1992 Nemadji River train derailment

Last updated

1992 Nemadji River train derailment
1992 Nemadji River train derailment
Details
LocationSuperior, Wisconsin
CountryUnited States
Incident typeDerailment

On June 30, 1992, a Burlington Northern Railroad freight train derailed on a bridge over the Nemadji River at the southern edge of town of Superior, Wisconsin. The derailment resulted in a liquid benzene spill into the river. The fumes from the spill led to an evacuation of an estimated 80,000 residents from the town of Superior, the city of Superior and Duluth, Minnesota, apparently the largest evacuation in U.S. history resulting from a train accident. [1]

Contents

Background

The Burlington Northern freight train involved in the accident was made up of three locomotives and 54 freight cars. The train crew consisted of: an engineer, a conductor and a brakeman.

Derailment and the Benzene Release Spill

The derailment of the southbound freight train happened at about 2:50 am June 30, 1992, at the intersection of Wisconsin Highway 35, the railroad line and the Nemadji River. [2] The train's, three engines and several freight cars made it safely across the bridge and onto the other side before the derailment occurred. Three tank cars as well as a boxcar, a hopper and several bulkhead flatcars loaded with lumber, derailed on the curve that led straight towards the bridge. Due to the 'dragging effect' of the derailed freight cars in the middle portion of the train, resulted in tumbling off the rails in the middle section of the bridge and plunging 75 feet down into the river below. Directly behind the derailed cars of the mid-section of the train, several of the derailed cars on the curve leading upto the trestle, tipped over onto their sides, spilling lumber all over the place, while the remaining cars at the rear of the train remained on the tracks unharmed. When the derailment happened, the engine crew felt a jolt and brought the train to an emergency stop. After noticing that there was a derailment, they immediately radioed the BN dispatcher about the accident. One of the train's tank cars fell 75 feet from the bridge into the Nemadji River. The ruptured car released nearly 22,000 gallons of aromatic concentrates including liquid benzene and toluene into the river. Thirteen other derailed cars fell onto land banks. Two of these cars were carrying propane; other cars were carrying lumber. [1] The water at the location of the BN bridge over Nemadji River was seven feet deep. The US NOAA's initial statement that day estimated the water flow rate to be 830,000 gpm, and that accordingly, the water would soon flush away spilled oil product. However, in the NOAA's early statement, it said that the water in Superior Bay was stagnant with a high turbidity. [2]

A toxic cloud of the benzene formed about Duluth and Superior. Benzene is a clear and flammable liquid. It is used for the creation of lacquers, varnishes and other admixtures. [1]

Government offices were closed on both sides of the Minnesota-Wisconsin border. Inmates in the St. Louis County, Minnesota jail were moved elsewhere. The Duluth Transit Authority was utilized in evacuated residents from senior apartments and nursing homes. Roads into Superior were closed. Superior police captain Doug Osell said, "It looked like a ghost town. Cars were leaving in droves." About 50,000 residents from Duluth were evacuated and about 35,000 people from Superior were evacuated. Around 205 Army and Air National Guard members from Minnesota and Wisconsin assisted with the evacuations and security. [1]

26 people were treated at area hospitals for irritations after breathing the benzene fumes. The benzene gases created a visible haze. The benzene cloud moved west of Duluth and dissipated on account of rain. The evacuation order was lifted from Duluth at 3:30 pm and from Superior at 6:00 pm. [1]

Responses by government officials

Wisconsin Governor Tommy Thompson on the day of the accident declared a state of emergency for Douglas County, the county of Superior. Thompson and the Minnesota governor Arne Carlson convened late in the day. [1]

Environmental effects

On August 3rd, 1992, the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources reported that the spill from derailment killed thousands of fish and an unspecified number of other animals. The DNR's report said that most of the dead fish were carp, suckers, redhorse, shiners, and minnows. The report went on to say that the rains subsequent to the spill "helped to dilute the chemical and probably reduced the potential magnitude of the fish kill." The report said that 16 species of wild animals and six species of domestic animals died. The DNR report also stated that vegetation along the Nemadji River suffered damage. [3]

Residual oil from the spill traveled downstream north to Superior Bay, Allouez Bay, and Lake Superior. [3]

=The Cause of Derailment

The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) investigated the derailment and reported that the train had derailed because of 'bad track', by a invisible fault known as "shelling". Shelling is a deterioration of the rails from the inside out. It is very hard to see from the naked eye. In its report, the NTSB faulted the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) for not inspecting the track properly before the accident occurred.


On April 4, 1995, it was announced that Burlington Northern agreed to make payments in a settlement over this spill and for two other spills in Wyoming. In the settlement, Burlington Northern agreed to pay $1.5 million. $1.1 million of this was a civil penalty under the Oil Pollution Act of 1990. The consent decree also obliged the railroad to spend $1.2 million in technology to prevent derailments. The railroad agreed to buy three ultrasonic rail inspection cars which would improve the ability to find rail defects and prevent derailments. Additionally, the railroad agreed to pay the US Environmental Protection Agency and other federal agencies for costs in response to the oil spill. The railroad also agreed to pay $250,000 to a fund managed cooperatively by the U.S. Department of the Interior, the Bad River of Lake Superior Chippewas and the Red Cliff Band of Lake Superior Chippewa. Lastly, Burlington Northern committed pay $100,000 to a fund for the use of studying the type of rail defects in the Nemadji River train derailment. [4]

Media

The derailment and benzene spill was featured in an episode of A&E's Investigative Reports episode "Danger on the Rails".

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Great Northern Railway (U.S.)</span> Defunct American Class I railroad

The Great Northern Railway was an American Class I railroad. Running from Saint Paul, Minnesota, to Seattle, Washington, it was the creation of 19th-century railroad entrepreneur James J. Hill and was developed from the Saint Paul & Pacific Railroad. The Great Northern's route was the northernmost transcontinental railroad route in the U.S.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">St. Croix River (Wisconsin–Minnesota)</span> River in Wisconsin and Minnesota, United States

The St. Croix River is a tributary of the Mississippi River, about 169 mi (272 km) long, in the U.S. states of Wisconsin and Minnesota. The lower 125 mi (201 km) of the river form the border between Wisconsin and Minnesota. The river is a National Scenic Riverway under the protection of the National Park Service. A hydroelectric plant at the Saint Croix Falls Dam supplies power to the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Canadian National Railway</span> Canadian Class I freight railway company

The Canadian National Railway Company is a Canadian Class I freight railway headquartered in Montreal, Quebec, which serves Canada and the Midwestern and Southern United States.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Duluth, Winnipeg and Pacific Railway</span> Subsidiary railroad of Canadian National Railway

The Duluth, Winnipeg and Pacific Railway is a subsidiary railroad of Canadian National Railway (CN) operating in northern Minnesota, United States. A CN system-wide rebranding beginning in 1995 has seen the DWP logo and name largely replaced by its parent company. The DWP line is CN's connection between International Falls and Duluth, Minnesota, where the railroad connects to a short stretch of the former Duluth, Missabe and Iron Range Railway before following the former Wisconsin Central to Chicago, Illinois.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Weyauwega, Wisconsin, derailment</span> 1996 train accident in Wisconsin, U.S.

The Weyauwega derailment was a railroad accident that occurred in Weyauwega, Wisconsin, United States, in the early morning hours of March 4, 1996. The derailed train was carrying a large quantity of hazardous material, which immediately caught fire. The fire, which involved the train cars and an adjacent feed mill, burned for more than two weeks after the actual derailment, resulting in the emergency evacuation of 2,300 people for 18 days, including the entire city of Weyauwega, with about 1,700 evacuees.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Montana Rail Link</span> Freight railroad in Idaho, Montana, and Washington

Montana Rail Link was a privately held Class II railroad in the United States. It operated on trackage originally built by the Northern Pacific Railway and leased from its successor BNSF Railway. MRL was a unit of The Washington Companies and was headquartered in Missoula, Montana.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">EMD SD45</span> Class of diesel-electric locomotives

The SD45 is a six-axle diesel-electric locomotive class built by General Motors Electro-Motive Division between 1965 and 1971. It has an EMD 645E3 twenty-cylinder engine generating 3,600 hp (2,680 kW) on the same frame as the SD38, SD39, SD40, and SDP40. As of 2023, most SD45s have been retired, scrapped or rebuilt to SD40-2 standards.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nemadji River</span> River in Minnesota and Wisconsin, United States

The Nemadji River is a river rising in Pine County, Minnesota, United States, which flows through Carlton County, Minnesota, and Douglas County, Wisconsin, to Lake Superior. The river is 70.8 miles (113.9 km) long measured from its source in Maheu Lake in Pine County, and 34.9 miles (56.2 km) from its confluence with the South Fork in Carlton County just east of the Minnesota-Wisconsin border. The Nemadji River empties into Lake Superior in an industrial neighborhood at Allouez Bay in the city of Superior's east-side neighborhood of Allouez and Wisconsin Point.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">St. Paul and Duluth Railroad</span>

The St. Paul and Duluth Railroad, a railroad in Minnesota and Wisconsin, operated independently from 1877, when it was reorganized from the Lake Superior and Mississippi Railroad, until 1900, when it was bought by the Northern Pacific Railway. It was nicknamed named the "Skally Line", likely based upon the Anglicization of the Swedish word "skulle", meaning "would." Many Swedish immigrants "would" take the line, which ran from Saint Paul to Duluth, Minnesota, and had branches to the Minnesota destinations of Minneapolis, Taylors Falls, Kettle River and Cloquet; and the Wisconsin destinations of Grantsburg and Superior.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wisconsin Central Ltd.</span> Transport company

Wisconsin Central Ltd. is a railroad subsidiary of Canadian National. At one time, its parent Wisconsin Central Transportation Corporation owned or operated railroads in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, New Zealand, and Australia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">DOT-111 tank car</span> North American tank car for rail transport

In rail transport, the U.S. DOT-111 tank car, also known as the TC-111 in Canada, is a type of unpressurized general service tank car in common use in North America. Tank cars built to this specification must be circular in cross section, with elliptical, formed heads set convex outward. They have a minimum plate thickness of 716 inch (11.1 mm) and a maximum capacity of 34,500 US gallons. Tanks may be constructed from carbon steel, aluminum alloy, high alloy steel, or nickel plate steel by fusion welding.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Penns Grove Secondary</span>

Penns Grove Secondary is a rail freight line in the Delaware Valley in the southwestern part of New Jersey. Part of Conrail's South Jersey/Philadelphia Shared Assets it runs for approximately 20 miles (32 km) between its southern terminus at Penns Grove and Woodbury at the north where it joins the Vineland Secondary about 8.5 miles (13.7 km) south of Pavonia Yard in Camden. At its southern end the Deepwater Point Running Track continues another 3.7 miles (6 km) through Carneys Point to Deepwater.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2012 Paulsboro train derailment</span> Disaster in Gloucester County, New Jersey

On November 30, 2012, a daily freight train running on Conrail Shared Assets Operations Penns Grove Secondary derailed in Paulsboro, a borough with an industrial and maritime economy, in Gloucester County, New Jersey. As a result, vinyl chloride from one car leaked into the air. In 2023 several news reports drew parallels between this derailment and the 2023 Ohio train derailment in East Palestine, Ohio, which also involved release of vinyl chloride.

At 4:25 pm on July 8, 1986, a 44 car Baltimore and Ohio railroad freight train, traveling at 45 miles per hour, bound south to Cincinnati, derailed near Miamisburg, Ohio, a small city with an industrial history in Montgomery County, southwest of Dayton. Fifteen of the cars derailed on a bridge; these were tank cars containing yellow phosphorus, molten sulfur and tallow. Carrying a chemical used to make rat poison, fireworks and luminescent coatings, one tank car caught fire. This resulted in emission of an estimated 1,000 foot (300 m) high cloud of phosphorus. A subsequent incident caused the largest train accident-triggered evacuation at the time in the United States. The accident was the second major rail disaster in Miamisburg within an eight-year period. On September 10, 1978, 15 cars of a Conrail train derailed.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 UPI Archives, June 30, 1992 'Benzene spill forces evacuation of some 80,000' https://www.upi.com/Archives/1992/06/30/Benzene-spill-forces-evacuation-of-some-80000/2171709876800/ Archived March 5, 2023, at the Wayback Machine
  2. 1 2 US NOAA, 'Incident News,' June 30, 1992, followed by updates through September 8, 1992, 'Superior, Wisconsin Train Derailment; Intersection of State Highway 35, the Nemadji River, and the Burlington Northern rail line, Superior, Wisconsin' https://incidentnews.noaa.gov/incident/6890# Archived July 14, 2023, at the Wayback Machine !
  3. 1 2 UPI Archives, August 3, 1992, 'Chemical spill kills fish, animals,' https://www.upi.com/Archives/1992/08/03/Chemical-spill-kills-fish-animals/5950712814400/
  4. U.S. Department of Justice, Press Release, April 4, 1995, 'BURLINGTON NORTHERN AGREES TO PAY $1.5 MILLION TO SETTLE CLAIMS FOR THREE SPILLS' https://www.justice.gov/archive/opa/pr/Pre_96/April95/188.txt.html Archived March 7, 2023, at the Wayback Machine

46°35′39″N92°07′15″W / 46.59418°N 92.12086°W / 46.59418; -92.12086