Meteorological history | |
---|---|
Formed | April 27,2011,6:28 p.m. CDT (UTC−05:00) |
Dissipated | April 27,2011,9:15 p.m. EDT (UTC–05:00) |
Duration | 1 hour,47 minutes |
EF4 tornado | |
on the Enhanced Fujita scale | |
Highest winds | 180 mph (290 km/h) |
Overall effects | |
Fatalities | 22 |
Injuries | 85 |
Damage | $366,755,000 (2011 US$) |
Areas affected | Margaret,Ohatchee,Piedmont,Alabama |
Part of the 2011 Super Outbreak and Tornadoes of 2011 |
In the evening hours of April 27,2011,a large and violent EF4 tornado devastated the northern portion of Ohatchee and the beachside homes on the Coosa River and many other communities in Eastern Alabama. This tornado was one of the fifteen violent tornadoes to happen during the extremely active 2011 Super Outbreak,which is the largest and costliest tornado outbreak in United States history. The long-track wedge tornado touched down a few miles northeast of Trussville and traveled 97 miles from Alabama to Georgia. Throughout its track,the tornado widened to its maximum peak width of 1,760 yards (1609 m) and peaked with an estimated wind speed of 180 mph (290 km/h);the tornado caused 22 fatalities and injured 85 people and did $367 million in damage.
On April 23,the Storm Prediction Center (SPC) began monitoring the potential for a substantial severe weather outbreak in the extended range. [1] As a shortwave trough tracked across portions of the Mid-South and southeastern United States,moderate instability and strong wind shear ahead of a trailing cold front was expected to promote the development of supercell thunderstorms capable of producing tornadoes,large hail,and damaging winds. [2] Two days before the event,on April 25,the SPC issued a moderate risk of severe weather encompassing portions of central and eastern Kentucky,middle and eastern Tennessee,northeast Mississippi,central and northern Alabama,and northwest Georgia. Due to the combination of rich low-level moisture,strong shear,and focused large-scale ascent,there was relatively high confidence across the outlined area for strong tornadoes –a tornado rated EF2 or higher on the Enhanced Fujita scale –and widespread damaging winds. [3] By the morning of April 27,the SPC upgraded to a high risk of severe weather, [4] noting that a dangerous tornado outbreak capable of producing several violent –EF4 tornado or stronger on the Enhanced Fujita scale –and long-track tornadoes was expected. [5] [6]
Shortly before noon,the probability of tornadoes within 25 miles of a location was increased even further to 45%,a level exceeding even typical high-risk standards,for an area including Tuscaloosa. The forecast continued to emphasize the risk of strong/violent and very damaging tornadoes,as confidence increased even further regarding the risk of an extreme,high-end tornado outbreak. Throughout the afternoon hours,in the wake of two earlier mesoscale convective systems,the air mass across western and northern portions of Alabama began to quickly destabilize,with mixed layer convective available potential energy (CAPE) estimated in the 2500–4000 j/kg range and low-level dew points of 70–72 °F (21–22 °C) surging northward from Louisiana. Meanwhile,the wind shear environment became substantially more favorable as an 80–100 kn mid-level jet ejected eastward into the region. [5] At 1:45 p.m. CDT (18:45 UTC),a Particularly Dangerous Situation (PDS) tornado watch was issued for much of Alabama,northwest Georgia,southeast Mississippi,and southern middle Tennessee,with a >95% probability of at least two tornadoes and one or more strong tornadoes. [7]
After the Tuscaloosa–Birmingham tornado dissipated northwest of Birmingham at 6:14 p.m. CDT,the supercell responsible for the tornado quickly recycled. The National Weather Service's Birmingham office issued a tornado warning at 6:18 p.m.,citing the parent storm's danger and capability to produce another tornado. [8] The Shoal Creek Valley-Ohatchee tornado developed northeast of Trussville at 6:28 p.m. [9] [10] In its initial EF0 phase,the tornado uprooted and snapped multiple hardwood and softwood trees. [11] [12] The tornado crossed into western St. Clair County and intensified slightly as it passed immediately north of Odenville,producing EF1-level damage. [9]
The tornado continued east-northeast,passing over the Beaver Creek Mountains and entering Shoal Creek Valley. Turning northeastward,the storm followed the valley's topography and its ground track more-or-less paralleled County Road 22. Several homes with brick facades suffered major damage. [11] [9] At 7:05 p.m. CDT,the National Weather Service office in Birmingham issued a tornado emergency for northern St. Clair,northwestern Calhoun and southern Etowah counties. [13] The tornado rapidly strengthened after it crossed County Road 26,producing EF4 damage to site-built homes,mobile homes and trees. As it approached the Coosa River,the tornado expanded to its maximum width,approximately one mile (1.6km). Crossing the river,the tornado exited St. Clair County,leaving behind $200 million in damages,14 deaths and 20 injuries. [9] [14]
The tornado was still at EF4 intensity as it crossed into Calhoun County north of Ohatchee. Where the storm crossed SR 77,trees were debarked,numerous homes were destroyed,and mobile homes were demolished. As the tornado continued across rural northern Calhoun County,it produced EF3-level damage for several more miles. EF4-level damage was noted south of the Webster Chapel community. [11] The tornado weakened as it crossed a series of low ridges near the Calhoun-Etowah County border west of Piedmont. Damage to mobile and site-built homes indicated EF2 strength. Crossing US 278,the tornado weakened further to EF1 strength as it passed into Cherokee County.
In Calhoun County,the Shoal Creek Valley-Ohatchee tornado caused $126 million in damages,killed nine people and injured 25 others. The storm caused $9.4 million in damages in Etowah County,but no one was killed or hurt. [15] [16] [17]
After entering rural southwestern Cherokee County,the tornado again intensified,reaching EF2 strength south of Gnatville. The storm crossed SR 9 and weakened again as it passed over hilly terrain north of Rock Run. A brief flare-up north of Bauxite produced EF3-level damage to site-built homes at County Road 29. [11] Just as rapidly,the tornado weakened to EF1 levels as it exited Alabama. Twenty-five people in Cherokee County were injured,but no one was killed. The storm produced $19 million in damages. [18] [11]
Entering Polk County,Georgia,the tornado immediately re-strengthened to mid-range EF2 intensity. It caused major damage to a chicken farm,along with minor-to-major damage to homes and businesses. Seven million dollars in damage were reported,with no deaths or injuries. In Floyd County,the tornado downed trees and power lines and caused light to moderate damage to homes. Four people were injured,and damages were estimated at $5 million. Finally,the tornado entered Bartow County,where it weakened further to EF1 strength,destroyed two chicken houses and brought down multiple trees and power lines. The tornado lifted a few miles southwest of Kingston,leaving no casualties but $250,000 in damages. [19] [20] [21]
After the tornadoes of the 27th,Alabama's Surplus Property Division (a subdivision of the Alabama Department of Economic and Community Affairs) provided supplies for devastated communities in Calhoun County and arranged shelters for people who lost their homes in Jefferson and St. Clair counties. The agency also provided ten of thousands of bags of ice,cases of water bottles,meal kits,and boxes of tarpaulins. [22]
This page documents the tornadoes and tornado outbreaks that occurred in 2007,primarily in the United States. Most tornadoes form in the U.S.,although some events may take place internationally,particularly in parts of neighboring southern Canada during the summer season. Some tornadoes also take place in Europe,e. g. in the United Kingdom or in Germany.
The tornado outbreak of February 28 –March 2,2007 was a deadly tornado outbreak across the southern United States that began in Kansas on February 28,2007. The severe weather spread eastward on March 1 and left a deadly mark across the southern US,particularly in Alabama and Georgia. Twenty deaths were reported;one in Missouri,nine in Georgia,and 10 in Alabama. Scattered severe weather was also reported in North Carolina on March 2,producing the final tornado of the outbreak before the storms moved offshore into the Atlantic Ocean.
The tornado outbreak of March 28–31,2007,also known as the Late-March 2007 tornado outbreak,was a tornado outbreak that took place across the central United States. It developed in the High Plains from South Dakota to central Texas on March 28,2007,which produced most of the tornadoes. Several more tornadoes were reported the next three days before the system weakened on March 31. It affected western Nebraska,western Kansas,extreme eastern Colorado,and much of Oklahoma,and Texas. It was the second major outbreak of 2007,four weeks after an outbreak farther east. The outbreak produced 80 confirmed tornadoes,with five deaths and extensive damage being reported. In addition to the tornadoes,widespread hail as large as softballs and destructive straight-line winds as strong as 90 mph (140 km/h) were reported.
This page documents notable tornadoes and tornado outbreaks worldwide in 2008. Strong and destructive tornadoes form most frequently in the United States,Bangladesh,and Eastern India,but they can occur almost anywhere under the right conditions. Tornadoes also develop occasionally in southern Canada during the Northern Hemisphere's summer and somewhat regularly at other times of the year across Europe,Asia,and Australia. Tornadic events are often accompanied with other forms of severe weather,including strong thunderstorms,strong winds,and hail.
This page documents the tornadoes and tornado outbreaks of 2010. The majority of tornadoes form in the U.S.,but they can occur almost anywhere under the right conditions. A lesser number occur outside the U.S.,most notably in parts of neighboring southern Canada during the Northern Hemisphere's summer season,but are also known in South America,Europe,Asia,and Australia.
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The 2011 Super Outbreak was the largest,costliest,and one of the deadliest tornado outbreaks ever recorded,taking place in the Southern,Midwestern,and Northeastern United States from April 25 to 28,2011,leaving catastrophic destruction in its wake. Over 175 tornadoes struck Alabama,Mississippi,and Tennessee,which were the most severely damaged states. Other destructive tornadoes occurred in Arkansas,Georgia,Kentucky,Louisiana,New York,and Virginia,with storms also affecting other states in the Southern and Eastern United States. In total,367 tornadoes were confirmed by NOAA's National Weather Service (NWS) and Government of Canada's Environment Canada in 21 states from Texas to New York to southern Canada. Widespread and destructive tornadoes occurred on each day of the outbreak. April 27 was the most active day,with a record 223 tornadoes touching down that day from midnight to midnight CDT. Four of the tornadoes were rated EF5,which is the highest ranking on the Enhanced Fujita scale;typically these tornadoes are recorded no more than once a year.
From May 21 to May 26,2011,one of the largest tornado outbreaks on record affected the Midwestern and Southern regions of the United States. A six-day tornado outbreak sequence,most of the tornadoes developed in a corridor from Lake Superior southwest to central Texas,while isolated tornadoes occurred in other areas. An especially destructive EF5 tornado destroyed one-third of Joplin,Missouri,resulting in 158 deaths and over 1,000 injuries. The Joplin tornado was the deadliest in the United States since April 9,1947,when an intense tornado killed 181 in the Woodward,Oklahoma,area. Tornado-related deaths also occurred in Arkansas,Kansas,Minnesota,and Oklahoma. Overall,the tornado outbreak resulted in 186 deaths,8 of those non-tornadic,making it second only to the 2011 Super Outbreak as the deadliest since 1974. It was the second costliest tornado outbreak in United States history behind that same April 2011 outbreak,with insured damage estimated at $4–7 billion.
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On April 22,2020,an outbreak of discrete supercell thunderstorms across portions of Oklahoma,Texas,and Louisiana led to widespread severe weather,including multiple strong tornadoes. Two people were killed by a high-end EF2 that struck the town of Madill,Oklahoma,and three more were killed by an EF3 wedge tornado that moved through Onalaska,Texas. Dozens of others were injured as well. The event came to fruition as a trough progressed eastward across the United States,interacting with a moist and unstable environment. Tornado activity continued into Arkansas,Louisiana,Mississippi,Alabama,Florida,and Georgia overnight into the day on April 23. Isolated tornado activity also occurred during the overnight hours on April 21.
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A significant early spring tornado outbreak occurred during the afternoon and evening hours of March 5,2022 in the Midwest,primarily in the state of Iowa,before transitioning to a damaging wind event across northern parts of Illinois and Indiana. Multiple tornadoes were reported,several of which were produced by a dominant supercell thunderstorm in central Iowa. One long-track,low-end EF4 tornado caused major damage near the towns of Winterset and Norwalk,resulting in six fatalities. Multiple other supercells spawned along an area of moderate destabilization in northern Missouri,prompting further tornado warnings in southern Iowa,as they entered a highly favorable environment for maturing. Large hail and damaging wind gusts accompanied the storms,which continued their passage across the Midwestern states into overnight. More tornadic weather was confirmed in Arkansas and Missouri the next day and into the early morning of March 7. In addition to that,straight line winds killed one person near Hazel,Kentucky when a semi trailer was blown over on US 641. Another non-tornadic fatality occurred in western New York as the storm approached.
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