 44 4 5 5
Lord Napier and Ettrick 33 3 4 -
Earl of Kinnoull 33 3 - -
Viscount Hood 33 - - -
Earl of Clanwilliam [lower-alpha 1] 1- - - -
11 others [lower-alpha 2] 0- - - -
Electorate: 27  Valid: 25  Spoilt: 0  Quota: 13  Turnout: 25
  1. Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Clanwilliam, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
  2. Earl of Albemarle, Lord Aldington, Lord Cadman, Lord Calverley, Lord Darling, Lord Grantley, Lord Harlech, Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor, Viscount Massereene and Ferrard (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Oriel, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Lord Sempill, and Lord Sudeley

After the retirement of the Lord Cobbold:

Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, December 2014 [34]
CandidateCount 1Count 2Count 3Count 4Count 5
Green check.svgY Duke of Somerset 67 8 8 12
Lord Thurlow 8891011
Earl of Kinnoull 44 4 5 -
Lord Napier and Ettrick 33 3 - -
Viscount Hood 33 - - -
Earl of Clanwilliam [lower-alpha 1] 1- - - -
11 others [lower-alpha 2] 0- - - -
Electorate: 27  Valid: 25  Spoilt: 0  Quota: 13  Turnout: 25
  1. Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Clanwilliam, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
  2. Earl of Albemarle, Lord Aldington, Lord Cadman, Lord Calverley, Lord Darling, Lord Grantley, Lord Harlech, Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor, Viscount Massereene and Ferrard (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Oriel, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Lord Sempill, and Lord Sudeley

2015

After the retirement of the Lord Chorley:

Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, February 2015 [35]
CandidateCount 1Count 2Count 3Count 4Count 5Count 6
Green check.svgY Lord Thurlow 89991013
Viscount Hood 44 4 4 4 4
Lord Napier and Ettrick 33 3 3 3 3
Earl of Cork and Orrery [lower-alpha 1] 22 3 3 3 3
Lord Sempill 22 2 3 3 3
Lord Aldington 22 2 2 3 -
Earl of Kinnoull 22 2 2 - -
Lord Hemphill 11 1 - - -
Earl of Clanwilliam [lower-alpha 2] 11 - - - -
Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor 1- - - - -
8 others [lower-alpha 3] 0- - - - -
Electorate: 28  Valid: 26  Spoilt: 0  Quota: 13  Turnout: 26
  1. Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Boyle of Marston, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
  2. Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Clanwilliam, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
  3. Earl of Albemarle, Lord Cadman, Lord Darling, Lord Hampton, Duke of Marlborough, Viscount Mountgarret (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Mountgarret, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Lord Sudeley, and Lord Tryon

After the retirement of the Lady Saltoun of Abernethy:

Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, February 2015 [35]
CandidateCount 1Count 2Count 3Count 4Count 5Count 6
Green check.svgY Earl of Kinnoull 9910101112
Viscount Hood 44 4 4 4 5
Lord Sempill 23 3 3 4 4
Lord Napier and Ettrick 33 3 3 3 3
Earl of Cork and Orrery [lower-alpha 1] 22 2 3 3 -
Lord Aldington 22 2 2 - -
Earl of Clanwilliam [lower-alpha 2] 11 1 - - -
Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor 11 - - - -
Lord Hemphill 1- - - - -
8 others [lower-alpha 3] 0- - - - -
Electorate: 28  Valid: 26  Spoilt: 0  Quota: 13  Turnout: 26
  1. Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Boyle of Marston, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
  2. Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Clanwilliam, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
  3. Earl of Albemarle, Lord Cadman, Lord Darling, Lord Hampton, Duke of Marlborough, Viscount Mountgarret (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Mountgarret, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Lord Sudeley, and Lord Tryon

After the retirement of the Viscount Tenby:

Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, July 2015 [36]
CandidateCount 1Count 2Count 3Count 4Count 5Count 6
Green check.svgY Lord Mountevans 9999910
Lord Aldington 34 5 5 5 5
Viscount Hood 33 4 5 5 5
Lord Sempill 33 3 3 4 -
Earl of Albemarle 22 2 2 - -
Lord Napier and Ettrick 22 2 - - -
Lord Darling 22 - - - -
Lord Trevethin and Oaksey 1- - - - -
11 others [lower-alpha 1] 0- - - - -
Electorate: 28  Valid: 25  Spoilt: 0  Quota: 13  Turnout: 25
  1. Lord Cadman, Lord Cawley, Earl of Cork and Orrery (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Boyle of Marston, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Lord Hampton, Lord Harlech, Lord Kilmarnock, Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor, Lord Oranmore and Browne (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Mereworth, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Lord Rathcavan, Duke of Rutland, and Lord Sudeley

After the retirement of the Lord Luke:

Conservative hereditary peers' by-election, September 2015 [37]
CandidateCount 1Count 2Count 3Count 4Count 5
Green check.svgY Duke of Wellington 1818181921
Marquess of Abergavenny 66 6 6 6
Earl of Harrowby 56 6 6 6
Earl Ferrers 33 4 4 5
Earl of Limerick [lower-alpha 1] 33 3 3 3
Lord Windlesham 33 3 3 -
Earl of Stockton 11 1 - -
Lord Swansea 11 - - -
Lord Middleton 1- - - -
7 others [lower-alpha 2] 0- - - -
Electorate: 48  Valid: 41  Quota: 21  Turnout: 41
  1. Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Foxford, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
  2. Lord Ampthill, Lord Biddulph, Viscount Massereene and Ferrard (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Oriel, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Viscount Mountgarret (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Mountgarret, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Lord Rathcavan, Lord Rowallan, and Lord Sudeley

After the retirement of the Viscount Montgomery of Alamein:

Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, October 2015 [38]
CandidateCount 1Count 2Count 3Count 4Count 5
Green check.svgY Lord Trevethin and Oaksey 1011111112
Lord Aldington 66 6 6 7
Earl of Cork and Orrery [lower-alpha 1] 33 3 3 3
Lord Napier and Ettrick 33 3 3 -
Viscount Hood 22 2 - -
Lord Vaux of Harrowden 11 - - -
Lord Clifford of Chudleigh 1- - - -
10 others [lower-alpha 2] 0- - - -
Electorate: 29  Valid: 26  Spoilt: 0  Quota: 13  Turnout: 26
  1. Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Boyle of Marston, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
  2. Earl of Albemarle, Lord Cadman, Lord Darling, Lord Harlech, Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor, Viscount Massereene and Ferrard (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Oriel, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Lord Monson, Duke of Rutland, Lord Southampton, and Lord Sudeley

After the death of the Lord Montagu of Beaulieu:

Conservative hereditary peers' by-election, November 2015 [39]
CandidateCount 1Count 2Count 3Count 4Count 5Count 6Count 7Count 8Count 9Count 10
Green check.svgY Lord Fairfax of Cameron 9101010101315162127
Earl of Harrowby 88 8 9 9 9 9 12 12 14
Lord Windlesham 77 7 7 7 8 9 9 10 -
Lord Colgrain 66 6 6 6 6 6 6 - -
Lord de Ramsey 33 3 3 4 4 4 - - -
Marquess of Abergavenny 33 4 4 4 4 - - - -
Earl of Limerick [lower-alpha 1] 33 3 3 4 - - - - -
Earl of Stockton 22 2 2 - - - - - -
Lord Ashcombe 11 1 - - - - - - -
Earl Ferrers 11 - - - - - - - -
Lord Middleton 1- - - - - - - - -
3 others [lower-alpha 2] 0- - - - - - - - -
Electorate: 48  Valid: 44  Spoilt: 0  Quota: 22  Turnout: 44
  1. Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Foxford, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
  2. Lord Biddulph, Lord Cadman, and Lord Swansea

2016

After the death of the Lord Avebury:

Liberal Democrat hereditary peers' by-election, April 2016 [40]
CandidateCount 1
Green check.svgY Viscount Thurso 3
6 others [lower-alpha 1] 0
Electorate: 3  Valid: 3  Spoilt: 0  Quota: 2  Turnout: 3

After the removal for non-attendance of the Lord Bridges:

Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, July 2016 [41]
CandidateCount 1Count 2Count 3Count 4Count 5Count 6Count 7
Green check.svgY Earl of Cork and Orrery [lower-alpha 1] 12121212121315
Lord Vaux of Harrowden 55 5 5 7 8 8
Viscount Hood 23 4 5 5 6 -
Lord Hemphill 33 3 3 3 - -
Lord Aldington 22 2 2 - - -
Earl of Albemarle 11 1 - - - -
Earl of Limerick [lower-alpha 2] 11 - - - - -
Lord Napier and Ettrick 1- - - - - -
9 others [lower-alpha 3] 0- - - - - -
Electorate: 31  Valid: 27  Spoilt: 0  Quota: 14  Turnout: 27
  1. Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Boyle of Marston, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
  2. Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Foxford, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
  3. Lord Cadman, Lord Darling, Lord Hankey, Viscount Massereene and Ferrard (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Oriel, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Lord Oranmore and Browne (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Mereworth, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Viscount Powerscourt (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Powerscourt, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Duke of Rutland, Lord Somerleyton, and Lord Southampton

2017

After the death of the Lord Lyell:

Hereditary peers' by-election (whole House eligible to vote), March 2017 [42]
PartyCandidateCount 1Count 2Count 3Count 4Count 5Count 6Count 7Count 8Count 9Count 10Count 11Count 12Count 13Count 14Count 15Count 16Count 17Count 18Count 19Count 20Count 21Count 22Count 23Count 24Count 25
Conservative Green check.svgY Lord Colgrain 104104104104104104104105105105108108108109109109111111113115118118126137143
Conservative Lord Bethell 5454 54 55 55 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 57 59606262646870768290108
Conservative Earl of Stockton 3434 34 34 34 34 35 35 37 38 38 39 39 41 41424344454649585962-
Conservative Marquess of Abergavenny 2727 27 27 27 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 292930313235363738--
Conservative Earl of Harrowby 1515 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 16 16 1616171719202323---
Liberal Democrats Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor 1212 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 13 14 14 14 14141523232323----
Conservative Lord Windlesham 1414 14 14 14 14 14 15 15 15 15 15 16 16 161617171718-----
Conservative Lord Napier and Ettrick 1414 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 15 15 15 15 16 1616161616------
Crossbench Lord Darling 99 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 11141414-------
Liberal Democrats Lord Kennet 910 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 12 12 12 131414--------
Conservative Lord Strathcarron 88 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 99---------
Crossbench Viscount Powerscourt [lower-alpha 1] 66 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7----------
Crossbench Lord Mostyn 66 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 -----------
Conservative Earl of Limerick [lower-alpha 2] 55 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 - -----------
Conservative Lord Swansea 44 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 - - -----------
Liberal Democrats Lord Harlech 44 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 - - - -----------
Conservative Lord Macpherson of Drumochter 44 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 - - - - -----------
Conservative Earl Alexander of Tunis 33 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 - - - - - -----------
Crossbench Viscount Hood 22 2 2 2 2 2 2 - - - - - - -----------
Conservative Viscount Addison 22 2 2 2 2 2 - - - - - - - -----------
Conservative Viscount Mountgarret [lower-alpha 3] 22 2 2 2 2 - - - - - - - - -----------
Conservative Lord Biddulph 22 2 2 2 - - - - - - - - - -----------
Independent Lord Gainford 22 2 2 - - - - - - - - - - -----------
Crossbench Lord Hampton 22 2 - - - - - - - - - - - -----------
Crossbench Lord Somerleyton 11 - - - - - - - - - - - - -----------
Crossbench Lord Hankey 1- - - - - - - - - - - - - -----------
Conservative Lord Cadman 0- - - - - - - - - - - - - -----------
Electorate: 803  Valid: 346  Spoilt: 0  Quota: 173  Turnout: 346
  1. Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Powerscourt, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
  2. Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Foxford, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
  3. Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Mountgarret, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland

After the retirement of the Lord Walpole:

Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, July 2017 [43]
CandidateCount 1
Green check.svgY Lord Vaux of Harrowden 16
Lord Aldington 4
Lord Mostyn 4
Lord Darling 1
Lord Hemphill 1
Viscount Powerscourt [lower-alpha 1] 1
3 others [lower-alpha 2] 0
Electorate: 31  Valid: 27  Spoilt: 0  Quota: 14  Turnout: 27
  1. Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Powerscourt, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
  2. Lord Cadman, Lord Hayter, and Lord Somerleyton

2018

After the retirement of the Earl Baldwin of Bewdley:

Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, July 2018 [44]
CandidateCount 1Count 2Count 3Count 4Count 5Count 6
Green check.svgY Earl of Devon 789101012
Lord Ravensdale 44 5 5 5 5
Lord Aldington 44 4 4 4 4
Earl of Eldon 22 2 2 3 3
Duke of Hamilton and Brandon 22 2 2 2 -
Viscount Hood 22 2 2 - -
Lord Bridges 22 2 - - -
Earl of Carnarvon 22 - - - -
Lord Meston 1- - - - -
9 others [lower-alpha 1] 0- - - - -
Electorate: 31  Valid: 26  Spoilt: 0  Quota: 13  Turnout: 26
  1. Earl of Albemarle, Earl of Effingham, Lord Glenconner, Lord Hankey, Lord Monson, Lord Mostyn, Viscount Mountgarret (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Mountgarret, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Viscount Powerscourt (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Powerscourt, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), and Lord Wigram

    After the retirement of the Lord Glentoran:

    Conservative hereditary peers' by-election, July 2018 [46]
    CandidateCount 1
    Green check.svgY Lord Bethell 26
    Marquess of Abergavenny 6
    Earl De La Warr 4
    Lord Ashcombe 2
    Lord Napier and Ettrick 2
    Lord Reay 1
    Earl of Stockton 1
    Lord Windlesham 1
    3 others [lower-alpha 1] 0
    Electorate: 47  Valid: 43  Spoilt: 0  Quota: 22  Turnout: 43
    1. Lord Biddulph, Viscount Mountgarret (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Mountgarret, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Lord Rowallan

    After the retirement of the Lord Northbourne:

    Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, November 2018 [47]
    CandidateCount 1Count 2Count 3Count 4Count 5
    Green check.svgY Lord Carrington 1111111214
    Lord Ravensdale 88 9 9 9
    Earl of Eldon 34 4 4 5
    Lord Meston 22 2 3 -
    Lord Aldington 22 2 - -
    Duke of Hamilton and Brandon 22 - - -
    Viscount Powerscourt [lower-alpha 1] 1- - - -
    4 others [lower-alpha 2] 0- - - -
    Electorate: 31  Valid: 29  Spoilt: 0  Quota: 15  Turnout: 29
    1. Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Powerscourt, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
    2. Earl of Albemarle, Lord Bridges, Earl of Limerick (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Foxford, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), and Lord Southampton

    2019

    After the death of the Lord Skelmersdale:

    Hereditary peers' by-election (whole House eligible to vote), January 2019 [48]
    PartyCandidateCount 1Count 2Count 3Count 4Count 5Count 6Count 7Count 8Count 9Count 10Count 11
    Conservative Green check.svgY Lord Reay 73737373747878818794110
    Conservative Earl of Leicester 4646 46 46 47 52 53 58 62 74 93
    Conservative Lord Strathcarron 3232 32 33 37 39 39 41 44 49 -
    Conservative Lord Napier and Ettrick 2424 24 24 25 28 32 36 39 - -
    Conservative Earl of Carnarvon 2020 20 22 23 24 24 25 - - -
    Conservative Earl of Stockton 1818 18 18 19 19 21 - - - -
    Crossbench Lord Hampton 1011 15 16 17 17 - - - - -
    Conservative Lord Ashcombe 1313 13 13 15 - - - - - -
    Conservative Lord Windlesham 1212 12 12 - - - - - - -
    Crossbench Earl of Effingham 55 5 - - - - - - - -
    Crossbench Viscount Powerscourt [lower-alpha 1] 45 - - - - - - - - -
    Conservative Viscount Mountgarret [lower-alpha 2] 1- - - - - - - - - -
    Crossbench Lord Oranmore and Browne [lower-alpha 3] 1- - - - - - - - - -
    Others3 others [lower-alpha 4] 0----------
    Electorate: 785  Valid: 259  Spoilt: 0  Quota: 130  Turnout: 259 (33%)
    1. Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Powerscourt, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
    2. Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Mountgarret, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
    3. Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Mereworth, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
    4. Lord Biddulph, Lord Cadman, and Lord Southampton

    After the death of the Viscount Slim:

    Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, March 2019 [49]
    CandidateCount 1
    Green check.svgY Lord Ravensdale 18
    Lord Meston 4
    Earl of Albemarle 1
    Lord Aldington 1
    Lord de Ramsey 1
    Lord Dormer 1
    Lord Glenconner 1
    Lord Hankey 1
    6 others [lower-alpha 1] 0
    Electorate: 31  Valid: 28  Spoilt: 0  Quota: 14  Turnout: 28
    1. Earl of Effingham, Lord Hampton, Viscount Mountgarret (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Mountgarret, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Viscount Powerscourt (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Powerscourt, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Lord Southampton, and Lord Spens

    2021

    Normally, by-elections must be held within three months of a vacancy occurring, [3] but in response to the COVID-19 pandemic the House resolved in March 2020 to suspend any by-elections. Although this initial suspension was only until 8 September 2020, successive further motions extended this arrangement. [50] [51] [52] [53] Ultimately by-elections resumed in June 2021 with multiple elections held to fill six vacancies. [54]

    After the retirements of the Earl of Selborne and the Lord Denham, and the removal for non-attendance of the Lord Selsdon:

    Conservative hereditary peers' by-election, June 2021 [55]
    CandidateCount 1Count 2Count 3Count 4Count 5Count 6Count 7Count 8
    Green check.svgY Lord Sandhurst 109999999
    Green check.svgY Earl of Leicester 77.3 8.3 9.39.39.39.39.3
    Green check.svgY Lord Altrincham 66.3 6.3 6.3 7.3 7.6 7.6 9.6
    Lord Harlech 44.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 5.1 7.1 7.1
    Marquess of Abergavenny 33 3 3 3 3 3 -
    Earl De La Warr 22 2 2 2 2 - -
    Lord Strathcarron 11.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 - - -
    Lord Windlesham 11 1 1 - - - -
    Lord Ashcombe 11 1 - - - - -
    Earl of Carnarvon 11 - - - - - -
    11 others [lower-alpha 1] 0- - - - - - -
    Electorate: 43  Valid: 36  Spoilt: 0  Quota: 9  Turnout: 36
    1. Lord Biddulph, Lord Dormer, Earl of Dundonald, Lord Elibank, Earl of Limerick (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Foxford, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Lord Margadale, Viscount Mountgarret (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Mountgarret, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Lord Napier and Ettrick, Lord Rowallan, Earl of Stockton, and Lord Wrottesley

    After the retirement of the Countess of Mar:

    Hereditary peers' by-election (whole House eligible to vote), June 2021 [56]
    PartyCandidateCount 1Count 2Count 3Count 4Count 5Count 6Count 7
    Crossbench Green check.svgY Lord Londesborough 114116116116121129147
    Crossbench Lord Meston 6666 66 67 70 75 80
    Crossbench Lord Chorley 3233 34 35 37 46 50
    Crossbench Lord de Clifford 2730 32 34 35 38 -
    Crossbench Lord Hampton 3131 31 32 34 - -
    Crossbench Lord Somerleyton 1819 20 20 - - -
    Crossbench Earl of Albemarle 1313 14 - - - -
    Crossbench Lord Birkett 88 - - - - -
    Crossbench Lord Milverton 6- - - - - -
    Crossbench Earl of Effingham 2- - - - - -
    Electorate: 786  Valid: 317  Spoilt: 0  Quota: 159  Turnout: 317

    After the death of the Lord Rea:

    Labour hereditary peers' by-election, July 2021 [57]
    CandidateCount 1
    Green check.svgY Viscount Stansgate unopposed

    After the retirement of the Lord Elton:

    Hereditary peers' by-election (whole House eligible to vote), July 2021 [58]
    PartyCandidateCount 1Count 2Count 3Count 4Count 5Count 6Count 7Count 8Count 9Count 10Count 11
    Conservative Green check.svgY Lord Harlech 67676768697071737784100
    Conservative Lord Strathcarron 4647 47 47 47 49 49 50 51 61 69
    Conservative Earl of Stockton 3131 31 32 33 37 38 41 47 59 -
    Conservative Earl of Carnarvon 1314 14 14 17 17 18 21 24 - -
    Conservative Earl De La Warr 1515 15 15 15 15 19 22 22 - -
    Conservative Earl of Limerick [lower-alpha 1] 1212 13 13 14 15 18 19 - - -
    Conservative Lord Margadale 1414 15 15 15 15 17 - - - -
    Conservative Lord de Ramsey 1111 11 11 12 14 - - - - -
    Conservative Lord Windlesham 1010 10 11 12 - - - - - -
    Conservative Lord Napier and Ettrick 77 8 9 - - - - - - -
    Conservative Lord Dormer 55 5 - - - - - - - -
    Conservative Lord Elibank 44 - - - - - - - - -
    Conservative Viscount Mountgarret [lower-alpha 2] 2- - - - - - - - - -
    Electorate: over 750  Valid: 237  Spoilt: 0  Quota: 119  Turnout: 237
    1. Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Foxford, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
    2. Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Mountgarret, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland

    After the death of the Viscount Simon:

    Hereditary peers' by-election (whole House eligible to vote), November 2021 [59]
    PartyCandidateCount 1
    Labour Green check.svgY Lord Hacking 159
    Labour Lord Kennet 82
    Conservative Lord Biddulph 23
    Electorate: 783  Valid: 264  Spoilt: 0  Quota: 132  Turnout: 264

    2022

    After the retirement of the Viscount Ridley:

    Conservative hereditary peers' by-election, February 2022 [60]
    CandidateCount 1Count 2
    Green check.svgY Lord Strathcarron 1718
    Viscount Camrose 66
    Lord Ashcombe 55
    Earl of Limerick [lower-alpha 1] 34
    Earl De La Warr 33
    Viscount Monckton of Brenchley 1-
    Lord Windlesham 1-
    3 others [lower-alpha 2] 0-
    Electorate: 45  Valid: 36  Spoilt: 0  Quota: 18  Turnout: 36
    1. Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Foxford, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
    2. Lord Biddulph, Lord Dormer, and Earl of Dudley

    After the retirement of the Lord Rotherwick:

    Conservative hereditary peers' by-election, March 2022 [61]
    CandidateCount 1
    Green check.svgY Viscount Camrose 20
    Lord Ashcombe 12
    Earl of Limerick [lower-alpha 1] 3
    Lord Napier and Ettrick 1
    Lord Windlesham 1
    4 others [lower-alpha 2] 0
    Electorate: 46  Valid: 37  Spoilt: 0  Quota: 19  Turnout: 37
    1. Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Foxford, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
    2. Lord Baillieu, Lord Biddulph, Lord Ironside, and Lord Rowallan

    After the retirement of the Lord Brabazon of Tara, and the death of the Lord Swinfen:

    Conservative hereditary peers' by-election, July 2022 [62]
    CandidateCount 1Count 2Count 3Count 4Count 5
    Green check.svgY Lord Remnant 2213.6713.6713.6713.67
    Green check.svgY Lord Wrottesley 57.59 7.59 8.59 12.33
    Lord Ashcombe 79.96 9.96 9.96 12.07
    Earl of Limerick [lower-alpha 1] 12.85 2.85 2.85 -
    Lord Ashbourne 22.37 2.37 2.37 -
    Earl of Balfour 11.37 1.37 1.37 -
    Lord Dormer 11 1 1 -
    Lord Windlesham 11 1 1 -
    Lord Elibank 11 1 - -
    3 others [lower-alpha 2] 0- - - -
    Electorate: 45  Valid: 41  Spoilt: 0  Quota: 13.66  Turnout: 41
    1. Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Foxford, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
    2. Lord Baillieu, Lord Biddulph, and Earl of Dudley

    After the retirements of the Viscount Ullswater, and the Lord Colwyn:

    Hereditary peers' by-election (whole House eligible to vote), October 2022 [63]
    PartyCandidateCount 1Count 2Count 3Count 4Count 5Count 6Count 7Count 8Count 9Count 10Count 11Count 12Count 13Count 14Count 15Count 16Count 17
    Conservative Green check.svgY Lord Roborough 3636363636363636363737383839454658
    Conservative Green check.svgY Earl of Minto 3131 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 32 34 35 38 424451
    Conservative Lord Hazlerigg 2121 21 22 22 22 22 22 23 24 24 24 25 27 293236
    Conservative Lord Ashcombe 1818 18 18 18 19 19 19 21 21 21 21 21 22 2628-
    Conservative Lord Windlesham 1313 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 15 17 18 21 22 22--
    Conservative Earl of Effingham 1313 13 13 14 14 14 14 15 16 16 17 18 21 ---
    Conservative Lord Rossmore 1313 13 14 14 14 14 14 14 15 16 16 17 - ---
    Conservative Lord Baillieu 77 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 10 10 12 - - ---
    Conservative Earl of Balfour 88 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 - - - ---
    Conservative Earl of Limerick [lower-alpha 1] 66 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 - - - - ---
    Conservative Marquess of Bristol 66 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 - - - - - ---
    Conservative Marquess of Abergavenny 44 4 4 4 5 5 5 - - - - - - ---
    Independent Earl of Dudley 44 4 4 4 4 4 - - - - - - - ---
    Conservative Lord Ashbourne 33 3 3 3 3 - - - - - - - - ---
    Conservative Lord Rowallan 22 2 2 3 - - - - - - - - - ---
    Conservative Lord Napier and Ettrick 22 2 2 - - - - - - - - - - ---
    Conservative Lord Dormer 11 1 - - - - - - - - - - - ---
    Conservative Lord Ironside 11 1 - - - - - - - - - - - ---
    Conservative Lord Elibank 11 - - - - - - - - - - - - ---
    Others2 others [lower-alpha 2] 0----------
    Electorate: 757  Valid: 190  Spoilt: 0  Quota: 48.3  Turnout: 190
    1. Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Foxford, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
    2. Earl of Eglinton and Winton and Lord Glendyne

    After the retirement of the Earl of Listowel:

    Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, October 2022 [64]
    CandidateCount 1Count 2
    Green check.svgY Lord Hampton 911
    Lord Meston 710
    Viscount Norwich 2-
    Viscount Rochdale 2-
    Lord de Clifford 1-
    Lord Walpole 1-
    4 others [lower-alpha 1] 0-
    Electorate: 30  Valid: 22  Spoilt: 0  Quota: 11  Turnout: 22

    After the retirement of the Lord Astor of Hever, and the death of the Earl of Home:

    Conservative hereditary peers' by-election, October 2022 [65]
    CandidateCount 1Count 2Count 3Count 4Count 5Count 6
    Green check.svgY Earl of Effingham 68 9 9 1512
    Green check.svgY Lord Ashcombe 1010101011 14
    Lord Hazlerigg 88 8 9 10 10
    Marquess of Abergavenny 44 4 5 - -
    Marquess of Bristol 33 4 4 - -
    Earl of Limerick [lower-alpha 1] 22 2 - - -
    Earl of Eglinton and Winton 22 - - - -
    Lord Rossmore 1- - - - -
    Lord Windlesham 1- - - - -
    11 others [lower-alpha 2] 0- - - - -
    Electorate: 41  Valid: 37  Spoilt: 0  Quota: 12  Turnout: 37
    1. Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Foxford, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
    2. Lord Ashbourne, Lord Baillieu, Earl of Balfour, Lord Biddulph, Lord Dormer, Earl of Dudley, Lord Elibank, Lord Glendyne, Lord Ironside, Lord Napier and Ettrick, and Lord Rowallan

    2023

    After the retirement of the Viscount Falkland:

    Hereditary peers' by-election (whole House eligible to vote), June 2023 [66]
    PartyCandidateCount 1
    Liberal Democrats Green check.svgY Earl Russell 123
    Liberal Democrats Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor 55
    Liberal Democrats Lord Belhaven and Stenton 34
    Electorate: over 750  Valid: 212  Spoilt: 0  Quota: 106  Turnout: 212

    After the death of the Lord Palmer and the retirement of the Lord Hylton:

    Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, September 2023 [7]
    CandidateCount 1Count 2Count 3
    Green check.svgY Lord Meston 117.677.67
    Green check.svgY Lord de Clifford 56.5 9.5
    Lord Chorley 44.9 4.9
    Viscount Rochdale 00.6 0.6
    Lord Braybrooke 22.3 0.3
    Lord Aldington 11 -
    7 others [lower-alpha 1] 0- -
    Electorate: 32  Valid: 23  Spoilt: 0  Quota: 7.67  Turnout: 23
    1. Earl of Albemarle, Earl of Carnarvon, Earl Erne (Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Fermanagh, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Lord Sempill, Lord Somerleyton, Lord Southampton, Lord Walpole

    After the death of the Lord Brougham and Vaux:

    Hereditary peers' by-election (whole House eligible to vote), November 2023 [67]
    PartyCandidateCount 1Count 2Count 3Count 4Count 5Count 6Count 7Count 8Count 9
    Conservative Green check.svgY Lord Camoys 9797979799102104117133
    Conservative Marquess of Bristol 3939 39 40 40 41 42 46 52
    Conservative Lord Hamilton of Dalzell 3434 34 35 35 37 37 45 51
    Conservative Lord Rossmore 3737 37 37 38 38 38 43 -
    Conservative Lord Hazlerigg 1313 13 14 14 15 16 - -
    Conservative Earl of Eglinton and Winton 88 9 9 9 9 10 - -
    Conservative Lord Annaly 77 7 7 7 7 8 - -
    Conservative Lord Baillieu 67 7 7 7 7 - - -
    Conservative Viscount Falmouth 66 6 6 7 - - - -
    Conservative Lord Windlesham 44 5 5 - - - - -
    Conservative Viscount Mountgarret [lower-alpha 1] 33 3 - - - - - -
    Conservative Lord Ashbourne 33 - - - - - - -
    Conservative Lord Elibank 1- - - - - - - -
    Conservative Lord Napier and Ettrick 1- - - - - - - -
    Electorate: over 750  Valid: 259  Spoilt: 0  Quota: 130  Turnout: 259
    1. Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Mountgarret, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland

    Current vacancies

    The Earl of Sandwich, one of the 28 elected crossbench hereditary peers, retired from the House on 20 May 2024. [68]

    The Lord Willoughby de Broke, a non-affiliated peer who was originally elected as one of the 42 Conservative hereditary peers, ceased to be a member of the House on 9 July 2024 due to non-attendance. [69]

    Ordinarily, by-elections to fill vancancies would have been required within three months. However, on 25 July 2024, and in anticipation of imminent legislative debates on the abolition of the right of Hereditary Peers to sit in the Lords (see proposed abolition below), and reflecting views that "ongoing by-elections during the parliamentary consideration of a Bill would be deeply undesirable in this context", the House of Lords passed a motion to extend the deadline for holding a by-election to 18 months. [4]

    Proposed abolition

    In six parliamentary sessions between the years 2016 and 2024, Labour peer Lord Grocott sponsored a private member's bill to abolish by-elections, this would have resulted in vacancies not being filled and the number of hereditary peers in the House of Lords diminishing over time. [70] Labour MP John Spellar sponsored a similar private member's bill in three parliamentary sessions between the years 2021 and 2024. [71]

    In September 2024 the newly-elected Labour government introduced the House of Lords (Hereditary Peers) Bill. If enacted this would remove the right of the remaining hereditary peers to sit and vote in the House of Lords. [72]

    Historical by-elections of Scottish and Irish representative peers

    From the 1707 Act of Union to the passing of the Peerage Act 1963, peers in the Peerage of Scotland elected sixteen representative peers to sit in the House of Lords. Unlike Irish peers, however, Scottish representative peers only sat for the duration of one parliament before facing re-election. By-elections were held in the Palace of Holyroodhouse to replace deceased peers. After the passing of the Peerage Act 1963, all Scottish peers were entitled to sit in the House of Lords and the election procedure was abolished.

    The last Scottish representative peer by-election took place in 1959, when the Duke of Atholl was elected in place of the late Lord Sinclair.

    Also, from the 1801 Act of Union to Irish independence, 28 Irish representative peers were elected from and by the Peerage of Ireland to sit in the British House of Lords. [73] Like current hereditary peers, these representative peers sat for life terms and deceased peers were replaced in by-elections. Unlike modern hereditary peer by-elections, all peers in the Peerage of Ireland, even those who did not sit in the House of Lords, were entitled to vote. Upon the creation of the Irish Free State, the offices required to officiate these by-elections were abolished and thus no more were held, but those peers already elected kept their seats for the remainder of their lives. The last to sit in the Lords was Francis Needham, 4th Earl of Kilmorey, who died in 1961.

    See also

    Related Research Articles

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