Robert Lindstedt and Horia Tecău were the three-time defending champions, but chose not to compete together. Tecău teamed up with Marius Copil, but they lost in the first round to Jan Hájek and Filip Polášek. Lindstedt played alongside Daniel Nestor, but they lost in the second round to Nicholas Monroe and Simon Stadler.
Monroe and Stadler went on to win the title, defeating Carlos Berlocq and Albert Ramos in the final, 6–2, 3–6, [10–3]
David Marrero and Fernando Verdasco were the defending champions, but Verdasco decided not to participate. Marrero successfully defended the title alongside Martin Kližan, defeating Nicholas Monroe and Simon Stadler in the final, 6–1, 5–7, [10–7].
Nicholas Monroe and Simon Stadler were the defending champions, but Stadler chose not to participate.
Monroe played alongside Johan Brunström and successfully defended the title, defeating Jérémy Chardy and Oliver Marach in the final, 4–6, 7–6(7–5), [10–7].
Max Mirnyi and Horia Tecău were the defending champions, but chose not to participate together. Mirnyi played alongside Feliciano López, but lost in the quarterfinals to Julien Benneteau and Vasek Pospisil.
Tecău teamed up with Jean-Julien Rojer and successfully defended the title, defeating Benneteau and Pospisil in the final, 6–7(6–8), 7–5, [10–5].
Alexander Peya and Bruno Soares were the defending champions, but lost in the opening round to Leonardo Mayer and João Sousa.
Jean-Julien Rojer and Horia Tecău won the title, defeating Kevin Anderson and Jérémy Chardy in the final, 6–4, 6–2.
Marcelo Demoliner and Miguel Ángel Reyes-Varela were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.
Ariel Behar and Giovanni Lapentti were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.
Aisam-ul-Haq Qureshi and Rajeev Ram were the defending champions but Ram chose not to participate and Qureshi chose to compete in Båstad instead.
Juan Sebastián Cabal and Treat Huey were the defending champions, but Huey chose not to participate and Cabal chose to compete in Washington instead.
Juan Ignacio Londero and Luis David Martínez were the defending champions but only Londero chose to defend his title, partnering Tomás Lipovšek Puches. Londero lost in the semifinals to Leander Paes and Miguel Ángel Reyes-Varela.
James Cerretani and Leander Paes were the defending champions but only Cerretani chose to defend his title, partnering Marcelo Arévalo. Cerretani lost in the quarterfinals to Miomir Kecmanović and Darian King.
Kyle Edmund and Cameron Norrie were the defending champions, but chose not to participate this year.
Marcelo Arévalo and Miguel Ángel Reyes-Varela were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.
Julian Ocleppo and Andrea Vavassori were the defending champions but chose to defend their title with different partners. Ocleppo partnered Andrea Pellegrino but lost in the first round to David Marrero and Roberto Maytín. Vavassori partnered Andrei Vasilevski but lost in the final to Tomislav Brkić and Ante Pavić.
Nicholas Monroe and John-Patrick Smith were the defending champions, but chose not to participate together. Monroe played alongside Frances Tiafoe, but lost in the first round to Marcelo Arévalo and Miguel Ángel Reyes-Varela. Smith teamed up with Ben McLachlan but lost in the quarterfinals to Jack Sock and Jackson Withrow.
Austin Krajicek and Nicholas Monroe were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.
Alexander and Mischa Zverev were the defending champions, but lost to Adrian Mannarino and Fabrice Martin in the quarterfinals.
Novak Djokovic defeated Diego Schwartzman in the final, 7–5, 6–3 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 2020 Italian Open. It was his fifth Italian Open title and record 36th Masters 1000 title overall. Djokovic entered his 287th week as world No. 1 following the tournament.
Ruben Bemelmans and Tim Pütz were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.
Ariel Behar and Gonzalo Escobar were the defending champions but chose not to defend their title.
Máximo González 
Nicolás Jarry 
Thomaz Bellucci 
