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The 1922 United Kingdom general election was held on Wednesday 15 November 1922. It was won by the Conservative Party, led by Prime Minister Andrew Bonar Law, which gained an overall majority over the Labour Party, led by J. R. Clynes, and a divided Liberal Party.
The 1918 United Kingdom general election was called immediately after the Armistice with Germany which ended the First World War, and was held on Saturday, 14 December 1918. The governing coalition, under Prime Minister David Lloyd George, sent letters of endorsement to candidates who supported the coalition government. These were nicknamed "Coalition Coupons", and led to the election being known as the "coupon election". The result was a massive landslide in favour of the coalition, comprising primarily the Conservatives and Coalition Liberals, with massive losses for Liberals who were not endorsed. Nearly all the Liberal MPs without coupons were defeated, including party leader H. H. Asquith.
The 1922 Newport by-election was by-election held in the parliamentary constituency of Newport on 18 October 1922. The by-election attracted especial attention, both at the time and since, as it was seen as a crucial electoral test of the viability of the Lloyd George Coalition Government, formed of followers of David Lloyd George with the Conservative Party, the latter of which contained an increasing number of members who wished to leave the coalition and regain the party's independence.
The 1940 Croydon North by-election was a parliamentary by-election held in the British House of Commons constituency of Croydon North on 19 June 1940. The seat had become vacant when the Conservative Member of Parliament Glyn Mason had resigned. Mason had held the seat since the 1922 general election.
The 1940 Nottingham Central by-election was a parliamentary by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Nottingham Central on 19 July 1940. The seat had become vacant when the Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) Sir Terence O'Connor had died on 7 May 1940. O'Connor had held the seat since a by-election in 1930.
The 1922 Wolverhampton West by-election was a by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Wolverhampton West in Wolverhampton on 7 March 1922. It was won by the Coalition Conservative candidate Sir Robert Bird.
The 1942 Windsor by-election, was a by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Windsor in Berkshire on 30 June 1942. The by-election was won by the Conservative candidate Charles Mott-Radclyffe.
The Coalition Coupon was a letter sent to parliamentary candidates at the 1918 United Kingdom general election, endorsing them as official representatives of the Coalition Government. The 1918 election took place in the heady atmosphere of victory in the First World War and the desire for revenge on Germany and its allies. Receiving the coupon was interpreted by the electorate as a sign of patriotism that helped candidates gain election, while those who did not receive it had a more difficult time as they were sometimes seen as anti-war or pacifist. The letters were all dated 20 November 1918 and were signed by Prime Minister David Lloyd George for the Coalition Liberals and Bonar Law, the leader of the Conservative Party. As a result, the 1918 general election has become known as "the coupon election".
The 1919 Kingston upon Hull Central by-election was a parliamentary by-election held for the House of Commons constituency of Kingston upon Hull Central on 29 March 1919. The by-election was the fifth to be held during the 1918-1922 parliament.
The Carlton Club meeting, on 19 October 1922, was a formal meeting of Members of Parliament who belonged to the Conservative Party, called to discuss whether the party should remain in government in coalition with a section of the Liberal Party under the leadership of Liberal Prime Minister David Lloyd George. The party leadership favoured continuing, but the party rebels led by Bonar Law and Stanley Baldwin argued that participation was damaging the party. The meeting voted decisively against the Coalition, which resulted in its collapse, the resignation of Austen Chamberlain as party leader, and the invitation of Law to form a Government. The Conservatives subsequently won the general election with an overall majority.
The National Liberal Party was a liberal political party in the United Kingdom from 1922–23. It was created as a formal party organisation for those Liberals, led by Prime Minister David Lloyd George, who supported the Coalition Government (1918–22) and subsequently a revival of the Coalition, after it ceased holding office. It was officially a breakaway from the Liberal Party. The National Liberals ceased to exist in 1923 when Lloyd George agreed to a merger with the Liberal Party.
The 1922 Liverpool Exchange by-election was a by-election held in England for the House of Commons constituency of Liverpool Exchange on 13 March 1922.
The 1922 Nottingham East by-election was held on 29 June 1922. The by-election was held due to the death of the incumbent Coalition Conservative MP, John David Rees. It was won by the Coalition Conservative candidate John Houfton.
The 1922 Newbury by-election was held on 10 June 1922. The by-election was held due to the resignation of the incumbent Coalition Conservative MP, William Mount. It was won by the Coalition Conservative candidate Howard Clifton Brown.
The 1922 Clapham by-election was held on 9 May 1922. The by-election was held due to the resignation of the incumbent Coalition Conservative MP, Sir Arthur du Cros, Bt.
The 1922 Camberwell North by-election was held on 20 February 1922. The by-election was held due to the resignation of the incumbent Coalition Conservative MP, Henry Newton Knights. It was won by the Labour candidate Charles Ammon.
The 1922 Ludlow by-election was held on 4 January 1922. The by-election was held due to the death of the incumbent Coalition Conservative MP, Beville Stanier. It was won by the Coalition Conservative candidate, Ivor Windsor-Clive.
The 1921 Chichester by-election was held on 23 April 1921. The by-election was held due to the resignation of the incumbent Coalition Conservative MP, Lord Edmund Talbot. It was won by the Coalition Conservative candidate William Bird, who was unopposed.
References
- ↑ Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs
- ↑ Debrett's House of Commons & Judicial Bench, 1922
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