By-elections to the House of Lords occur when vacancies arise among seats assigned to hereditary peers due to death, resignation, or disqualification. Candidates for these by-elections are limited to holders of hereditary peerages, and their electorates are made up of sitting Lords; in most cases the electorate are those sitting hereditary peers of the same party affiliation as the departed peer.
Following the enactment of the House of Lords Act 1999, the number of hereditary peers entitled to sit in the House of Lords was reduced to ninety-two. The Earl Marshal and the Lord Great Chamberlain were entitled to sit ex officio; the remaining ninety were elected by all the hereditary peers before the passing of the reform.
Before the passing of the 1999 Act, the Lords approved a Standing Order stating that the remaining hereditary peers shall consist of:
Prior to November 2002, vacancies were automatically filled by the highest performing unsuccessful candidate in the 1999 House of Lords election that elected the departed peer.
Elections are normally required to be held within three months of a vacancy occurring, [3] but from 25 July 2024 to 24 January 2026, elections must be held within eighteen months—in practice suspending by-elections whilst the role of hereditary peers in the Lords is debated (see House of Lords (Hereditary Peers) Bill). [4] [5]
The elections take place under the Alternative Vote system for elections to individual vacancies [6] and the Single Transferrable Vote for elections to fill multiple vacancies. [7] All those on the Register of Hereditary Peers are eligible to stand, but only sitting (the "excepted") hereditary peers of the group in question may vote for the seats reserved for a single parliamentary group. This can result in very small electorates, such as only three voters in the 2003 election of Lord Grantchester. [8] [9] For the 15 peers elected by the whole House, life peers may also vote.
As of September 2023, there have been 18 by-elections [10] among Conservative peers; 19 by-elections [11] among Crossbench peers; 2 among Liberal Democrat peers; and 2 among Labour peers. In addition, there have been 14 by-elections by the whole House.
Hereditary peers' by-election (whole House eligible to vote), March 2003 [12] | |||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Count 1 | Count 2 | Count 3 | Count 4 | Count 5 | Count 6 | Count 7 | Count 8 | Count 9 | Count 10 | Count 11 | Count 12 | Count 13 | Count 14 | Count 15 | Count 16 | Count 17 | Count 18 | ||
Conservative | Viscount Ullswater [13] | 86 | 89 | 89 | 91 | 91 | 94 | 95 | 101 | 103 | 109 | 111 | 114 | 116 | 123 | 123 | 127 | 144 | 151 | ||
Crossbench | Viscount Montgomery of Alamein | 46 | 46 | 46 | 46 | 48 | 49 | 49 | 53 | 54 | 56 | 56 | 61 | 63 | 66 | 68 | 80 | 95 | 116 | ||
Labour | Lord Grantchester | 57 | 58 | 59 | 59 | 59 | 59 | 59 | 59 | 60 | 60 | 61 | 62 | 64 | 65 | 83 | 92 | 93 | - | ||
Conservative | Viscount Eccles | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 37 | 37 | 41 | 43 | 44 | 46 | 47 | 48 | 53 | 53 | 55 | - | - | ||
Crossbench | Lord Meston | 39 | 40 | 40 | 42 | 42 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 45 | 48 | 48 | 48 | - | - | - | ||
Labour | Lord Monkswell | 26 | 26 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 29 | 29 | 31 | 31 | - | - | - | - | ||
Crossbench | Earl of Clancarty [lower-alpha 1] | 10 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 16 | 17 | 17 | 17 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Crossbench | Lord Rathcavan | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Viscount Trenchard | 10 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 13 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Viscount Weir | 10 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 13 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Earl Cathcart | 9 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 12 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Lord Norrie | 8 | 8 | 8 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 11 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Viscount Brentford | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Earl of Cranbrook | 5 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Earl of Stockton | 6 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 9 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Crossbench | Earl of Effingham | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Crossbench | Earl of Iveagh | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Lord de Ramsey | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Liberal Democrats | Earl of Carlisle | 3 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Crossbench | Earl Cairns | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Viscount Addison | 3 | 3 | 3 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Lord Birdwood | 3 | 3 | 3 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Liberal Democrats | Earl of Glasgow | 3 | 3 | 3 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Lord Vaux of Harrowden | 3 | 3 | 3 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Earl of Kinnoull | 2 | 3 | 3 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Lord de Mauley | 2 | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Lord Gray | 2 | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Viscount Hood | 2 | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Independent | Lord Kennet | 2 | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Viscount Torrington | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Lord Teynham | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Earl of Swinton | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Lord Strathcarron | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Lord Rowallan | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Lord Poole | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Lord Pender | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Crossbench | Lord Napier of Magdala | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Lord Morris | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Crossbench | Lord Lawrence | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Crossbench | Earl of Kintore | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Crossbench | Lord Gladwyn | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Crossbench | Earl of Cromer | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Crossbench | Lord Birkett | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Independent | Lord Ashbourne | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Others | 37 others [lower-alpha 2] | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Electorate: 661 Valid: 423 Spoilt: 3 Quota: 212 Turnout: 426 |
Labour hereditary peers' by-election, October 2003 [14] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Candidate | Count 1 | |||
Lord Grantchester [15] [13] | 2 | |||
Viscount Hanworth | 1 | |||
9 others [lower-alpha 1] | 0 | |||
Electorate: 3 Valid: 3 Spoilt: 0 Quota: 1 Turnout: 3 |
After the death of Lord Vivian:
Conservative hereditary peers' by-election, May 2004 [16] | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Candidate | Count 1 | Count 2 | Count 3 | Count 4 | Count 5 | Count 6 | Count 7 | Count 8 | Count 9 | Count 10 | Count 11 | |||
Viscount Trenchard | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 12 | 12 | 14 | 17 | 24 | |||
Viscount Eccles | 7 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 13 | 15 | 18 | |||
Earl Cathcart | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 10 | 11 | 13 | - | |||
Viscount Weir | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | - | - | |||
Viscount Torrington | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | - | - | - | |||
Lord de Mauley | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | - | - | - | - | |||
Lord Rathcavan | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | |||
Lord Terrington | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||
Lord Norrie | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||
Lord Harlech | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||
Viscount Brentford | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||
Viscount Addison | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||
25 others [lower-alpha 1] | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||
Electorate: 48 Valid: 45 Spoilt: 0 Quota: 23 Turnout: 45 |
After the death of the Earl Russell:
Liberal Democrat hereditary peers' by-election, January 2005 [17] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Candidate | Count 1 | |||
Earl of Glasgow | 4 | |||
2 others [lower-alpha 1] | 0 | |||
Electorate: 4 Valid: 4 Spoilt: 0 Quota: Turnout: 4 |
After the death of Lord Burnham:
Conservative hereditary peers' by-election, March 2005 [18] | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Candidate | Count 1 | Count 2 | Count 3 | Count 4 | Count 5 | Count 6 | Count 7 | Count 8 | Count 9 | Count 10 | |||
Lord de Mauley | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 16 | 21 | |||
Earl Cathcart | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 10 | 11 | 13 | |||
Viscount Eccles | 6 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 10 | - | |||
Viscount Torrington | 2 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 7 | 7 | - | - | |||
Earl of Stockton | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | - | - | - | |||
Viscount Weir | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | - | - | - | - | |||
Lord Rathcavan | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | |||
Lord de Ramsey | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||
Lord Norrie | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||
Lord Margadale | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||
Viscount Addison | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||
25 others [lower-alpha 1] | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||
Electorate: 47 Valid: 42 Spoilt: 0 Quota: 21 Turnout: 42 |
After the death of Lord Aberdare:
Hereditary peers' by-election (whole House eligible to vote), March 2005 [19] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Count 1 | Count 2 | Count 3 | Count 4 | Count 5 | Count 6 | Count 7 | Count 8 | Count 9 | Count 10 | Count 11 | Count 12 | Count 13 | Count 14 | Count 15 | Count 16 | Count 17 | Count 18 | Count 19 | Count 20 | Count 21 | Count 22 | Count 23 | Count 24 | ||
Conservative | Viscount Eccles | 92 | 92 | 92 | 92 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 94 | 94 | 96 | 96 | 98 | 102 | 104 | 111 | 119 | 129 | 146 | 168 | ||
Labour | Lord Monkswell | 63 | 63 | 63 | 63 | 63 | 63 | 63 | 63 | 63 | 63 | 64 | 64 | 64 | 64 | 64 | 64 | 64 | 64 | 64 | 64 | 64 | 65 | 65 | 67 | ||
Liberal Democrats | Earl of Carlisle | 49 | 49 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 53 | 54 | 54 | 55 | 59 | 61 | ||
Conservative | Earl Cathcart | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 32 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 36 | 38 | 40 | 41 | 44 | - | ||
Conservative | Earl of Stockton | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 27 | 31 | 34 | 35 | 39 | - | - | ||
Conservative | Lord Norrie | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 20 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 25 | 27 | 27 | 28 | 31 | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Viscount Torrington | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Lord de Ramsey | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 14 | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Crossbench | Lord Birkett | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 12 | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Lord Rathcavan | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 10 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Viscount Weir | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Lord Poole | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Viscount Hood | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Lord Margadale | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Lord Terrington | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Crossbench | Lord Tryon | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
UKIP | Duke of Rutland | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Viscount Addison | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Lord Vivian | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Lord Rowallan | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Viscount Massereene and Ferrard [lower-alpha 1] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Earl of Kinnoull | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Lord Killearn | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Crossbench | Lord Glanusk | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Crossbench | Lord Clifford of Chudleigh | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Earl Alexander of Tunis | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Others | 10 others [lower-alpha 2] | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Electorate: 687 Valid: 348 Spoilt: 4 Quota: 174 Turnout: 352 |
After the death of Baroness Strange:
Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, June 2005 [20] | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Candidate | Count 1 | Count 2 | Count 3 | Count 4 | Count 5 | Count 6 | |||
Viscount Montgomery of Alamein | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | |||
Earl of Effingham | 4 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | |||
Earl of Clancarty [lower-alpha 1] | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | - | |||
Earl of Stair | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | - | - | |||
Lord Gladwyn | 2 | 3 | 3 | - | - | - | |||
Earl of Iveagh | 2 | 2 | - | - | - | - | |||
Lord Milford | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | |||
19 others [lower-alpha 2] | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | |||
Electorate: 29 Valid: 28 Spoilt: 0 Quota: 14 Turnout: 28 |
After the death of Lord Mowbray and Stourton:
Conservative hereditary peers' by-election, March 2007 [21] | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Candidate | Count 1 | Count 2 | Count 3 | Count 4 | Count 5 | Count 6 | Count 7 | |||
Earl Cathcart | 10 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 16 | 21 | |||
Viscount Younger of Leckie | 12 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | |||
Earl of Stockton | 6 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 9 | 11 | - | |||
Viscount Torrington | 2 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 7 | - | - | |||
Lord Rathcavan | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | - | - | - | |||
Lord de Ramsey | 3 | 3 | 3 | - | - | - | - | |||
Viscount Weir | 1 | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | |||
Earl Alexander of Tunis | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||
Lord Birdwood | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||
Lord Chesham | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||
Earl of Iveagh | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||
Lord Margadale | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||
30 others [lower-alpha 1] | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||
Electorate: 47 Valid: 43 Spoilt: 0 Quota: 22 Turnout: 43 |
After the death of the Baroness Darcy de Knayth:
Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, May 2008 [22] | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Candidate | Count 1 | Count 2 | Count 3 | Count 4 | Count 5 | Count 6 | |||
Earl of Stair | 6 | 6 | 7 | 9 | 11 | 14 | |||
Earl of Clancarty [lower-alpha 1] | 7 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 10 | |||
Lord Aberdare | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | - | |||
Viscount Devonport | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | - | - | |||
Lord Cromwell | 2 | 3 | 3 | - | - | - | |||
Lord Darcy de Knayth | 2 | 2 | - | - | - | - | |||
Lord Milford | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | |||
Lord Terrington | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | |||
25 others [lower-alpha 2] | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | |||
Electorate: 29 Valid: 26 Spoilt: 0 Quota: 14 Turnout: 26 |
After the death of the Viscount Bledisloe:
Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, July 2009 [23] | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Candidate | Count 1 | Count 2 | Count 3 | Count 4 | Count 5 | |||
Lord Aberdare | 10 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 13 | |||
Lord Sempill | 2 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 5 | |||
Viscount Hood | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | |||
Earl of Clancarty [lower-alpha 1] | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | - | |||
Lord Hacking | 2 | 3 | 3 | - | - | |||
Duke of Somerset | 2 | 2 | - | - | - | |||
Lord Cromwell | 1 | - | - | - | - | |||
Earl of Effingham | 1 | - | - | - | - | |||
Lord Polwarth | 1 | - | - | - | - | |||
Lord Wrenbury | 1 | - | - | - | - | |||
23 others [lower-alpha 2] | 0 | - | - | - | - | |||
Electorate: 29 Valid: 27 Spoilt: 0 Quota: 13 Turnout: 27 |
After the death of the Viscount Colville of Culross:
Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, June 2010 [24] | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Candidate | Count 1 | Count 2 | Count 3 | Count 4 | Count 5 | |||
Earl of Clancarty [lower-alpha 1] | 10 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | |||
Earl of Lytton | 3 | 5 | 5 | 8 | 8 | |||
Viscount Hood | 3 | 4 | 5 | 5 | - | |||
Lord Sempill | 4 | 4 | 4 | - | - | |||
Viscount Runciman of Doxford | 2 | 3 | - | - | - | |||
Earl of Albemarle | 1 | - | - | - | - | |||
Earl Cairns | 1 | - | - | - | - | |||
Lord Cromwell | 1 | - | - | - | - | |||
Lord Hacking | 1 | - | - | - | - | |||
15 others [lower-alpha 2] | 0 | - | - | - | - | |||
Electorate: 29 Valid: 26 Spoilt: 0 Quota: 13 Turnout: 26 |
After the death of the Earl of Northesk:
Conservative hereditary peers' by-election, June 2010 [25] | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Candidate | Count 1 | Count 2 | Count 3 | |||
Viscount Younger of Leckie | 17 | 21 | 22 | |||
Earl of Stockton | 5 | 7 | 7 | |||
Lord Ashton of Hyde | 4 | 4 | 5 | |||
Lord Rathcavan | 3 | 3 | 4 | |||
Lord Colgrain | 2 | 3 | 3 | |||
Lord de Ramsey | 2 | 3 | 3 | |||
Marquess of Abergavenny | 2 | 2 | - | |||
Earl of Limerick [lower-alpha 1] | 2 | 2 | - | |||
Viscount Addison | 1 | - | - | |||
Lord Bethell | 1 | - | - | |||
Lord Birdwood | 1 | - | - | |||
Lord Bolton | 1 | - | - | |||
Viscount Gormanston [lower-alpha 2] | 1 | - | - | |||
Lord Gray | 1 | - | - | |||
Lord Harlech | 1 | - | - | |||
Lord Margadale | 1 | - | - | |||
17 others [lower-alpha 3] | 0 | - | - | |||
Electorate: 47 Valid: 45 Spoilt: 0 Quota: 22 Turnout: 45 |
After the death of the Lord Strabolgi:
Hereditary peers' by-election (whole House eligible to vote), March 2011 [26] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Count 1 | ||
Labour | Viscount Hanworth | 233 | ||
Liberal Democrats | Earl of Carlisle | 26 | ||
Conservative | Lord de Ramsey | 24 | ||
Crossbench | Lord Hacking | 24 | ||
Labour | Lord Monkswell | 21 | ||
Conservative | Earl of Stockton | 20 | ||
Conservative | Earl of Harrowby | 17 | ||
Crossbench | Lord Cromwell | 8 | ||
Conservative | Earl of Limerick | 7 | ||
Conservative | Lord Killearn | 6 | ||
Conservative | Earl Alexander of Tunis | 5 | ||
Conservative | Lord Margadale | 5 | ||
Conservative | Earl of Kinnoull | 4 | ||
Liberal Democrats | Lord Ogmore | 4 | ||
Conservative | Lord Rowallan | 3 | ||
Conservative | Viscount Addison | 2 | ||
Crossbench | Lord Tryon | 2 | ||
Conservative | Lord Birdwood | 1 | ||
Crossbench | Earl of Cromer | 1 | ||
Conservative | Lord Sudeley | 1 | ||
Others | 4 others [lower-alpha 1] | 0 | ||
Electorate: 769 Valid: 414 Spoilt: 2 Quota: 207 Turnout: 416 |
After the death of the Lord Monson:
Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, May 2011 [27] | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Candidate | Count 1 | Count 2 | Count 3 | Count 4 | Count 5 | |||
Earl of Lytton | 7 | 7 | 9 | 11 | 15 | |||
Duke of Somerset | 6 | 7 | 9 | 9 | 9 | |||
Viscount Colville of Culross | 6 | 6 | 6 | 7 | - | |||
Lord Cromwell | 3 | 3 | 3 | - | - | |||
Earl of Oxford and Asquith | 2 | 2 | - | - | - | |||
Earl of Shaftesbury | 2 | 2 | - | - | - | |||
Earl of Drogheda [lower-alpha 1] | 1 | - | - | - | - | |||
7 others [lower-alpha 2] | 0 | - | - | - | - | |||
Electorate: 28 Valid: 27 Spoilt: 0 Quota: 14 Turnout: 27 |
After the death of the Earl of Onslow:
Conservative hereditary peers' by-election, July 2011 [28] | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Candidate | Count 1 | Count 2 | Count 3 | Count 4 | Count 5 | Count 6 | Count 7 | Count 8 | Count 9 | |||
Lord Ashton of Hyde | 19 | 19 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 21 | 23 | |||
Lord Borwick | 5 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | |||
Lord de Ramsey | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | |||
Earl of Harrowby | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | |||
Earl of Stockton | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 4 | |||
Marquess of Abergavenny | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | - | |||
Earl of Oxford and Asquith | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | - | |||
Earl of Onslow | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | - | - | |||
Lord Rowallan | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | |||
Lord Rathcavan | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | |||
Lord Margadale | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||
Earl of Limerick [lower-alpha 1] | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||
Viscount Addison | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||
8 others [lower-alpha 2] | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||
Electorate: 47 Valid: 45 Spoilt: 0 Quota: 23 Turnout: 45 |
After the death of the Lord Ampthill:
Hereditary peers' by-election (whole House eligible to vote), July 2011 [29] | ||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Count 1 | Count 2 | Count 3 | Count 4 | Count 5 | Count 6 | Count 7 | Count 8 | Count 9 | Count 10 | Count 11 | Count 12 | Count 13 | Count 14 | Count 15 | ||
Crossbench | Viscount Colville of Culross | 77 | 77 | 78 | 78 | 78 | 78 | 79 | 79 | 80 | 80 | 81 | 88 | 94 | 101 | 126 | ||
Crossbench | Duke of Somerset | 76 | 76 | 76 | 76 | 76 | 78 | 78 | 78 | 79 | 80 | 81 | 86 | 91 | 98 | 104 | ||
Crossbench | Lord Hacking | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 54 | 54 | 56 | 56 | 57 | 59 | 60 | 66 | 73 | - | ||
Conservative | Earl of Stockton | 28 | 28 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 30 | 33 | 33 | 33 | 38 | - | - | ||
Liberal Democrats | Lord Kennet | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 18 | 18 | 19 | 26 | 26 | - | - | - | ||
Crossbench | Earl of Shaftesbury | 12 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 17 | 18 | - | - | - | - | ||
Liberal Democrats | Earl of Carlisle | 12 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Earl of Limerick [lower-alpha 1] | 6 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 9 | 12 | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Lord Margadale | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 8 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Earl of Kinnoull | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Viscount Hood | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Crossbench | Lord Cromwell | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Lord Killearn | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Crossbench | Lord Cadman | 3 | 3 | 3 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Crossbench | Earl of Albemarle | 3 | 3 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Lord Biddulph | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Lord Tryon | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Lord Vivian | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Others | 2 others [lower-alpha 2] | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Electorate: 769 Valid: 313 Spoilt: 3 Quota: 157 Turnout: 316 |
After the death of Earl Ferrers:
Conservative hereditary peers' by-election, February 2013 [30] | |||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Candidate | Count 1 | Count 2 | Count 3 | Count 4 | Count 5 | Count 6 | Count 7 | Count 8 | Count 9 | Count 10 | Count 11 | Count 12 | Count 13 | Count 14 | |||
Viscount Ridley | 14 | 14 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 16 | 18 | 18 | 20 | 21 | 24 | |||
Viscount Hailsham [lower-alpha 1] | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 11 | |||
Earl of Harrowby | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 8 | |||
Lord de Ramsey | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 6 | - | |||
Marquess of Abergavenny | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | - | - | |||
Earl of Stockton | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | - | - | - | |||
Lord Borwick | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | - | - | - | - | |||
Earl of Oxford and Asquith | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | |||
Lord Windlesham | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||
Lord Vivian | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||
Lord Swansea | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||
Lord Monson | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||
Lord Margadale | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||
Lord Darling | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||
Earl of Clanwilliam [lower-alpha 2] | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||
Lord Ampthill | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||
11 others [lower-alpha 3] | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||
Electorate: 48 Valid: 46 Spoilt: 0 Quota: 23 Turnout: 46 |
After the death of the Lord Reay:
Hereditary peers' by-election (whole House eligible to vote), July 2013 [31] | ||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Count 1 | Count 2 | Count 3 | Count 4 | Count 5 | Count 6 | Count 7 | Count 8 | Count 9 | Count 10 | Count 11 | Count 12 | Count 13 | Count 14 | Count 15 | Count 16 | Count 17 | ||
Conservative | Lord Borwick | 104 | 105 | 105 | 106 | 106 | 107 | 109 | 109 | 109 | 110 | 112 | 113 | 114 | 117 | 120 | 135 | 160 | ||
Conservative | Viscount Hailsham [lower-alpha 1] | 104 | 104 | 105 | 105 | 106 | 106 | 106 | 106 | 106 | 106 | 107 | 107 | 108 | 112 | 113 | 117 | 129 | ||
Conservative | Earl of Stockton | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 36 | 38 | 39 | 41 | 42 | 44 | 56 | 61 | - | ||
Conservative | Earl of Harrowby | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 24 | 24 | 26 | 26 | 27 | 29 | 31 | - | - | ||
Liberal Democrats | Lord Kennet | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 20 | 20 | 20 | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Lord Swansea | 8 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 13 | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Lord Ampthill | 6 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Crossbench | Lord Napier and Ettrick | 6 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Lord Margadale | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 7 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Lord Windlesham | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Lord Rowallan | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Earl of Onslow | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
UKIP | Viscount Massereene and Ferrard [lower-alpha 2] | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Liberal Democrats | Earl of Carlisle | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Crossbench | Earl of Albemarle | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Crossbench | Lord Hemphill | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Lord Biddulph | 2 | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Lord Cadman | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Lord Harlech | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Others | 4 others [lower-alpha 3] | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Electorate: 753 Valid: 334 Spoilt: 2 Quota: 167 Turnout: 336 |
After the death of the Lord Moran:
Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, April 2014 [32] | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Candidate | Count 1 | Count 2 | Count 3 | Count 4 | Count 5 | |||
Lord Cromwell | 9 | 10 | 10 | 12 | 13 | |||
Lord Russell of Liverpool | 7 | 7 | 7 | 9 | 12 | |||
Lord Sempill | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | - | |||
Lord Aldington | 4 | 4 | 5 | - | - | |||
Lord Thurlow | 2 | 2 | - | - | - | |||
Lord Napier and Ettrick | 1 | - | - | - | - | |||
7 others [lower-alpha 1] | 0 | - | - | - | - | |||
Electorate: 29 Valid: 27 Spoilt: 0 Quota: 14 Turnout: 27 |
After the death of the Lord Methuen:
Hereditary peers' by-election (whole House eligible to vote), October 2014 [33] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Count 1 | ||
Liberal Democrats | Earl of Oxford and Asquith | 155 | ||
Crossbench | Lord Napier and Ettrick | 35 | ||
Conservative | Earl of Stockton | 31 | ||
Liberal Democrats | Lord Kennet | 29 | ||
Conservative | Lord Margadale | 13 | ||
Crossbench | Viscount Massereene and Ferrard [lower-alpha 1] | 6 | ||
Crossbench | Lord Somerleyton | 6 | ||
Conservative | Lord Harlech | 4 | ||
Crossbench | Lord Calverley | 1 | ||
Conservative | Lord Layton | 1 | ||
Conservative | Lord Middleton | 1 | ||
Conservative | Lord Sudeley | 1 | ||
Others | 3 others [lower-alpha 2] | 0 | ||
Electorate: 776 Valid: 283 Spoilt: 0 Quota: 142 Turnout: 283 |
After the death of the Viscount Allenby of Megiddo:
Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, December 2014 [34] | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Candidate | Count 1 | Count 2 | Count 3 | Count 4 | Count 5 | |||
Lord Russell of Liverpool | 7 | 8 | 10 | 10 | 13 | |||
Duke of Somerset | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | |||
Lord Thurlow | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | |||
Lord Napier and Ettrick | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | - | |||
Earl of Kinnoull | 3 | 3 | 3 | - | - | |||
Viscount Hood | 3 | 3 | - | - | - | |||
Earl of Clanwilliam [lower-alpha 1] | 1 | - | - | - | - | |||
11 others [lower-alpha 2] | 0 | - | - | - | - | |||
Electorate: 27 Valid: 25 Spoilt: 0 Quota: 13 Turnout: 25 |
After the retirement of the Lord Cobbold:
Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, December 2014 [34] | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Candidate | Count 1 | Count 2 | Count 3 | Count 4 | Count 5 | |||
Duke of Somerset | 6 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 12 | |||
Lord Thurlow | 8 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | |||
Earl of Kinnoull | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | - | |||
Lord Napier and Ettrick | 3 | 3 | 3 | - | - | |||
Viscount Hood | 3 | 3 | - | - | - | |||
Earl of Clanwilliam [lower-alpha 1] | 1 | - | - | - | - | |||
11 others [lower-alpha 2] | 0 | - | - | - | - | |||
Electorate: 27 Valid: 25 Spoilt: 0 Quota: 13 Turnout: 25 |
After the retirement of the Lord Chorley:
Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, February 2015 [35] | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Candidate | Count 1 | Count 2 | Count 3 | Count 4 | Count 5 | Count 6 | |||
Lord Thurlow | 8 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 13 | |||
Viscount Hood | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | |||
Lord Napier and Ettrick | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||
Earl of Cork and Orrery [lower-alpha 1] | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||
Lord Sempill | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||
Lord Aldington | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | - | |||
Earl of Kinnoull | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | - | |||
Lord Hemphill | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | |||
Earl of Clanwilliam [lower-alpha 2] | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | |||
Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | |||
8 others [lower-alpha 3] | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | |||
Electorate: 28 Valid: 26 Spoilt: 0 Quota: 13 Turnout: 26 |
After the retirement of the Lady Saltoun of Abernethy:
Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, February 2015 [35] | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Candidate | Count 1 | Count 2 | Count 3 | Count 4 | Count 5 | Count 6 | |||
Earl of Kinnoull | 9 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 12 | |||
Viscount Hood | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | |||
Lord Sempill | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | |||
Lord Napier and Ettrick | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||
Earl of Cork and Orrery [lower-alpha 1] | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | - | |||
Lord Aldington | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | - | |||
Earl of Clanwilliam [lower-alpha 2] | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | |||
Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | |||
Lord Hemphill | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | |||
8 others [lower-alpha 3] | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | |||
Electorate: 28 Valid: 26 Spoilt: 0 Quota: 13 Turnout: 26 |
After the retirement of the Viscount Tenby:
Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, July 2015 [36] | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Candidate | Count 1 | Count 2 | Count 3 | Count 4 | Count 5 | Count 6 | |||
Lord Mountevans | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 10 | |||
Lord Aldington | 3 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | |||
Viscount Hood | 3 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | |||
Lord Sempill | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | - | |||
Earl of Albemarle | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | - | |||
Lord Napier and Ettrick | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | - | - | |||
Lord Darling | 2 | 2 | - | - | - | - | |||
Lord Trevethin and Oaksey | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | |||
11 others [lower-alpha 1] | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | |||
Electorate: 28 Valid: 25 Spoilt: 0 Quota: 13 Turnout: 25 |
After the retirement of the Lord Luke:
Conservative hereditary peers' by-election, September 2015 [37] | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Candidate | Count 1 | Count 2 | Count 3 | Count 4 | Count 5 | |||
Duke of Wellington | 18 | 18 | 18 | 19 | 21 | |||
Marquess of Abergavenny | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | |||
Earl of Harrowby | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | |||
Earl Ferrers | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 5 | |||
Earl of Limerick [lower-alpha 1] | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||
Lord Windlesham | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | - | |||
Earl of Stockton | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | |||
Lord Swansea | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | |||
Lord Middleton | 1 | - | - | - | - | |||
7 others [lower-alpha 2] | 0 | - | - | - | - | |||
Electorate: 48 Valid: 41 Quota: 21 Turnout: 41 |
After the retirement of the Viscount Montgomery of Alamein:
Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, October 2015 [38] | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Candidate | Count 1 | Count 2 | Count 3 | Count 4 | Count 5 | ||||
Lord Trevethin and Oaksey | 10 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 12 | ||||
Lord Aldington | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 7 | ||||
Earl of Cork and Orrery [lower-alpha 1] | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | ||||
Lord Napier and Ettrick | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | - | ||||
Viscount Hood | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | - | ||||
Lord Vaux of Harrowden | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | ||||
Lord Clifford of Chudleigh | 1 | - | - | - | - | ||||
10 others [lower-alpha 2] | 0 | - | - | - | - | ||||
Electorate: 29 Valid: 26 Spoilt: 0 Quota: 13 Turnout: 26 |
After the death of the Lord Montagu of Beaulieu:
Conservative hereditary peers' by-election, November 2015 [39] | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Candidate | Count 1 | Count 2 | Count 3 | Count 4 | Count 5 | Count 6 | Count 7 | Count 8 | Count 9 | Count 10 | |||
Lord Fairfax of Cameron | 9 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 13 | 15 | 16 | 21 | 27 | |||
Earl of Harrowby | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 12 | 12 | 14 | |||
Lord Windlesham | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 10 | - | |||
Lord Colgrain | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | - | - | |||
Lord de Ramsey | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | - | - | - | |||
Marquess of Abergavenny | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | - | - | - | - | |||
Earl of Limerick [lower-alpha 1] | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | - | - | - | - | - | |||
Earl of Stockton | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||
Lord Ashcombe | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||
Earl Ferrers | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||
Lord Middleton | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||
3 others [lower-alpha 2] | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||
Electorate: 48 Valid: 44 Spoilt: 0 Quota: 22 Turnout: 44 |
After the death of the Lord Avebury:
Liberal Democrat hereditary peers' by-election, April 2016 [40] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Candidate | Count 1 | |||
Viscount Thurso | 3 | |||
6 others [lower-alpha 1] | 0 | |||
Electorate: 3 Valid: 3 Spoilt: 0 Quota: 2 Turnout: 3 |
After the removal for non-attendance of the Lord Bridges:
Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, July 2016 [41] | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Candidate | Count 1 | Count 2 | Count 3 | Count 4 | Count 5 | Count 6 | Count 7 | |||
Earl of Cork and Orrery [lower-alpha 1] | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 15 | |||
Lord Vaux of Harrowden | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 7 | 8 | 8 | |||
Viscount Hood | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 6 | - | |||
Lord Hemphill | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | - | - | |||
Lord Aldington | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | - | - | |||
Earl of Albemarle | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | |||
Earl of Limerick [lower-alpha 2] | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | |||
Lord Napier and Ettrick | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||
9 others [lower-alpha 3] | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||
Electorate: 31 Valid: 27 Spoilt: 0 Quota: 14 Turnout: 27 |
After the death of the Lord Lyell:
Hereditary peers' by-election (whole House eligible to vote), March 2017 [42] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Count 1 | Count 2 | Count 3 | Count 4 | Count 5 | Count 6 | Count 7 | Count 8 | Count 9 | Count 10 | Count 11 | Count 12 | Count 13 | Count 14 | Count 15 | Count 16 | Count 17 | Count 18 | Count 19 | Count 20 | Count 21 | Count 22 | Count 23 | Count 24 | Count 25 | ||
Conservative | Lord Colgrain | 104 | 104 | 104 | 104 | 104 | 104 | 104 | 105 | 105 | 105 | 108 | 108 | 108 | 109 | 109 | 109 | 111 | 111 | 113 | 115 | 118 | 118 | 126 | 137 | 143 | ||
Conservative | Lord Bethell | 54 | 54 | 54 | 55 | 55 | 56 | 56 | 56 | 56 | 56 | 56 | 56 | 56 | 57 | 59 | 60 | 62 | 62 | 64 | 68 | 70 | 76 | 82 | 90 | 108 | ||
Conservative | Earl of Stockton | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 34 | 35 | 35 | 37 | 38 | 38 | 39 | 39 | 41 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 46 | 49 | 58 | 59 | 62 | - | ||
Conservative | Marquess of Abergavenny | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 28 | 29 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | - | - | ||
Conservative | Earl of Harrowby | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 17 | 17 | 19 | 20 | 23 | 23 | - | - | - | ||
Liberal Democrats | Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 15 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Lord Windlesham | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 18 | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Lord Napier and Ettrick | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Crossbench | Lord Darling | 9 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 14 | 14 | 14 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Liberal Democrats | Lord Kennet | 9 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 14 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Lord Strathcarron | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Crossbench | Viscount Powerscourt [lower-alpha 1] | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Crossbench | Lord Mostyn | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 7 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Earl of Limerick [lower-alpha 2] | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Lord Swansea | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Liberal Democrats | Lord Harlech | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Lord Macpherson of Drumochter | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Earl Alexander of Tunis | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Crossbench | Viscount Hood | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Viscount Addison | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Viscount Mountgarret [lower-alpha 3] | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Lord Biddulph | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Independent | Lord Gainford | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Crossbench | Lord Hampton | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Crossbench | Lord Somerleyton | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Crossbench | Lord Hankey | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Lord Cadman | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Electorate: 803 Valid: 346 Spoilt: 0 Quota: 173 Turnout: 346 |
After the retirement of the Lord Walpole:
Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, July 2017 [43] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Candidate | Count 1 | |||
Lord Vaux of Harrowden | 16 | |||
Lord Aldington | 4 | |||
Lord Mostyn | 4 | |||
Lord Darling | 1 | |||
Lord Hemphill | 1 | |||
Viscount Powerscourt [lower-alpha 1] | 1 | |||
3 others [lower-alpha 2] | 0 | |||
Electorate: 31 Valid: 27 Spoilt: 0 Quota: 14 Turnout: 27 |
After the retirement of the Earl Baldwin of Bewdley:
Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, July 2018 [44] | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Candidate | Count 1 | Count 2 | Count 3 | Count 4 | Count 5 | Count 6 | |||
Earl of Devon | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 12 | |||
Lord Ravensdale | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | |||
Lord Aldington | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | |||
Earl of Eldon | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | |||
Duke of Hamilton and Brandon | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | |||
Viscount Hood | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | - | |||
Lord Bridges | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | - | - | |||
Earl of Carnarvon | 2 | 2 | - | - | - | - | |||
Lord Meston | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | |||
9 others [lower-alpha 1] | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | |||
Electorate: 31 Valid: 26 Spoilt: 0 Quota: 13 Turnout: 26 |
After the retirement of the Lord Glentoran:
Conservative hereditary peers' by-election, July 2018 [46] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Candidate | Count 1 | |||
Lord Bethell | 26 | |||
Marquess of Abergavenny | 6 | |||
Earl De La Warr | 4 | |||
Lord Ashcombe | 2 | |||
Lord Napier and Ettrick | 2 | |||
Lord Reay | 1 | |||
Earl of Stockton | 1 | |||
Lord Windlesham | 1 | |||
3 others [lower-alpha 1] | 0 | |||
Electorate: 47 Valid: 43 Spoilt: 0 Quota: 22 Turnout: 43 |
After the retirement of the Lord Northbourne:
Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, November 2018 [47] | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Candidate | Count 1 | Count 2 | Count 3 | Count 4 | Count 5 | |||
Lord Carrington | 11 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 14 | |||
Lord Ravensdale | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 9 | |||
Earl of Eldon | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | |||
Lord Meston | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | - | |||
Lord Aldington | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | - | |||
Duke of Hamilton and Brandon | 2 | 2 | - | - | - | |||
Viscount Powerscourt [lower-alpha 1] | 1 | - | - | - | - | |||
4 others [lower-alpha 2] | 0 | - | - | - | - | |||
Electorate: 31 Valid: 29 Spoilt: 0 Quota: 15 Turnout: 29 |
After the death of the Lord Skelmersdale:
Hereditary peers' by-election (whole House eligible to vote), January 2019 [48] | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Count 1 | Count 2 | Count 3 | Count 4 | Count 5 | Count 6 | Count 7 | Count 8 | Count 9 | Count 10 | Count 11 | ||
Conservative | Lord Reay | 73 | 73 | 73 | 73 | 74 | 78 | 78 | 81 | 87 | 94 | 110 | ||
Conservative | Earl of Leicester | 46 | 46 | 46 | 46 | 47 | 52 | 53 | 58 | 62 | 74 | 93 | ||
Conservative | Lord Strathcarron | 32 | 32 | 32 | 33 | 37 | 39 | 39 | 41 | 44 | 49 | - | ||
Conservative | Lord Napier and Ettrick | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 25 | 28 | 32 | 36 | 39 | - | - | ||
Conservative | Earl of Carnarvon | 20 | 20 | 20 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 24 | 25 | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Earl of Stockton | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 19 | 19 | 21 | - | - | - | - | ||
Crossbench | Lord Hampton | 10 | 11 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 17 | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Lord Ashcombe | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 15 | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Lord Windlesham | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Crossbench | Earl of Effingham | 5 | 5 | 5 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Crossbench | Viscount Powerscourt [lower-alpha 1] | 4 | 5 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Viscount Mountgarret [lower-alpha 2] | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Crossbench | Lord Oranmore and Browne [lower-alpha 3] | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Others | 3 others [lower-alpha 4] | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Electorate: 785 Valid: 259 Spoilt: 0 Quota: 130 Turnout: 259 (33%) |
After the death of the Viscount Slim:
Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, March 2019 [49] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Candidate | Count 1 | |||
Lord Ravensdale | 18 | |||
Lord Meston | 4 | |||
Earl of Albemarle | 1 | |||
Lord Aldington | 1 | |||
Lord de Ramsey | 1 | |||
Lord Dormer | 1 | |||
Lord Glenconner | 1 | |||
Lord Hankey | 1 | |||
6 others [lower-alpha 1] | 0 | |||
Electorate: 31 Valid: 28 Spoilt: 0 Quota: 14 Turnout: 28 |
Normally, by-elections must be held within three months of a vacancy occurring, [3] but in response to the COVID-19 pandemic the House resolved in March 2020 to suspend any by-elections. Although this initial suspension was only until 8 September 2020, successive further motions extended this arrangement. [50] [51] [52] [53] Ultimately by-elections resumed in June 2021 with multiple elections held to fill six vacancies. [54]
After the retirements of the Earl of Selborne and the Lord Denham, and the removal for non-attendance of the Lord Selsdon:
Conservative hereditary peers' by-election, June 2021 [55] | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Candidate | Count 1 | Count 2 | Count 3 | Count 4 | Count 5 | Count 6 | Count 7 | Count 8 | |||
Lord Sandhurst | 10 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | |||
Earl of Leicester | 7 | 7.3 | 8.3 | 9.3 | 9.3 | 9.3 | 9.3 | 9.3 | |||
Lord Altrincham | 6 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 6.3 | 7.3 | 7.6 | 7.6 | 9.6 | |||
Lord Harlech | 4 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 5.1 | 7.1 | 7.1 | |||
Marquess of Abergavenny | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | - | |||
Earl De La Warr | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | - | |||
Lord Strathcarron | 1 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | - | - | - | |||
Lord Windlesham | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | |||
Lord Ashcombe | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | |||
Earl of Carnarvon | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||
11 others [lower-alpha 1] | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||
Electorate: 43 Valid: 36 Spoilt: 0 Quota: 9 Turnout: 36 |
After the retirement of the Countess of Mar:
Hereditary peers' by-election (whole House eligible to vote), June 2021 [56] | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Count 1 | Count 2 | Count 3 | Count 4 | Count 5 | Count 6 | Count 7 | ||
Crossbench | Lord Londesborough | 114 | 116 | 116 | 116 | 121 | 129 | 147 | ||
Crossbench | Lord Meston | 66 | 66 | 66 | 67 | 70 | 75 | 80 | ||
Crossbench | Lord Chorley | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 37 | 46 | 50 | ||
Crossbench | Lord de Clifford | 27 | 30 | 32 | 34 | 35 | 38 | - | ||
Crossbench | Lord Hampton | 31 | 31 | 31 | 32 | 34 | - | - | ||
Crossbench | Lord Somerleyton | 18 | 19 | 20 | 20 | - | - | - | ||
Crossbench | Earl of Albemarle | 13 | 13 | 14 | - | - | - | - | ||
Crossbench | Lord Birkett | 8 | 8 | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Crossbench | Lord Milverton | 6 | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Crossbench | Earl of Effingham | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Electorate: 786 Valid: 317 Spoilt: 0 Quota: 159 Turnout: 317 |
After the death of the Lord Rea:
Labour hereditary peers' by-election, July 2021 [57] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Candidate | Count 1 | |||
Viscount Stansgate | unopposed |
After the retirement of the Lord Elton:
Hereditary peers' by-election (whole House eligible to vote), July 2021 [58] | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Count 1 | Count 2 | Count 3 | Count 4 | Count 5 | Count 6 | Count 7 | Count 8 | Count 9 | Count 10 | Count 11 | ||
Conservative | Lord Harlech | 67 | 67 | 67 | 68 | 69 | 70 | 71 | 73 | 77 | 84 | 100 | ||
Conservative | Lord Strathcarron | 46 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 49 | 49 | 50 | 51 | 61 | 69 | ||
Conservative | Earl of Stockton | 31 | 31 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 37 | 38 | 41 | 47 | 59 | - | ||
Conservative | Earl of Carnarvon | 13 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 17 | 17 | 18 | 21 | 24 | - | - | ||
Conservative | Earl De La Warr | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 19 | 22 | 22 | - | - | ||
Conservative | Earl of Limerick [lower-alpha 1] | 12 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 18 | 19 | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Lord Margadale | 14 | 14 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 17 | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Lord de Ramsey | 11 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 14 | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Lord Windlesham | 10 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 12 | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Lord Napier and Ettrick | 7 | 7 | 8 | 9 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Lord Dormer | 5 | 5 | 5 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Lord Elibank | 4 | 4 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Viscount Mountgarret [lower-alpha 2] | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Electorate: over 750 Valid: 237 Spoilt: 0 Quota: 119 Turnout: 237 |
After the death of the Viscount Simon:
Hereditary peers' by-election (whole House eligible to vote), November 2021 [59] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Count 1 | ||
Labour | Lord Hacking | 159 | ||
Labour | Lord Kennet | 82 | ||
Conservative | Lord Biddulph | 23 | ||
Electorate: 783 Valid: 264 Spoilt: 0 Quota: 132 Turnout: 264 |
After the retirement of the Viscount Ridley:
Conservative hereditary peers' by-election, February 2022 [60] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Candidate | Count 1 | Count 2 | |||
Lord Strathcarron | 17 | 18 | |||
Viscount Camrose | 6 | 6 | |||
Lord Ashcombe | 5 | 5 | |||
Earl of Limerick [lower-alpha 1] | 3 | 4 | |||
Earl De La Warr | 3 | 3 | |||
Viscount Monckton of Brenchley | 1 | - | |||
Lord Windlesham | 1 | - | |||
3 others [lower-alpha 2] | 0 | - | |||
Electorate: 45 Valid: 36 Spoilt: 0 Quota: 18 Turnout: 36 |
After the retirement of the Lord Rotherwick:
Conservative hereditary peers' by-election, March 2022 [61] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Candidate | Count 1 | |||
Viscount Camrose | 20 | |||
Lord Ashcombe | 12 | |||
Earl of Limerick [lower-alpha 1] | 3 | |||
Lord Napier and Ettrick | 1 | |||
Lord Windlesham | 1 | |||
4 others [lower-alpha 2] | 0 | |||
Electorate: 46 Valid: 37 Spoilt: 0 Quota: 19 Turnout: 37 |
After the retirement of the Lord Brabazon of Tara, and the death of the Lord Swinfen:
Conservative hereditary peers' by-election, July 2022 [62] | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Candidate | Count 1 | Count 2 | Count 3 | Count 4 | Count 5 | |||
Lord Remnant | 22 | 13.67 | 13.67 | 13.67 | 13.67 | |||
Lord Wrottesley | 5 | 7.59 | 7.59 | 8.59 | 12.33 | |||
Lord Ashcombe | 7 | 9.96 | 9.96 | 9.96 | 12.07 | |||
Earl of Limerick [lower-alpha 1] | 1 | 2.85 | 2.85 | 2.85 | - | |||
Lord Ashbourne | 2 | 2.37 | 2.37 | 2.37 | - | |||
Earl of Balfour | 1 | 1.37 | 1.37 | 1.37 | - | |||
Lord Dormer | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | |||
Lord Windlesham | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | |||
Lord Elibank | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | |||
3 others [lower-alpha 2] | 0 | - | - | - | - | |||
Electorate: 45 Valid: 41 Spoilt: 0 Quota: 13.66 Turnout: 41 |
After the retirements of the Viscount Ullswater, and the Lord Colwyn:
Hereditary peers' by-election (whole House eligible to vote), October 2022 [63] | ||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Count 1 | Count 2 | Count 3 | Count 4 | Count 5 | Count 6 | Count 7 | Count 8 | Count 9 | Count 10 | Count 11 | Count 12 | Count 13 | Count 14 | Count 15 | Count 16 | Count 17 | ||
Conservative | Lord Roborough | 36 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 36 | 37 | 37 | 38 | 38 | 39 | 45 | 46 | 58 | ||
Conservative | Earl of Minto | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 32 | 34 | 35 | 38 | 42 | 44 | 51 | ||
Conservative | Lord Hazlerigg | 21 | 21 | 21 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 25 | 27 | 29 | 32 | 36 | ||
Conservative | Lord Ashcombe | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 21 | 22 | 26 | 28 | - | ||
Conservative | Lord Windlesham | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 15 | 17 | 18 | 21 | 22 | 22 | - | - | ||
Conservative | Earl of Effingham | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 21 | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Lord Rossmore | 13 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 16 | 17 | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Lord Baillieu | 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 12 | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Earl of Balfour | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Earl of Limerick [lower-alpha 1] | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Marquess of Bristol | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 7 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Marquess of Abergavenny | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Independent | Earl of Dudley | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Lord Ashbourne | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Lord Rowallan | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Lord Napier and Ettrick | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Lord Dormer | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Lord Ironside | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Lord Elibank | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Others | 2 others [lower-alpha 2] | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||
Electorate: 757 Valid: 190 Spoilt: 0 Quota: 48.3 Turnout: 190 |
After the retirement of the Earl of Listowel:
Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, October 2022 [64] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Candidate | Count 1 | Count 2 | |||
Lord Hampton | 9 | 11 | |||
Lord Meston | 7 | 10 | |||
Viscount Norwich | 2 | - | |||
Viscount Rochdale | 2 | - | |||
Lord de Clifford | 1 | - | |||
Lord Walpole | 1 | - | |||
4 others [lower-alpha 1] | 0 | - | |||
Electorate: 30 Valid: 22 Spoilt: 0 Quota: 11 Turnout: 22 |
After the retirement of the Lord Astor of Hever, and the death of the Earl of Home:
Conservative hereditary peers' by-election, October 2022 [65] | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Candidate | Count 1 | Count 2 | Count 3 | Count 4 | Count 5 | Count 6 | |||
Earl of Effingham | 6 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 15 | 12 | |||
Lord Ashcombe | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 14 | |||
Lord Hazlerigg | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 10 | |||
Marquess of Abergavenny | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | - | - | |||
Marquess of Bristol | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | - | - | |||
Earl of Limerick [lower-alpha 1] | 2 | 2 | 2 | - | - | - | |||
Earl of Eglinton and Winton | 2 | 2 | - | - | - | - | |||
Lord Rossmore | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | |||
Lord Windlesham | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | |||
11 others [lower-alpha 2] | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | |||
Electorate: 41 Valid: 37 Spoilt: 0 Quota: 12 Turnout: 37 |
After the retirement of the Viscount Falkland:
Hereditary peers' by-election (whole House eligible to vote), June 2023 [66] | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Count 1 | ||
Liberal Democrats | Earl Russell | 123 | ||
Liberal Democrats | Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor | 55 | ||
Liberal Democrats | Lord Belhaven and Stenton | 34 | ||
Electorate: over 750 Valid: 212 Spoilt: 0 Quota: 106 Turnout: 212 |
After the death of the Lord Palmer and the retirement of the Lord Hylton:
Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, September 2023 [7] | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Candidate | Count 1 | Count 2 | Count 3 | |||
Lord Meston | 11 | 7.67 | 7.67 | |||
Lord de Clifford | 5 | 6.5 | 9.5 | |||
Lord Chorley | 4 | 4.9 | 4.9 | |||
Viscount Rochdale | 0 | 0.6 | 0.6 | |||
Lord Braybrooke | 2 | 2.3 | 0.3 | |||
Lord Aldington | 1 | 1 | - | |||
7 others [lower-alpha 1] | 0 | - | - | |||
Electorate: 32 Valid: 23 Spoilt: 0 Quota: 7.67 Turnout: 23 |
After the death of the Lord Brougham and Vaux:
Hereditary peers' by-election (whole House eligible to vote), November 2023 [67] | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Count 1 | Count 2 | Count 3 | Count 4 | Count 5 | Count 6 | Count 7 | Count 8 | Count 9 | ||
Conservative | Lord Camoys | 97 | 97 | 97 | 97 | 99 | 102 | 104 | 117 | 133 | ||
Conservative | Marquess of Bristol | 39 | 39 | 39 | 40 | 40 | 41 | 42 | 46 | 52 | ||
Conservative | Lord Hamilton of Dalzell | 34 | 34 | 34 | 35 | 35 | 37 | 37 | 45 | 51 | ||
Conservative | Lord Rossmore | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 38 | 38 | 38 | 43 | - | ||
Conservative | Lord Hazlerigg | 13 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 15 | 16 | - | - | ||
Conservative | Earl of Eglinton and Winton | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 10 | - | - | ||
Conservative | Lord Annaly | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 8 | - | - | ||
Conservative | Lord Baillieu | 6 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Viscount Falmouth | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 7 | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Lord Windlesham | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Viscount Mountgarret [lower-alpha 1] | 3 | 3 | 3 | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Lord Ashbourne | 3 | 3 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Lord Elibank | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Conservative | Lord Napier and Ettrick | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
Electorate: over 750 Valid: 259 Spoilt: 0 Quota: 130 Turnout: 259 |
The Earl of Sandwich, one of the 28 elected crossbench hereditary peers, retired from the House on 20 May 2024. [68]
The Lord Willoughby de Broke, a non-affiliated peer who was originally elected as one of the 42 Conservative hereditary peers, ceased to be a member of the House on 9 July 2024 due to non-attendance. [69]
Ordinarily, by-elections to fill vancancies would have been required within three months. However, on 25 July 2024, and in anticipation of imminent legislative debates on the abolition of the right of Hereditary Peers to sit in the Lords (see proposed abolition below), and reflecting views that "ongoing by-elections during the parliamentary consideration of a Bill would be deeply undesirable in this context", the House of Lords passed a motion to extend the deadline for holding a by-election to 18 months. [4]
In six parliamentary sessions between the years 2016 and 2024, Labour peer Lord Grocott sponsored a private member's bill to abolish by-elections, this would have resulted in vacancies not being filled and the number of hereditary peers in the House of Lords diminishing over time. [70] Labour MP John Spellar sponsored a similar private member's bill in three parliamentary sessions between the years 2021 and 2024. [71]
In September 2024 the newly-elected Labour government introduced the House of Lords (Hereditary Peers) Bill. If enacted this would remove the right of the remaining hereditary peers to sit and vote in the House of Lords. [72]
From the 1707 Act of Union to the passing of the Peerage Act 1963, peers in the Peerage of Scotland elected sixteen representative peers to sit in the House of Lords. Unlike Irish peers, however, Scottish representative peers only sat for the duration of one parliament before facing re-election. By-elections were held in the Palace of Holyroodhouse to replace deceased peers. After the passing of the Peerage Act 1963, all Scottish peers were entitled to sit in the House of Lords and the election procedure was abolished.
The last Scottish representative peer by-election took place in 1959, when the Duke of Atholl was elected in place of the late Lord Sinclair.
Also, from the 1801 Act of Union to Irish independence, 28 Irish representative peers were elected from and by the Peerage of Ireland to sit in the British House of Lords. [73] Like current hereditary peers, these representative peers sat for life terms and deceased peers were replaced in by-elections. Unlike modern hereditary peer by-elections, all peers in the Peerage of Ireland, even those who did not sit in the House of Lords, were entitled to vote. Upon the creation of the Irish Free State, the offices required to officiate these by-elections were abolished and thus no more were held, but those peers already elected kept their seats for the remainder of their lives. The last to sit in the Lords was Francis Needham, 4th Earl of Kilmorey, who died in 1961.
Peerages in the United Kingdom form a legal system comprising both hereditary and lifetime titles, composed of various ranks, and within the framework of the Constitution of the United Kingdom form a constituent part of the legislative process and the British honours system. The British monarch is considered the fount of honour and is notionally the only person who can grant peerages, though there are many conventions about how this power is used, especially at the request of the British government. The term peerage can be used both collectively to refer to the entire body of titled nobility, and individually to refer to a specific title. British peerage title holders are termed peers of the Realm.
The Peerage of Ireland consists of those titles of nobility created by the English monarchs in their capacity as Lord or King of Ireland, or later by monarchs of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. It is one of the five divisions of Peerages in the United Kingdom. The creation of such titles came to an end in the 19th century. The ranks of the Irish peerage are duke, marquess, earl, viscount and baron. As of 2016, there were 135 titles in the Peerage of Ireland extant: two dukedoms, ten marquessates, 43 earldoms, 28 viscountcies, and 52 baronies. However, these titles have no official recognition in Ireland, with Article 40.2 of the Constitution of Ireland forbidding the state conferring titles of nobility and stating that an Irish citizen may not accept titles of nobility or honour except with the prior approval of the Irish government.
The Peerage Act 1963 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that permits female hereditary peers and all Scottish hereditary peers to sit in the House of Lords and allows newly inherited hereditary peerages to be disclaimed.
The Peerage of Scotland is one of the five divisions of peerages in the United Kingdom and for those peers created by the King of Scots before 1707. Following that year's Treaty of Union, the Kingdom of Scots and the Kingdom of England were combined under the name of Great Britain, and a new Peerage of Great Britain was introduced in which subsequent titles were created.
The Peerage of the United Kingdom is one of the five Peerages in the United Kingdom. It comprises most peerages created in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland after the Acts of Union in 1801, when it replaced the Peerage of Great Britain. New peers continued to be created in the Peerage of Ireland until 1898
The House of Lords Act 1999 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that reformed the House of Lords, one of the chambers of Parliament. The Act was given Royal Assent on 11 November 1999. For centuries, the House of Lords had included several hundred members who inherited their seats ; the Act removed such a right. However, as part of a compromise, the Act allowed ninety-two hereditary peers to remain in the House. Another ten were created life peers to enable them to remain in the House.
A Lord of Parliament was the holder of the lowest form of peerage, entitled as of right to take part in sessions of the pre-Union Parliament of Scotland. Since that Union in 1707, it has been the lowest rank of the Peerage of Scotland, ranking below a viscount. A Lord of Parliament is said to hold a Lordship of Parliament.
The hereditary peers form part of the peerage in the United Kingdom. As of August 2023, there are 805 hereditary peers: 30 dukes, 34 marquesses, 189 earls, 110 viscounts, and 442 barons.
The history of the British peerage, a system of nobility found in the United Kingdom, stretches over the last thousand years. The current form of the British peerage has been a process of development. While the ranks of baron and earl predate the British peerage itself, the ranks of duke and marquess were introduced to England in the 14th century. The rank of viscount came later, in the mid-15th century. Peers were summoned to Parliament, forming the House of Lords.
The British peerage is governed by a body of law that has developed over several centuries. Much of this law has been established by a few important cases, and some of the more significant of these are addressed in this article.
In the United Kingdom, life peers are appointed members of the peerage whose titles cannot be inherited, in contrast to hereditary peers. Life peers are appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister. With the exception of the Dukedom of Edinburgh awarded for life to Prince Edward in 2023, all life peerages conferred since 2009 have been created under the Life Peerages Act 1958 with the rank of baron and entitle their holders to sit and vote in the House of Lords, presuming they meet qualifications such as age and citizenship. The legitimate children of a life peer appointed under the Life Peerages Act 1958 are entitled to style themselves with the prefix "The Honourable", although they cannot inherit the peerage itself. Prior to 2009, life peers of baronial rank could also be so created under the Appellate Jurisdiction Act 1876 for senior judges.
A writ in acceleration, commonly called a writ of acceleration, is a type of writ of summons that enabled the eldest son and heir apparent of a peer with more than one peerage to attend the British or Irish House of Lords, using one of his father's subsidiary titles, during his father's lifetime. This procedure could be used to bring younger men into the Lords and increase the number of capable members in a house that drew on a very small pool of talent.
David Albert Charles Armstrong-Jones, 2nd Earl of Snowdon, styled as Viscount Linley until 2017 and known professionally as David Linley, is a member of the British royal family, an English furniture maker, and honorary chairman of the auction house Christie's UK. He is the only son of Antony Armstrong-Jones, 1st Earl of Snowdon and Princess Margaret, and through his mother a grandson of King George VI and first cousin of King Charles III. When he was born, he was 5th in the line of succession to the British throne; as of May 2023, he is 25th, and the highest who is not a descendant of Queen Elizabeth II, his aunt.
Nicholas Power Richard Le Poer Trench, 9th Earl of Clancarty, 8th Marquess of Heusden, is an Anglo-Irish hereditary peer, as well as a nobleman in the Dutch nobility. Lord Clancarty serves as an elected Crossbench hereditary peer in the British House of Lords. His earldom is in the Peerage of Ireland.
John Richard Boyle, 15th Earl of Cork and 15th Earl of Orrery is a British hereditary peer and a member of the House of Lords, where he sits as a Crossbencher. Boyle was an officer in the Royal Navy and then had a career in the sugar industry before inheriting his titles in 2003.
Daniel Nicholas Mosley, 4th Baron Ravensdale, 8th Baronet,, is a British hereditary peer and crossbench member of the House of Lords. He is an engineer, currently working as a project director for AtkinsRéalis. His paternal great-grandfather was Oswald Mosley, leader and founder of the British Union of Fascists.
Elections of the excepted hereditary peers were held in October and November 1999, before the House of Lords Act 1999 excluded most hereditary peers from the membership of the House of Lords allowing Earl Marshal, Lord Great Chamberlain and 90 others to remain in the House. Before the passing of the 1999 Act, the Lords approved a Standing Order stating that those 90 would consist of:
Under the terms of an informal agreement amongst the parties and groups in the House of Lords, it is expected that this vacancy will be filled by an hereditary peer who will sit as a crossbench member of the House
Yes, there is a by-election today. I have voted in it and, in accordance with the Carter convention, I voted for a Labour Peer. I have kept to the agreements made in 1999.
The by-election must take place within three months of any vacancy occurring.
This is a temporary measure that recognises that the House will in the near future debate in more detail the wider issue of hereditary membership of your Lordships' House.
Measures to modernise the constitution will be introduced including House of Lords reform to remove the right of hereditary peers to sit and vote in the Lords [House of Lords (Hereditary Peers) Bill].