1st Parliament of Zimbabwe

The 1st Parliament of Zimbabwe began in 1980 and expired in 1985. Per the Lancaster House Agreement, 20 out of the 100 seats in the House of Assembly and 10 out of the 40 seats in the Senate were reserved for white Zimbabweans. The Parliament's membership was set by the 1980 Southern Rhodesian general election, which gave ZANU–PF a nearly 57 percent majority of common seats in the House of Assembly, with PF–ZAPU taking most of the remaining seats. The 20 seats reserved for whites were initially all held by the conservative Rhodesian Front, but a majority later became independents.

Composition

Senate

Party		Start	End
	ZANU–PF	18	18
	ZAPU–PF	2	2
	CAZ [note 1]	10	6
	Ind. [note 2]	0	4
	Chiefs	10	10
Total		40	40

House of Assembly

Date	Party					Total	Vacant
	CAZ [note 1]	UANC	ZANU–PF	ZAPU–PF	Ind. [note 2]
14 May 1980 (opened)	20	3	57	20	0	100	0
October 1980	20	3	57	19	0	99	1
Late 1980 [1]	19	3	57	19	0	98	2
Early 1981 [2]	19	3	57	20	0	99	1
January 1981 [1]	20	3	57	20	0	100	0
April 1981 [3]	19	3	57	20	0	99	1
June 1981 [4]	18	3	57	20	0	98	2
July 1981 [5]	20	3	57	20	0	100	0
November 1981 [6] [7]	19	3	57	20	0	99	1
December 1981 [8]	18	3	57	20	0	98	2
February 1982 [9]	19	3	57	20	0	99	1
4 March 1982 [10]	12	3	57	20	7	99	1
6 March 1982 [11]	11	3	57	20	8	99	1
9 March 1982 [11] [12]	10	3	57	20	9	99	1
April 1982 [13]	11	3	57	20	9	100	0
24 June 1982 [14]	11	3	57	19	9	99	1
19 August 1982 [15]	10	3	57	18	9	98	2
25 August 1982 [14]	10	3	57	19	9	98	2
Late 1982 [8]	9	3	56	19	9	97	3
18 January 1983 [16]	10	3	57	20	9	99	1
19 April 1983 [17]	10	3	57	20	10	100	0
Mid-1983 [18]	9	3	57	20	10	99	1
30 September 1983 [18]	9	3	57	20	11	100	0
1 January 1984 [19]	8	3	57	20	11	99	1
February 1984 [19]	8	3	57	20	12	100	0
1 October 1984 [20]	8	3	57	19	12	99	1
October 1984 [21]	8	3	56	19	12	98	2
December 1984 [22]	7	3	56	19	12	97	3
1985 [23] [24]	6	3	56	20	13	98	2

Senate

Common seats

Name	Party		Notes	Ref.
Bernard Chidzero		ZANU–PF		[25] [26]
George Chinengundu		ZANU–PF		[25] [26]
Mudhumeni Chivende		ZANU–PF		[25] [26]
Joseph Culverwell		ZANU–PF		[25] [26]
Johnson Hungwe		ZANU–PF		[25] [26]
Lameck Makanda		ZANU–PF		[25] [26]
Agrippa Makunde		ZANU–PF	Left office in 1982. [note 3]	[25] [26] [27]
Fred Moyo		ZANU–PF		[25] [26]
Simbi Mubako		ZANU–PF		[25] [26]
Tsitsi Munyati		ZANU–PF		[25] [26]
Alick Ndlovu		ZANU–PF		[25] [26]
Moven Ndlovu		ZANU–PF	Died 9 November 1984. [note 4]	[25] [26] [28]
Enos Nkala		ZANU–PF		[25] [26]
John Shoniwa		ZANU–PF		[25] [26]
Sunny Takawira		ZANU–PF		[25] [26]
Rekayi Tangwena		ZANU–PF		[25] [26]
Tarisai Ziyambi		ZANU–PF		[25] [26]
Joseph Msika		PF–ZAPU		[25] [26]
Garfield Todd		PF–ZAPU		[25] [26]
Denis Norman		Independent		[25] [26]
Fanuel Chingoma		Chief		[26]
C. P. Chitanga		Chief		[26]
Myinga Dakamela		Chief		[26]
Mtozima Gwebu		Chief		[26]
Lameck Mashayamombe		Chief		[26]
Edgar Tiyeni Msikavanhu		Chief		[26]
Kayisa Ndiweni		Chief		[26]
M. M. Nyati		Chief		[26]
M. K. Ncube		Chief		[26]
M. D. M. Whata		Chief		[26]

White seats

Name	Party		Notes	Ref.
Lou Ankers		Rhodesian Front [note 5]		[25] [26]
Bob Blunt		Rhodesian Front [note 5]		[25] [26]
Margaret Clark		Rhodesian Front [note 5]	Left office before 1984.	[25] [26]
Ken Fleming		Rhodesian Front [note 5]		[25] [26]
Douglas Hamilton Ritchie		Rhodesian Front [note 5]	Resigned September 1980. [note 6]	[25] [26]
George Hartley		Rhodesian Front [note 5]		[25] [26]
Jack Mussett		Rhodesian Front [note 5]	Left office before 1984.	[25] [26]
Mark Partridge		Rhodesian Front [note 5]		[25] [26]
Paul Savage		Rhodesian Front [note 5]	Murdered 2 April 1983. [note 7]	[25] [26] [29]
Sam Whaley		Rhodesian Front [note 5]		[25] [26]

House of Assembly

Common seats

Name	Party		Province	Notes	Ref.
Kumbirai Kangai		ZANU–PF	Manicaland
Maurice Nyagumbo		ZANU–PF	Manicaland
Didymus Mutasa		ZANU–PF	Manicaland
William Ndangana		ZANU–PF	Manicaland
Frederick Shava		ZANU–PF	Manicaland
Victoria Chitepo		ZANU–PF	Manicaland
Naomi Nhiwatiwa		ZANU–PF	Manicaland
Moven Mahachi		ZANU–PF	Manicaland
Joshua Dhube		ZANU–PF	Manicaland
Columbus Makoni		ZANU–PF	Manicaland
Ezekiel Sanyangare		ZANU–PF	Manicaland
Edgar Tekere		ZANU–PF	Mashonaland Central
Joice Mujuru		ZANU–PF	Mashonaland Central
Sydney Sekeramayi		ZANU–PF	Mashonaland Central
Farai Masango		ZANU–PF	Mashonaland Central	Resigned October 1980. [note 8]	[30]
George Rutanhire		ZANU–PF	Mashonaland Central
Joseph Kaparadza		ZANU–PF	Mashonaland Central
Robert Mugabe		ZANU–PF	Mashonaland East
Mark Nuda Dube		ZANU–PF	Mashonaland East
Robert Marere		ZANU–PF	Mashonaland East
Witness Mangwende		ZANU–PF	Mashonaland East
Moses Mvenge		ZANU–PF	Mashonaland East
Edson Shirihuru		ZANU–PF	Mashonaland East
Edward Pswarayi		ZANU–PF	Mashonaland East
Grafton Ziyenge		ZANU–PF	Mashonaland East
Philemon Murambiwa		ZANU–PF	Mashonaland East	Died 16/01/2021 at 90 years
Jack Hunda		ZANU–PF	Mashonaland East
Horace Nyazika		ZANU–PF	Mashonaland East
Godfrey Chidyausiku		ZANU–PF	Mashonaland East
Abraham Kabasa		ZANU–PF	Mashonaland East
Shadreck Rambanepasi		ZANU–PF	Mashonaland East
Abel Muzorewa		UANC	Mashonaland East
Silas Mundawarara		UANC	Mashonaland East
Robson Manyika		ZANU–PF	Mashonaland West
J. Chivaura		ZANU–PF	Mashonaland West
Nathan Shamuyarira		ZANU–PF	Mashonaland West
Alexio Mudzingwa		ZANU–PF	Mashonaland West
Swethan Mombeshora		ZANU–PF	Mashonaland West
Enos Chikowore		ZANU–PF	Mashonaland West
Ariston Chambati		PF–ZAPU	Mashonaland West	Resigned October 1980. [note 9]
Titus Mukarati		UANC	Mashonaland West
Herbert Ushewokunze		ZANU–PF	Matabeleland North
Vote Moyo		PF–ZAPU	Matabeleland North
Donald Mangena		PF–ZAPU	Matabeleland North	Died 24 June 1982. [note 10]
Sydney Malunga		PF–ZAPU	Matabeleland North
Jini Ntuta		PF–ZAPU	Matabeleland North	Died 19 November 1984.
John Nkomo		PF–ZAPU	Matabeleland North
Daniel Ngwenya		PF–ZAPU	Matabeleland North
Ruth Chinamano		PF–ZAPU	Matabeleland North
Jane Ngwenya		PF–ZAPU	Matabeleland North
Thenjiwe Lesabe		PF–ZAPU	Matabeleland North
George Silundika		PF–ZAPU	Matabeleland South	Died 9 April 1981.
Stephen Nkomo		PF–ZAPU	Matabeleland South
Edward Ndlovu		PF–ZAPU	Matabeleland South
Boyson Mguni		PF–ZAPU	Matabeleland South
Callistus Ndlovu		PF–ZAPU	Matabeleland South
Peter Njini		PF–ZAPU	Matabeleland South
Akim Ndlovu		PF–ZAPU	Matabeleland South	Expelled 19 August 1982. [note 11]	[15]
Tamai Vivian Mpofu		PF–ZAPU	Matabeleland South	Sworn on 18 January 1983.	[16]
Simon Muzenda		ZANU–PF	Midlands
Ernest Kadungure		ZANU–PF	Midlands
Emmerson Mnangagwa		ZANU–PF	Midlands
Richard Hove		ZANU–PF	Midlands
Simba Makoni		ZANU–PF	Midlands
Samuel Mumbengewi		ZANU–PF	Midlands
Julia Tukai Zvobgo		ZANU–PF	Midlands
Saviour Mativenga		ZANU–PF	Midlands
Joshua Nkomo		PF–ZAPU	Midlands
Clement Muchachi		PF–ZAPU	Midlands
Cephas Msipa		PF–ZAPU	Midlands
William Kona		PF–ZAPU	Midlands
Samuel Mamutse		ZANU–PF	Victoria [note 12]
Dzingai Mutumbuka		ZANU–PF	Victoria
Eddison Zvobgo		ZANU–PF	Victoria
Sheba Tavarwisa		ZANU–PF	Victoria
Nollan Makombe		ZANU–PF	Victoria
Simon Mazorodze		ZANU–PF	Victoria
Oliver Munyaradzi		ZANU–PF	Victoria
James Bassopo Moyo		ZANU–PF	Victoria	Convicted October 1984. [note 13]	[21]
Nelson Mawema		ZANU–PF	Victoria
Dzikamai Mavhaire		ZANU–PF	Victoria
Albert Taderera		ZANU–PF	Victoria
Source: [31]

White seats

Name	Party		Constituency	Notes	Ref.
John Landau		Rhodesian Front (until 1982) [note 5]	Avondale		[11]
		Independent (from 1982)
David Smith		Rhodesian Front	Borrowdale	Resigned 30 April 1981. [note 14]	[3]
Paddy Shields		Rhodesian Front (until 1982) [note 5]	Bulawayo Central		[10]
		Independent (from 1982)
Denis Walker		Rhodesian Front [note 5]	Bulawayo North	Expelled 19 August 1982. [note 15]	[15]
Wally Stuttaford		Rhodesian Front [note 5]	Bulawayo South	Criminal conviction in 1982. [note 16]	[8] [11]
Rowan Cronjé		Rhodesian Front [note 5]	Central	Resigned November 1981. [note 17]	[6] [7] [8] [9]
Desmond Butler		Rhodesian Front [note 5]	Eastern
P. K. van der Byl		Rhodesian Front [note 5]	Gatooma–Hartley
Richard Cartwright		Rhodesian Front (until 1982) [note 5]	Hatfield		[10]
		Independent (from 1982)
Robert Gaunt		Rhodesian Front	Highlands	Resigned 1980. [note 18]	[1]
Dennis Divaris		Rhodesian Front (until 1982) [note 5]	Kopje		[10]
		Independent (from 1982)
Donald Goddard		Rhodesian Front [note 5]	Lundi	Died 1 January 1984. [note 19]	[19]
Arthur Tapson		Rhodesian Front [note 5]	Makoni	Resigned 1983. [note 20]	[18]
William Michie Irvine		Rhodesian Front (until 1982) [note 5]	Marlborough		[10]
		Independent (from 1982)
André Sothern Holland		Rhodesian Front	Mazoe–Mtoko	Resigned June 1981. [note 21]	[4] [5]
Henry Elsworth		Rhodesian Front (until 1982) [note 5]	Midlands		[10]
		Independent (from 1982)
Chris Andersen		Rhodesian Front (until 1982) [note 5]	Mount Pleasant		[10]
		Independent (from 1982)
Esmond Micklem		Rhodesian Front (until 1982) [note 5]	Northern		[10]
		Independent (from 1982)
Ian Smith		Rhodesian Front [note 5]	Southern
Alec Moseley		Rhodesian Front [note 5]	Western	Resigned December 1981. [note 22]	[8] [13]

Membership changes

Senate

Vacated by	Party		Reason for change	Successor	Party		Installed	Ref.
Douglas Hamilton Ritchie		Rhodesian Front [note 5]	Resigned September 1980 due to ill health.	Archibald Wilson		Rhodesian Front [note 5]	11 February 1981	[32]
Archibald Wilson		Rhodesian Front [note 5]	Resigned in 1982 due to ill health.	Esme Scott		Independent	August 1982	[33] [34]
Agrippa Makunde		ZANU–PF	Criminal conviction in 1982. [note 3]	Missing				[27]
Missing				Max Rosenfels		Independent	April 1983	[33]
Paul Savage		Rhodesian Front [note 5]	Died 2 April 1983. [note 23]	Brian Grubb		Independent	May 1983	[33] [35]
Margaret Clark		Rhodesian Front [note 5]	Left office before 1984.	Missing				[25]
Jack Mussett		Rhodesian Front [note 5]	Left office before 1984.	Missing				[25]
Missing				Terence Oatt		Rhodesian Front [note 5]	Before 1984	[25] [26]
Moven Ndlovu		ZANU–PF	Died 9 November 1984. [note 4]	Missing				[28]
Missing		Chief		Zephaniah Charumbira		Chief	Before 1984.	[25] [26]

House of Assembly

Constituency/province	Vacated by	Party		Reason for change	Successor	Party		Installed	Ref.
Victoria	Nollan Makombe		ZANU–PF	Became president of the Senate in May 1980.	Missing				[36]
Mashonaland West	Ariston Chambati		PF–ZAPU	Resigned October 1980 to become ambassador to West Germany.	Josiah Chinamano		PF–ZAPU	1981	[2] [37]
Mashonaland Central	Farai Masango		ZANU–PF	Resigned October 1980 to become high commissioner to Tanzania.	Moton Malianga		ZANU–PF	1981	[37]
Highlands	Robert Gaunt		Rhodesian Front	Resigned 1980.	James Thrush		Rhodesian Front [note 24]	January 1981	[1] [10]
Borrowdale	David Smith		Rhodesian Front	Resigned 30 April 1981.	John Probert		Republican Front [note 5]	July 1981	[3] [5]
Matabeleland South	George Silundika		PF–ZAPU	Died 9 April 1981.	Missing
Mazoe–Mtoko	André Sothern Holland		Rhodesian Front	Resigned June 1981 to form Democratic Party. [note 25]	Geoff York		Rhodesian Front [note 26]	July 1981	[4] [5] [23]
Central	Rowan Cronjé		Rhodesian Front [note 5]	Resigned November 1981 to emigrate. [note 27]	Tony Berkhout		Republican Front [note 5]	February 1982	[6] [7] [8] [9]
Western	Alec Moseley		Rhodesian Front [note 5]	Resigned December 1981 due to ill health.	Desmond Chalmers		Republican Front [note 5]	April 1982	[8] [13]
Bulawayo South	Wally Stuttaford		Rhodesian Front [note 5]	Criminal conviction in 1982. [note 16]	Bob Nixon		Independent	19 April 1983	[8] [17] [38]
	Donald Mangena		PF–ZAPU	Died 24 June 1982.	Sikajaya Andrew		PF–ZAPU	25 August 1982	[14]
Matabeleland South	Akim Ndlovu		PF–ZAPU	Expelled 19 August 1982 for missing 21 consecutive sittings.	Missing				[15]
Bulawayo North	Denis Walker		Rhodesian Front [note 5]	Expelled 19 August 1982 for missing 21 consecutive sittings.	Guybon Cumming		Republican Front [note 5]	18 January 1983.	[15] [16]
Mashonaland East	Missing				Joseph Jekanyika		ZANU–PF	18 January 1983	[16]
Matabeleland South	Missing				Tamai Vivian Mpofu		ZAPU–PF	18 January 1983	[16]
Makoni	Arthur Tapson		Rhodesian Front [note 5]	Resigned 1983 to emigrate to South Africa.	Jock Kay		Independent	October 1983	[18]
Lundi	Donald Goddard		Rhodesian Front [note 5]	Died 1 January 1984. [note 28]	Peter Field		Independent	February 1984	[19]
Mashonaland West	Josiah Chinamano		PF–ZAPU	Died 1 October 1984.	Kenneth Mano		PF–ZAPU	1985	[20] [24]
Masvingo	James Bassopo Moyo		ZANU–PF	Criminal conviction in October 1984.	Missing				[21]
Matabeleland North	Jini Ntuta		PF–ZAPU	Died 19 November 1984.	Missing
Western	Desmond Chalmers		Rhodesian Front [note 5]	Resigned December 1984 after emigrating to the United Kingdom.	Missing				[22]

Notes and references

Notes

1. The Rhodesian Front was succeeded in 1981 by the Republican Front, and in 1984 by the Conservative Alliance of Zimbabwe.
2. Includes members of the Independent Zimbabwe Group, a bloc formed by white independent MPs in 1983.
3. Makunde was convicted of ordering seven followers to burn down ZAPU offices.
4. Ndlovu was assassinated by ZAPU rebels at his home in Beitbridge, Matabeleland South.
5. The Rhodesian Front was succeeded in 1981 by the Republican Front, and in 1984 by the Conservative Alliance of Zimbabwe.
6. Hamilton Ritchie was succeeded on 11 February 1981 by Archie Wilson. Wilson resigned in 1982 and was succeeded by Esme Scott in August 1982.
7. Savage was succeeded by Brian Grubb in May 1983.
8. Masango was appointed high commissioner to Tanzania. He was succeeded by Moton Malianga in January 1981.
9. Chambati was appointed ambassador to West Germany. He was succeeded by Josiah Chinamano in January 1981. Chinamano died on 1 October 1984 and was succeeded by Kenneth Mano.
10. Mangena was succeeded by Sikajaya Andrew Muntanga on 25 August 1982.
11. Ndlovu missed 21 consecutive sittings of Parliament, the threshold for expulsion. He had fled to Zambia.
12. Victoria Province was renamed Masvingo Province in 1982.
13. Bassopo Moyo served in Parliament until his 1984 criminal conviction.
14. Smith was succeeded by John Probert in July 1981.
15. Walker was succeeded by Guybon Cumming on 18 January 1983.
16. Beginning in December 1981, Stuttaford was detained by Zimbabwean authorities under emergency powers. He was later released before being detained again.
17. Cronjé resigned to take a job offer outside Zimbabwe. He was succeeded by Tony Berkhout in February 1982.
18. Gaunt was succeeded by James Thrush in January 1981.
19. Goddard was succeeded by Peter Field in February 1984.
20. Tapson was succeeded by Jock Kay in October 1983.
21. Holland was succeeded by Geoff York in July 1981.
22. Moseley was succeeded by Desmond Chalmers in April 1982.
23. Savage was murdered at his Matabeleland farm by ZAPU rebels.
24. Thrush was elected as a Rhodesian Front member, but resigned to become an independent on 4 March 1982.
25. Holland ran unsuccessfully as the Democratic Party candidate in the by-election to win his former seat.
26. York was elected as a Rhodesian Front member, but resigned to become an independent in 1985.
27. Cronjé emigrated to take a job offer in another Southern African country.
28. Goddard died in a fall over a waterfall.

References

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29. https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1983/04/05/zimbabwe-rebels-murder-legislator-two-others/9c6d1692-e4af-4846-874c-230855ba9cba/
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