2016 Icelandic parliamentary election

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2016 Icelandic parliamentary election
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←  2013 29 October 2016 2017  →
All 63 seats in the Althing
32 seats needed for a majority
Turnout79.18%
PartyLeader%Seats+/–
Independence Bjarni Benediktsson 29.0021+2
Left-Green Katrín Jakobsdóttir 15.9110+3
Pirates Collective leadership [n 1] 14.4810+7
Progressive Sigurður Ingi Jóhannsson 11.498−11
Reform Benedikt Jóhannesson 10.487New
Bright Future Óttarr Proppé 7.164−2
Social Democratic Oddný G. Harðardóttir 5.743−6
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.
Prime Minister beforePrime Minister after election
Sigurður Ingi Jóhannsson
Progressive 		Bjarni Benediktsson
Independence

Parliamentary elections were held in Iceland on 29 October 2016. They were due to be held on or before 27 April 2017, but following the 2016 Icelandic anti-government protests, the ruling coalition announced that early elections would be held "in autumn". [1] [2]

Contents

The Independence Party emerged as the largest in the Althing, winning 21 of the 63 seats; the Progressive Party, which had won the most seats in 2013, lost more than half its seats as it was overtaken by the Left-Green Movement and the Pirate Party. Of the 63 elected MPs, 30 were female, giving Iceland the highest proportion of female MPs in Europe. [3]

A new coalition was formed on 10 January 2017, consisting of the Independence Party, the Reform Party and Bright Future, with Bjarni Benediktsson becoming Prime Minister on 11 January 2017. [4]

Background

In early April 2016, following revelations in the Panama Papers, leaks from law firm Mossack Fonseca about the financial dealings of then Prime Minister Sigmundur Davíð Gunnlaugsson (Progressive Party) and his wife, there were calls for an early election from the opposition, [5] who planned to present him with a motion of no confidence. Mass protests calling on the Prime Minister to quit followed. Although Sigmundur Davíð had stated he had no intention of resigning, he apparently resigned on 5 April. However, it was later stated by the Prime Minister's office that he had only taken a temporary leave of absence from his duties. [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] The Progressive Party's deputy leader, Sigurður Ingi Jóhannsson, became acting Prime Minister the same day. [9]

The President, Olafur Ragnar Grimsson, then said he would speak to both coalition parties, Progressive Party and Independence Party, before considering whether to call new elections. [10] Opposition parties continued to press for new elections. [8] On 6 April, Sigurður announced, "We expect to have elections this autumn." [11] On 11 August, Bjarni Benediktsson met with opposition parties and later announced that elections would be held on 29 October 2016. [2]

Electoral system

The 63 members of the Althing were elected using open list proportional representation in multi-member constituencies of 10 to 11 seats. [12] Of the 63 seats, 54 were elected using constituency results and determined using the d'Hondt method. The remaining nine supplementary seats were awarded to parties that crossed the 5% national electoral threshold in order to give them a total number of seats equivalent to their national share of the vote. [12]

Participating parties

The final deadline for parties to apply for participation in the parliamentary election was 14 October 2016.

Parties with a list for all constituencies
Parties with a list for only some constituencies

Campaign

Sigurður Ingi replaced Sigmundur Davíð as the party chairman of the Progressive Party on 2 October 2016. [13]

The Pirate Party announced on 16 October 2016 that they would not participate in post-election negotiations to form a coalition government with either the Progressive Party or the Independence Party. [14] The party did send letters to Reform, Bright Future, Social Democratic Alliance and Left-Green Movement about the possibility of forming an alliance prior to the election. [14]

Opinion polls

Graphical summary of the opinion polls in Iceland since the previous parliamentary election. Each dot corresponds to one poll's number for party. A smoothing spline is used to show the trends. The scatter of points around the spline curves gives an indication of the uncertainty of the polls. The thin circles at the very right show the results of the election, which for P and D deviate significantly from the polls. Iceland opinion polls.svg
Graphical summary of the opinion polls in Iceland since the previous parliamentary election. Each dot corresponds to one poll's number for party. A smoothing spline is used to show the trends. The scatter of points around the spline curves gives an indication of the uncertainty of the polls. The thin circles at the very right show the results of the election, which for P and D deviate significantly from the polls.
InstituteRelease date V S P A B D C OthersLead
Gallup 28 Oct 201616.5%7.4%17.9%6.8%9.3%27.0%8.8%9.1%
MMR 28 Oct 201616.2%6.1%20.5%6.7%11.4%24.7%8.9%5.5%4.2%
Háskóli Íslands 27 Oct 201616.8%5.7%21.2%6.7%10.1%22.5%11.4%5.5%1.3%
Fréttablaðið / Stöð 2 / Vísir 27 Oct 201616.4%5.7%18.4%6.3%9.9%27.3%10.5%5.5%8.9%
MMR 26 Oct 201616.0%7.6%19.1%8.8%10.0%21.9%9.3%7.3%2.8%
Fréttablaðið / Stöð 2 / Vísir 26 Oct 201616.4%6.0%20.3%5.1%11.2%25.1%10.8%5.1%4.8%
Háskóli Íslands 21 Oct 201618.6%6.5%22.6%6.0%9.1%21.1%8.8%7.3%1.5%
Fréttablaðið / Stöð 2 / Vísir 18 Oct 201619.2%6.5%20.7%7.4%8.5%23.7%6.6%7.4%3.0%
MMR 14 Oct 201614.5%9.0%19.6%8.2%9.2%21.4%10.2%7.9%1.8%
Háskóli Íslands 14 Oct 201617.7%6.9%17.5%7.7%8.6%21.5%11.4%8.7%4.0%
Gallup 14 Oct 201614.5%7.1%18.3%7.7%9.8%22.6%12.4%7.6%4.3%
Fréttablaðið / Stöð 2 / Vísir 12 Oct 201615.1%7.3%22.8%8.2%8.5%22.7%8.4%7.0%0.1%
Fréttablaðið / Stöð 2 / Vísir 5 Oct 201612.6%8.8%19.2%6.9%11.4%25.9%6.9%8.3%6.7%
Gallup 30 Sep 201615.6%8.5%20.6%4.7%8.2%23.7%13.4%5.4%3.1%
Fréttablaðið / Stöð 2 / Vísir 28 Sep 201612.9%5.9%19.9%3.6%12.6%34.6%7.3%3.2%14.7%
MMR 26 Sep 201611.5%9.3%21.6%4.9%12.2%20.6%12.3%6.7%1.0%
MMR 22 Sep 201613.2%8.1%22.7%4.1%11.0%22.7%11.5%6.7%Tied
Gallup 16 Sep 201613.5%8.8%23.1%2.9%9.4%25.5%12.2%4.6%1.4%
Fréttablaðið / Stöð 2 / Vísir 8 Sep 201612.7%7.5%29.5%2.0%10.7%28.2%6.7%2.7%1.3%
Gallup 6 Sep 201616.2%8.3%25.8%2.9%9.0%26.3%10.6%0.9%0.5%
MMR 30 Aug 201612.4%9.1%22.4%4.5%10.6%24.6%8.8%7.6%2.2%
Gallup 29 Jul 201616.8%8.0%25.3%4.2%9.9%26.2%9.0%0.6%0.9%
MMR 25 Jul 201612.9%8.4%26.8%3.9%8.3%24.0%9.4%6.3%2.8%
MMR 7 Jul 201618.0%10.9%24.3%2.9%6.4%25.3%6.7%5.4%1.0%
Gallup 29 Jun 201615.2%8.2%27.9%3.4%10.0%25.1%9.4%0.8%2.8%
Háskóli Íslands 24 Jun 201617.0%9.0%28.0%4.5%9.5%19.7%9.7%2.6%8.3%
Háskóli Íslands 14 Jun 201615.9%7.6%29.9%2.9%11.1%22.7%9.1%0.8%7.2%
Háskóli Íslands 4 Jun 201616.5%7.2%28.3%3.8%11.8%23.9%7.9%0.6%4.4%
Gallup 1 Jun 201616.8%7.7%27.4%4.0%10.2%28.5%4.3%1.1%1.1%
Fréttablaðið / Stöð 2 / Vísir 27 May 201618.1%6.1%28.7%2.5%7.3%31.5%5.8%2.8%
Háskóli Íslands 17 May 201618.9%8.9%25.8%4.8%8.2%28.2%3.5%1.7%2.4%
MMR 13 May 201615.8%7.5%31.0%4.9%10.4%26.3%2.5%4.7%
Fréttablaðið 12 May 201619.8%7.4%30.3%3.1%6.5%31.1%1.8%0.8%
Fréttablaðið 6 May 201614.0%8.4%31.8%4.0%8.3%29.9%3.6%1.9%
MMR 3 May 201614.0%9.7%28.9%3.4%11.2%27.8%5.0%1.1%
Gallup 30 Apr 201618.4%8.3%26.6%5.2%10.5%27.0%3.5%0.5%0.4%
Gallup 13 Apr 201619.8%9.0%29.3%5.0%6.9%26.7%2.7%0.6%2.6%
Háskóli Íslands 8 Apr 201614.7%9.5%30.9%4.8%12.9%23.3%3.9%7.6%
Maskína 8 Apr 201620.0%7.2%34.2%5.2%9.4%21.3%2.7%12.9%
Gallup 7 Apr 201616.7%7.6%32.4%5.6%10.8%21.9%3.3%1.7%11.5%
MMR 6 Apr 201612.8%9.9%36.7%5.8%8.7%22.5%3.6%12.2%
Fréttablaðið 5 Apr 201611.2%10.2%43.0%3.8%7.9%21.6%2.3%21.4%
Háskóli Íslands 5 Apr 201614.9%8.1%39.4%4.4%10.0%18.8%4.4%20.6%
Gallup 31 Mar 201611.0%9.5%36.1%3.2%12.0%23.2%2.1%2.9%12.9%
MMR 18 Mar 20169.3%9.2%38.3%4.2%12.4%22.9%3.4%15.4%
Fréttablaðið 9 Mar 20168.4%8.2%38.1%1.8%12.8%27.6%3.1%10.5%
MMR 2 Mar 20167.8%7.8%37.0%4.2%12.8%23.4%7%13.6%
Gallup 2 Mar 201610.8%9.7%35.9%3.3%11.0%23.7%5.6%12.2%
Gallup 2 Feb 201610.8%9.2%35.3%3.6%12.0%24.4%4.7%10.9%
MMR 2 Feb 201611.0%9.4%35.6%4.4%12.2%21.1%5.9%14.5%
Fréttablaðið 30 Jan 20169.6%9.9%41.8%1.6%10.2%23.2%3.7%18.6%
Gallup 2 Jan 201610.2%10.4%33.1%4.2%12.0%25.2%4.9%7.9%
MMR 18 Dec 201511.4%12.9%34.9%5.3%11.5%20.6%3.4%14.3%
Gallup 4 Dec 201511.4%10.1%32.9%3.9%12.0%24.8%4.9%8.1%
MMR 16 Nov 20159.9%10.5%35.3%4.6%10.8%23.7%5.2%11.6%
Gallup 4 Nov 201511.1%10.6%35.5%4.6%9.6%24.6%4.4%0.9%
MMR 21 Oct 201511.8%11.3%34.2%6.5%10.4%21.7%4.1%12.5%
Gallup 2 Oct 201510.6%10.1%34.6%5.6%10.1%24.4%4.6%10.2%
MMR 3 Sep 20159.6%10.6%33.0%5.8%11.4%25.3%4.3%7.7%
Gallup 1 Sep 201511.8%9.3%35.9%4.4%11.1%21.7%5.8%14.2%
Gallup 7 Aug 20158.9%12.2%32.3%5.0%12.4%24.0%5.2%8.3%
MMR 4 Aug 201510.2%9.6%35.0%4.4%12.2%23.1%5.5%7.9%
MMR 30 Jun 201512.0%9.3%33.2%5.6%10.6%23.8%5.5%9.4%
Rúv 29 Jun 201510.3%11.4%32.0%6.4%11.3%24.5%4.1%7.5%
MMR 25 Jun 201510.5%11.6%32.4%6.8%10.0%23.3%5.4%9.1%
FBL 19 Jun 20157.3%11.1%37.5%3.3%8.5%29.5%2.8%8.0%
MMR 16 Jun 201511.1%11.8%34.5%6.7%11.3%21.2%3.5%13.3%
Gallup 1 Jun 20159.8%12.4%34.1%7.4%8.9%23.0%4.3%11.1%
MMR 26 May 201510.4%13.1%32.7%6.3%8.6%23.1%5.6%9.6%
MMR 4 May 201510.8%10.7%32.0%8.3%10.8%21.9%5.5%10.1%
Gallup 30 Apr 201510.6%14.1%30.1%7.8%10.1%22.9%4.4%9.2%
Gallup 30 Mar 201510.1%15.8%21.7%10.9%10.8%25.0%5.7%3.3%
Kjarninn 26 Mar 201510.2%16.1%23.6%10.1%11.0%24.8%4.2%1.2%
MMR 21 Mar 20159.0%16.3%29.1%9.0%11.6%23.4%1.7%5.7%
MMR 18 Mar 201510.8%15.5%23.9%10.3%11.0%23.4%5.1%0.5%
Fréttablaðið 11 Mar 201510.4%16.1%21.9%9.2%10.1%28.0%4.3%6.1%
Rúv 2 Mar 201511.2%17.1%15.2%13.3%11.0%26.1%6.1%9.0%
MMR 19 Feb 201512.9%14.5%12.8%15.0%13.1%25.5%6.2%10.5%
Gallup 3 Feb 201511.0%18.0%12.0%13.0%13.0%27.0%6.0%9.0%
MMR 14 Jan 201511.9%15.9%12.8%16.9%9.4%27.3%5.8%'10.4%
Mbl 16 Dec 201411.6%16.1%11.4%16.2%11.0%29.0%4.7%12.8%
Fréttablaðið 17 Nov 201413.1%19.2%9.2%12.5%12.8%32.9%13.7%
MMR 4 Nov 201410.7%16.1%11.3%18.6%12.3%23.6%7.4%5.0%
Gallup 3 Oct 201413.0%19.0%7.0%16.0%12.0%27.0%8.0%
MMR 8 Sep 201410.4%16.9%9.2%17.8%11.3%28.2%6.2%10.4%
MMR 28 Aug 20149.6%20.3%10.3%17.6%9.6%26.6%6.0%6.3%
MMR 31 Jul 201411.6%17.0%9.6%19.2%11.8%24.1%6.7%7.1%
MMR 24 Jun 201411.4%16.5%8.3%21.8%11.4%25.0%5.6%3.2%
MMR 13 May 201411.6%16.4%9.6%19.4%12.3%22.1%8.6%2.7%
MMR 2 May 201411.7%17.4%9.0%15.5%14.1%25.1%7.2%7.7%
MMR 14 Apr 201411.5%15.1%11.0%17.1%14.4%23.9%7.0%6.8%
MMR 3 Mar 201410.4%14.0%9.3%16.4%14.6%29.0%5.6%12.6%
RÚV 27 Feb 201413.0%16.8%9.8%15.8%15.3%23.7%5.6%6.9%
Capacent 1 Feb 201412.7%14.9%8.1%14.2%18.3%26.9%8.6%
MMR 22 Jan 201411.0%17.1%6.9%15.9%17.0%26.3%5.6%9.2%
Capacent 24 Dec 201313.3%15.1%10.7%13.1%16.4%25.3%8.9%
MMR 30 Nov 201312.6%13.8%9.0%15.2%15.0%26.8%11.6%
2013 result28 Apr 201310.9%12.9%5.1%8.3%24.4%26.7%2.3%
InstituteRelease date V S P A B D C OthersLead

Results

Voter turnout was the lowest turnout in Iceland's history. [15]

Althing October 2016.svg
PartyVotes%Seats+/–
Independence Party 54,99229.0021+2
Left-Green Movement 30,16715.9110+3
Pirate Party 27,46614.4810+7
Progressive Party 21,79211.498–11
Reform Party 19,87010.487New
Bright Future 13,5787.164–2
Social Democratic Alliance 10,8945.743–6
People's Party 6,7073.540New
Dawn 3,2751.7300
People's Front of Iceland 5710.3000
Icelandic National Front 3030.160New
Humanist Party 330.0200
Total189,648100.00630
Valid votes189,64897.16
Invalid/blank votes5,5522.84
Total votes195,200100.00
Registered voters/turnout246,54279.18
Source: Statistics Iceland

Government formation

Neither of the two main blocs — the outgoing coalition of the Independence Party and the Progressives, or the centre-left opposition (Left-Greens, Pirates, Bright Future and Social Democrats) — secured an overall majority, leaving the new centrist party Reform as possible kingmakers. [16]

The leader of the Independence Party, Bjarni Benediktsson, expressed preference for a three-party coalition, although without saying which three parties. The Pirate Party proposed a five-party coalition with the Left-Green Movement, the Social Democrats, Bright Future and Reform, having previously ruled out working with either of the two outgoing coalition members. [3] The Pirate Party then suggested a minority coalition of Left-Green Movement, Bright Future and Reform, with outside support from themselves and the Social Democrats, in order to simplify the process of government formation. [17]

The leader of Reform ruled out a right-leaning three-party coalition with the Independence Party and the Progressives, [18] and did not rule out supporting the centre-left bloc. [19]

On 2 November, President Guðni Th. Jóhannesson gave the mandate to Bjarni to form a majority government. [20] On 11 November, the Independence Party, Reform and Bright Future entered into formal coalition talks, [21] but the three parties failed to agree with a new market-based fishing quota system and an EU referendum as the main stumbling blocks.

On 17 November, the mandate to form a majority government was in turn given to the leader of the Left-Greens, Katrín Jakobsdóttir. [22] She instigated talks with Reform, Bright Future, the Pirates, and Social Democrats, and on 19 November the five parties agreed to start formal coalition talks. On 24 November, the coalition talks fell through and Katrín formally renounced the Presidential mandate to form a government. [23]

On 2 December, the mandate to form a majority government was given to the leader of the Pirate Party, Birgitta Jónsdóttir. [24] The Pirates were unable to form a government and the President chose not to give a new mandate to form a government, but asked the party leaders to discuss the matter informally. [25]

On 2 January 2017, the Independence Party started official talks about a possible coalition deal with the Reform Party and Bright Future. Morgunblaðið also reported that the Left-Green Movement and the Progressive Party had also discussed possible coalition deals with the Independence Party. [26] A new coalition was formed on 10 January 2017 between Independence Party, Reform Party and the Bright Future with Bjarni Benediktsson becoming Prime Minister on 11 January 2017. [4] [27]

Footnotes

  1. ↑ The Pirate Party rejects the regular leadership model. Their formal chairperson of the parliamentary group in 2016 was Birgitta Jónsdóttir.

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References

  1. ↑ Kosningar í haust - Lilja verður ráðherra Archived 2016-08-08 at the Wayback Machine RÚV, 6 April 2016
  2. 1 2 "Boða til kosninga 29. október". MBL (in Icelandic). 11 August 2016. Archived from the original on 14 August 2016. Retrieved 11 August 2016.
  3. 1 2 Iceland elections leave ruling centre-right party in driving seat Archived 2016-10-30 at the Wayback Machine The Guardian, 30 October 2016
  4. 1 2 Arnarsdóttir, Eygló Svala (9 January 2017). "New Government Announced Tomorrow". Iceland Review. Archived from the original on 10 January 2017. Retrieved 10 January 2017.
  5. 1 2 Iceland’s PM faces calls for snap election after offshore revelations Archived 2016-12-10 at the Wayback Machine The Guardian, 3 April 2016
  6. ↑ "PM Sigmundur Davíð Gunnlaugsson Wavers On Resignation". The Reykjavik Grapevine. 5 April 2016. Archived from the original on 2016-04-06. Retrieved 2016-04-06.
  7. ↑ "Iceland PM calls to dissolve parliament after tax scandal". Reuters UK. Archived from the original on 2016-04-05. Retrieved 2016-04-05.
  8. 1 2 Panama Papers: Iceland PM Sigmundur Gunnlaugsson steps down Archived 2018-06-06 at the Wayback Machine BBC News, 6 April 2016
  9. 1 2 Henley, Jon (5 April 2016). "Iceland PM steps aside after protests over Panama Papers revelations". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 18 November 2017. Retrieved 6 April 2016.
  10. ↑ Iceland swears in new PM amid Panama Papers fallout Archived 2016-10-21 at the Wayback Machine CNN, 7 April 2016
  11. ↑ Panama papers: Iceland names PM replacement Archived 2018-09-30 at the Wayback Machine BBC News, 7 April 2016
  12. 1 2 Elections to the Icelandic Althing (Parliament) Archived 2019-08-08 at the Wayback Machine Election Resources
  13. ↑ "Sigurður Ingi kjörinn formaður Framsóknar". RÚV. 2016-10-02. Archived from the original on 2016-10-20. Retrieved 2016-10-17.
  14. 1 2 "Píratar útiloka stjórnarflokkana". Archived from the original on 2016-10-19. Retrieved 2016-10-17.
  15. ↑ "Kjörsókn aldrei verið minni". Vísir. 30 October 2016. Archived from the original on 2016-11-02. Retrieved 2016-12-03.
  16. ↑ Duxbury, Charles (2016-10-30). "Iceland Lawmakers Face Tricky Negotiations After Inconclusive Election". WSJ. Archived from the original on 2016-12-03. Retrieved 2016-12-03.
  17. ↑ "Pirates Suggest Minority Government". Iceland Review. 31 October 2016. Archived from the original on 2016-11-06. Retrieved 2016-12-03.
  18. ↑ grapevine.is (2016-10-31). "Elections 2016: What Will Iceland's Next Government Be?". The Reykjavik Grapevine. Archived from the original on 2016-12-01. Retrieved 2016-12-03.
  19. ↑ "Viðreisn útilokar ekki minnihlutastjórn með Bjartri framtíð og VG". Vísir. 31 October 2016. Archived from the original on 2016-11-03. Retrieved 2016-12-03.
  20. ↑ The Associated Press (2016-11-02). "Independence Party given mandate to form Iceland government". The Seattle Times. Archived from the original on 2016-11-04. Retrieved 2016-12-03.
  21. ↑ Fontaine, Paul (11 November 2016). "Formal Talks Begin For 3-Party Centre-Right Coalition". The Reykjavík Grapevine. Archived from the original on 12 November 2016. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
  22. ↑ "Party leader Jakobsdottir given chance to form Iceland coalition". Europe Online. 16 November 2016. Archived from the original on 20 November 2016. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  23. ↑ "Second leader gives up on forming Iceland government". Archived from the original on 2016-11-26. Retrieved 2016-11-27.
  24. ↑ Agence France-Presse (2016-12-02). "Iceland's Pirate party invited to form government". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2021-10-05. Retrieved 2016-12-03.
  25. ↑ "President gives no new mandate to form government". Archived from the original on 2016-12-14. Retrieved 2016-12-13.
  26. ↑ "Independence party-led government in the pipeline". Archived from the original on 5 January 2017. Retrieved 6 January 2017.
  27. ↑ Hafstađ, Vala (10 January 2017). "Government's Agenda Introduced". Iceland Review. Archived from the original on 13 January 2017. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
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