The two-round system, also called ballotage, top-two runoff, or two-round plurality, is a single winner voting method. It is sometimes called plurality-runoff, although this term can also be used for other, closely-related systems such as instant-runoff voting or the exhaustive ballot. It falls under the class of plurality-based voting rules, together with instant-runoff and first-past-the-post (FPP). In a two-round system, if no candidate receives a majority of the vote in the first round, the two candidates with the most votes in the first round proceed to a second round where all other candidates are excluded. Both rounds are held under choose-one voting, where the voter marks a single favored candidate.
Guinea elects on the national level a head of state—the president—and a legislature. The president is elected for a five-year term by the people through a two-round system. The National Assembly has 114 members, elected for five-year terms, 38 members in single-seat constituencies and 76 members by proportional representation.
General elections were held in Monaco on 9 February 2003. The result was a victory for the Union for Monaco alliance, which won 21 of the 24 seats in the National Council. Within the alliance, twelve seats were won by the Union for the Principality, four by the National Union for the Future of Monaco, three by Promotion of the Monegasque Family and two by Rally for Monaco.
Instant-runoff voting is a single-winner, multi-round elimination rule that uses ranked voting to simulate a series of runoff elections. In each round, the candidate with the fewest first-preferences is eliminated. This continues until only one candidate is left. Instant runoff falls under the plurality-with-elimination family of voting methods, and is thus closely related to rules like the two-round runoff system.
An electoral or voting system is a set of rules used to determine the results of an election. Electoral systems are used in politics to elect governments, while non-political elections may take place in business, non-profit organisations and informal organisations. These rules govern all aspects of the voting process: when elections occur, who is allowed to vote, who can stand as a candidate, how ballots are marked and cast, how the ballots are counted, how votes translate into the election outcome, limits on campaign spending, and other factors that can affect the result. Political electoral systems are defined by constitutions and electoral laws, are typically conducted by election commissions, and can use multiple types of elections for different offices.
Parliamentary elections were held in the Republic of the Congo on 15 July 2012. A second round was held on 5 August 2012. The second round was previously moved forward to 29 July, without explanation, but ultimately was held on the original date.
General elections were held in Monaco on 19 January 1958. The result was a victory for the National Union of Independents, which won 11 of the 18 seats in the National Council.
General elections were held in Monaco on 24 March 1968. The result was a victory for the National and Democratic Union, which won all 18 seats in the National Council.
General elections were held in Monaco on 4 February 1973, with a second round of voting on 11 February. The result was a victory for the National and Democratic Union, which won 16 of the 18 seats in the National Council.
General elections were held in Monaco on 15 January 1978. The result was a victory for the National and Democratic Union, which won all 18 seats in the National Council.
General elections were held in Monaco on 9 January 1983. The result was a victory for the National and Democratic Union, which won all 18 seats in the National Council.
General elections were held in Monaco on 24 January 1988. The result was a victory for the National and Democratic Union, which won all 18 seats in the National Council.
General elections were held in Monaco on 24 January 1993, with a second round of voting on 31 January. The result was a victory for the National and Democratic Union, which won 15 of the 18 seats in the National Council, the first time since 1973 that it had failed to win all 18 seats.
General elections were held in Monaco on 1 February 1998, with a second round of voting on 8 February. The result was a victory for the National and Democratic Union, which won all 18 seats in the National Council.
The Third Republic of Madagascar (officially called the Republic of Madagascar refers to the 18-year-long period in Malagasy history after the dissolution of the socialist regime in 1992.
General elections were held in Monaco on 11 February 2018. Since the General Election of 2013, the largest party, Horizon Monaco, split, which led to the formation of a new political party – Primo! Priorite Monaco. The latter won 58% of the vote, while the other parties, Horizon Monaco and Union Monégasque got 26% and 16% respectively. This led to a 21-seat gain for Primo!, with the 3 remaining seats being divided between Horizon Monaco and Union Monégasque.
General elections were held in Monaco on 5 February 2023. The result was a landslide victory for the governing Monegasque National Union led by Brigitte Boccone-Pagès, which won all 24 seats on the National Council. The new council was sworn in on 16 February.
General elections were held in Monaco on 15 December 1946 with a second round on 22 December 1946 to elect the 18 members of the National Council.
General elections were held in Monaco on 8 January 1950 with a second round on 15 January 1950 to elect the 18 members of the National Council.
General elections were held in Monaco on 27 November 1955 to elect the 18 members of the National Council.
