1992 Nemadji River train derailment

Last updated

1992 Nemadji River train derailment
1992 Nemadji River train derailment
Details
LocationSuperior, Wisconsin
CountryUnited States
Incident typeDerailment

On June 30, 1992, a Burlington Northern Railroad freight train derailed on a bridge over the Nemadji River at the southern edge of town of Superior, Wisconsin. The derailment resulted in a liquid benzene spill into the river. The fumes from the spill led to an evacuation of an estimated 80,000 residents from the town of Superior, the city of Superior and Duluth, Minnesota, apparently the largest evacuation in U.S. history resulting from a train accident. [1]

Contents

Background

The derailment of the southbound train happened at about 2:50 am June 30, 1992, at the intersection of Wisconsin Highway 35, the rail line and the Nemadji River. [2] One of the train's tank cars fell 75 feet from the bridge into the Nemadji River. The ruptured car released nearly 22,000 gallons of aromatic concentrates including liquid benzene and toluene into the river. Thirteen other derailed cars fell onto land banks. Two of these cars were carrying propane; other cars were carrying lumber. [1] The water at the location of the BN bridge over Nemadji River was seven feet deep. The US NOAA's initial statement that day estimated the water flow rate to be 830,000 gpm, and that accordingly, the water would soon flush away spilled oil product. However, in the NOAA's early statement, it said that the water in Superior Bay was stagnant with a high turbidity. [2]

A toxic cloud of the benzene formed about Duluth and Superior. Benzene is a clear and flammable liquid. It is used for the creation of lacquers, varnishes and other admixtures. [1]

Government offices were closed on both sides of the Minnesota-Wisconsin border. Inmates in the St. Louis County, Minnesota jail were moved elsewhere. The Duluth Transit Authority was utilized in evacuated residents from senior apartments and nursing homes. Roads into Superior were closed. Superior police captain Doug Osell said, "It looked like a ghost town. Cars were leaving in droves." About 50,000 residents from Duluth were evacuated and about 35,000 people from Superior were evacuated. Around 205 Army and Air National Guard members from Minnesota and Wisconsin assisted with the evacuations and security. [1]

26 people were treated at area hospitals for irritations after breathing the benzene fumes. The benzene gases created a visible haze. The benzene cloud moved west of Duluth and dissipated on account of rain. The evacuation order was lifted from Duluth at 3:30 pm and from Superior at 6:00 pm. [1]

Responses by government officials

Wisconsin Governor Tommy Thompson on the day of the accident declared a state of emergency for Douglas County, the county of Superior. Thompson and the Minnesota governor Arne Carlson convened late in the day. [1]

Environmental effects

On August 3, 1992, the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources reported that the spill from derailment killed thousands of fish and an unspecified number of other animals. The DNR's report said that most of the dead fish were carp, suckers, redhorse, shiners, and minnows. The report went on to say that the rains subsequent to the spill "helped to dilute the chemical and probably reduced the potential magnitude of the fish kill." The report said that 16 species of wild animals and six species of domestic animals died. The DNR report also stated that vegetation along the Nemadji River suffered damage. [3]

Residual oil from the spill traveled downstream north to Superior Bay, Allouez Bay and Lake Superior. [3]

On April 4, 1995, it was announced that Burlington Northern agreed to make payments in a settlement over this spill and for two other spills in Wyoming. In the settlement, Burlington Northern agreed to pay $1.5 million. $1.1 million of this was a civil penalty under the Oil Pollution Act of 1990. The consent decree also obliged the railroad to spend $1.2 million in technology to prevent derailments. The railroad agreed to buy three ultrasonic rail inspection cars which would improve the ability to find rail defects and prevent derailments. Additionally, the railroad agreed to pay the US Environmental Protection Agency and other federal agencies for costs in response to the oil spill. The railroad also agreed to pay $250,000 to a fund managed cooperatively by the U.S. Department of the Interior, the Bad River of Lake Superior Chippewas and the Red Cliff Band of Lake Superior Chippewa. Lastly, Burlington Northern committed pay $100,000 to a fund for the use of studying the type of rail defects in the Nemadji River train derailment. [4]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Great Northern Railway (U.S.)</span> Defunct American Class I railroad

The Great Northern Railway was an American Class I railroad. Running from Saint Paul, Minnesota, to Seattle, Washington, it was the creation of 19th-century railroad entrepreneur James J. Hill and was developed from the Saint Paul & Pacific Railroad. The Great Northern's route was the northernmost transcontinental railroad route in the U.S.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">St. Croix River (Wisconsin–Minnesota)</span> River in Wisconsin and Minnesota, United States

The St. Croix River is a tributary of the Mississippi River, approximately 169 miles (272 km) long, in the U.S. states of Wisconsin and Minnesota. The lower 125 miles (201 km) of the river form the border between Wisconsin and Minnesota. The river is a National Scenic Riverway under the protection of the National Park Service. A hydroelectric plant at the Saint Croix Falls Dam supplies power to the Minneapolis–St. Paul metropolitan area.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Canadian National Railway</span> Canadian Class I freight railway company

The Canadian National Railway Company is a Canadian Class I freight railway headquartered in Montreal, Quebec, which serves Canada and the Midwestern and Southern United States.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Milwaukee Road 261</span> Preserved American 4-8-4 locomotive

Milwaukee Road 261 is a class "S3" 4-8-4 "Northern" type steam locomotive built by the American Locomotive Company (ALCO) in Schenectady, New York in July 1944 for the Milwaukee Road.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Soo Line Railroad</span> American class I railroad

The Soo Line Railroad is one of the primary United States railroad subsidiaries for the CPKC Railway, one of six U.S. Class I railroads, controlled through the Soo Line Corporation. Although it is named for the Minneapolis, St. Paul and Sault Ste. Marie Railroad (MStP&SSM), which was commonly known as the Soo Line after the phonetic spelling of Sault, it was formed in 1961 by the consolidation of that company with two other CPKC subsidiaries: The Duluth, South Shore and Atlantic Railway, and the Wisconsin Central Railway. It is also the successor to other Class I railroads, including the Minneapolis, Northfield and Southern Railway and the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad. On the other hand, a large amount of mileage was spun off in 1987 to Wisconsin Central Ltd., now part of the Canadian National Railway. The Soo Line Railroad and the Delaware and Hudson Railway, CPKC's other major subsidiary, presently do business as the Canadian Pacific Railway (CP). Most equipment has been repainted into the CP scheme, but the U.S. Surface Transportation Board groups all of the company's U.S. subsidiaries under the Soo Line name for reporting purposes. The Minneapolis headquarters are in the Canadian Pacific Plaza building, having moved from the nearby Soo Line Building.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Duluth, Winnipeg and Pacific Railway</span> Subsidiary railroad of Canadian National Railway

The Duluth, Winnipeg and Pacific Railway is a subsidiary railroad of Canadian National Railway (CN) operating in northern Minnesota, United States. A CN system-wide rebranding beginning in 1995 has seen the DWP logo and name largely replaced by its parent company. The DWP line is CN's connection between International Falls and Duluth, Minnesota, where the railroad connects to a short stretch of the former Duluth, Missabe and Iron Range Railway before following the former Wisconsin Central to Chicago, Illinois.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Weyauwega, Wisconsin, derailment</span> 1996 train accident in Wisconsin, U.S.

The Weyauwega derailment was a railroad accident that occurred in Weyauwega, Wisconsin, United States, in the early morning hours of March 4, 1996. The derailed train was carrying a large quantity of hazardous material, which immediately caught fire. The fire, which involved the train cars and an adjacent feed mill, burned for more than two weeks after the actual derailment, resulting in the emergency evacuation of 2,300 people for 18 days, including the entire city of Weyauwega, with about 1,700 evacuees.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Montana Rail Link</span> Freight railroad in Idaho, Montana, and Washington

Montana Rail Link was a privately held Class II railroad in the United States. It operated on trackage originally built by the Northern Pacific Railway and leased from its successor BNSF Railway. MRL was a unit of The Washington Companies and was headquartered in Missoula, Montana.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">EMD SD45</span> Class of diesel-electric locomotives

The SD45 is a six-axle diesel-electric locomotive class built by General Motors Electro-Motive Division between 1965 and 1971. It has an EMD 645E3 twenty-cylinder engine generating 3,600 hp (2,680 kW) on the same frame as the SD38, SD39, SD40, and SDP40. As of 2023, most SD45s have been retired, scrapped or rebuilt to SD40-2 standards.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">North Shore (Lake Superior)</span> Geographic region in the United States and Canada

The North Shore of Lake Superior runs from Duluth, Minnesota, United States, at the western end of the lake, to Thunder Bay and Nipigon, Ontario, Canada, in the north, to Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario in the east. The shore is characterized by alternating rocky cliffs and cobblestone beaches, with forested hills and ridges through which scenic rivers and waterfalls descend as they flow to Lake Superior.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lake Superior Railroad Museum</span> Railroad museum in Duluth, Minnesota

The Lake Superior Railroad Museum is a railroad museum in Duluth, Minnesota, United States.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nemadji River</span> River in Minnesota and Wisconsin, United States

The Nemadji River is a river rising in Pine County, Minnesota, United States, which flows through Carlton County, Minnesota, and Douglas County, Wisconsin, to Lake Superior. The river is 70.8 miles (113.9 km) long measured from its source in Maheu Lake in Pine County, and 34.9 miles (56.2 km) from its confluence with the South Fork in Carlton County just east of the Minnesota-Wisconsin border. The Nemadji River empties into Lake Superior in an industrial neighborhood at Allouez Bay in the city of Superior's east-side neighborhood of Allouez and Wisconsin Point.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">St. Paul and Duluth Railroad</span>

The St. Paul and Duluth Railroad was reorganized from the Lake Superior and Mississippi Railroad in 1877. It was bought by the Northern Pacific in 1900. Known as the "Skally Line", it operated from Saint Paul to Duluth, Minnesota, with branches to Minneapolis, Taylors Falls, Kettle River, and Cloquet, in Minnesota, and Grantsburg and Superior in Wisconsin.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wisconsin Central Ltd.</span> Transport company

Wisconsin Central Ltd. is a railroad subsidiary of Canadian National. At one time, its parent Wisconsin Central Transportation Corporation owned or operated railroads in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, New Zealand, and Australia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cloquet Terminal Railroad</span> Shortline railroad in Minnesota, U.S.

Cloquet Terminal Railroad is a small Class 3 terminal railroad operating 6 miles (9.7 km) of track in Cloquet, Minnesota. The railroad interchanges with the Burlington Northern Santa Fe and Canadian Pacific railroads in Cloquet and services the Sappi Paper Mill, a USG Ceiling Tile plant and a SMI Plant on the mill site. The railroad's shop and offices are located on Dunlap Island in the St. Louis River.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Duluth Depot</span> Arts and Culture Center in Minnesota, United States

The St. Louis County Depot is a historic railroad station in Duluth, Minnesota, United States. It was built as a union station in 1892, serving seven railroads at its peak. Rail service ceased in 1969 and the building was threatened with demolition until it reopened in 1973 as St. Louis County Heritage & Arts Center . Train service also resumed from 1974 to 1985, by Amtrak.

<i>Arrowhead</i> (train) Former Amtrak passenger train

The Arrowhead was a daily passenger train operated by Amtrak between Minneapolis, Minnesota, and Superior, Wisconsin, in the United States. After two years of operation, service was extended from Superior to Duluth, Minnesota.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Minnesota and International Railway</span>

The Minnesota and International Railway was a subsidiary of the Northern Pacific Railway, a railway that operated in the western United States along the Canada–United States border. In 1970, the Northern Pacific merged with other lines to form the Burlington Northern Railroad.

At 4:25 pm on July 8, 1986, a 44 car Baltimore and Ohio railroad freight train, traveling at 45 miles per hour, bound south to Cincinnati, derailed near Miamisburg, Ohio, a small city with an industrial history in Montgomery County, southwest of Dayton. Fifteen of the cars derailed on a bridge; these were tank cars containing yellow phosphorus, molten sulfur and tallow. Carrying a chemical used to make rat poison, fireworks and luminescent coatings, one tank car caught fire. This resulted in emission of an estimated 1,000 foot (300 m) high cloud of phosphorus. A subsequent incident caused the largest train accident-triggered evacuation at the time in the United States. The accident was the second major rail disaster in Miamisburg within an eight-year period. On September 10, 1978, 15 cars of a Conrail train derailed.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 UPI Archives, June 30, 1992 'Benzene spill forces evacuation of some 80,000' https://www.upi.com/Archives/1992/06/30/Benzene-spill-forces-evacuation-of-some-80000/2171709876800/ Archived March 5, 2023, at the Wayback Machine
  2. 1 2 US NOAA, 'Incident News,' June 30, 1992, followed by updates through September 8, 1992, 'Superior, Wisconsin Train Derailment; Intersection of State Highway 35, the Nemadji River, and the Burlington Northern rail line, Superior, Wisconsin' https://incidentnews.noaa.gov/incident/6890# Archived July 14, 2023, at the Wayback Machine !
  3. 1 2 UPI Archives, August 3, 1992, 'Chemical spill kills fish, animals,' https://www.upi.com/Archives/1992/08/03/Chemical-spill-kills-fish-animals/5950712814400/
  4. U.S. Department of Justice, Press Release, April 4, 1995, 'BURLINGTON NORTHERN AGREES TO PAY $1.5 MILLION TO SETTLE CLAIMS FOR THREE SPILLS' https://www.justice.gov/archive/opa/pr/Pre_96/April95/188.txt.html Archived March 7, 2023, at the Wayback Machine

46°35′39″N92°07′15″W / 46.59418°N 92.12086°W / 46.59418; -92.12086