2024–2025 South Korean medical crisis

Last updated

2024–2025 South Korean medical crisis
DateFebruary 20, 2024 (2024-02-20) – present
(1 year, 6 months, 1 week and 4 days)
LocationFlag of South Korea.svg  South Korea
Cause
  • Government plan to increase medical student admission quotas
  • Imbalance of medical service specialties
  • Low insurance payouts and government support

The 2024–2025 South Korean medical crisis is an ongoing healthcare crisis following the announcement of new government policies that significantly increased medical student admission quotas. In response to the policy, thousands of residents and interns resigned, which resulted in triage being implemented and less essential medical procedures being delayed, with some patients reporting months long delays. [1] [2] There has also been student boycotts and street protests. [3] The South Korean government labeled medical professionals' actions as "illegal collective actions." [4]

Contents

The government said that quota increase is needed because South Korea has a rapidly aging population and that the increasing proportion of elderly people will place an increasing burden on the health care system as time goes by. They also say that there is a shortage of doctors in rural areas and in key fields such as pediatrics. [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] On the other hand, the Korean Medical Association, a trade union which represents around 2/3 of the doctors in South Korea, stated that governmental mismanagement is the primary cause of the shortage and that reform—rather than an increased number of doctors—is needed to address it. They have also argued that the healthcare system struggles with insufficient financial support from the government and that increasing the quantity of medical students would require lowered standards that would cause a decrease in the quality of medical care. [7] [9]

Background and causes

Aging population of South Korea

South Korea's population pyramid (1960-2020) South korea population pyramid 1960-2020.gif
South Korea's population pyramid (1960–2020)

South Korea has the lowest birth rates in the world, with the most rapidly aging population. The total fertility rate (TFR) has plummeted over the decades and researchers say that if current trends continue, the country's population will be cut almost in half by the end of the century. [10] [11] [12] [13] In 2020, in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, the country recorded more deaths than births for the first time in modern history, resulting in population decline. [14] [15] Those who support the government's quota increase say that South Korea will need many more doctors in the future as elderly people become a larger and larger share of the population, since elderly people require more medical care. [16] A 2023 study by the Lancet reported that while Korea has a strong health care system, the aging population will begin placing pressure on the system by 2040. [5] [17]

Shortage of doctors in key fields and in rural areas

According to South Korean President Yoon Suk-Yeol, who instituted the quota increase in 2024, the medical system is collapsing, with pediatrics, obstetrics, gynecology, and other specialties having a lack of manpower which has resulted in treatments being delayed. He stated that rural areas have an especially severe lack of medical professionals. [8] According to a 2023 study by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) South Korea has the lowest number of doctors per capita out of all high-income countries in the OECD. [5] [18]

In 2023, 69% of local medical centers could not fill their quota of doctors. [19] Examples of small cities which have been struggling with shortages of doctors include Seosan, South Chungcheong Province and Sokcho, Gangwon Province. Medical centers in both of these cities report difficulties in filling specialist positions in spite of offering salaries of up to 420 million won (about $300,000 USD). [20] [21]

Government healthcare regulations

The healthcare system has a mandatory designation system that integrates all doctors and private medical institutions into a single public health insurance system, which has fees set by the government. Healthcare practitioners argue that fees are too low when compared to other OECD countries, and government reimbursements are not high enough. Health care providers turn to treatments that are not insured or to high-volume, low-margin treatments to increase revenue. The low fees also allow patients to seek second opinions at low cost, increasing the workload for medical workers. [22] [23] [24] The government negotiates annually with medical professional organizations about fee increases and this debate has persisted for several years. [25] [26]

The government mandates especially low medical fees for pediatrics and some other specialties, which requires doctors in those fields to work long hours and to see as many patients per day as possible to order to generate revenue. Because of this, many doctors in South Korea choose to enter specialties like plastic surgery, where compensation is much higher and working hours are much lower. This has resulted in shortages of doctors in key fields [27] [28] [29] Compared to other OECD countries, Korea has a fairly large number of people who chose to become nurses, in spite of that, burnout leads to high turnover, and the result is that there is a fairly small proportion of active nurses. [30] [31] [32]

According to medical educators in Korea, because prosecutions for medical malpractice is high, students are reluctant to enter high-risk fields, which is a primary cause of shortages in those fields. Approximately 750 South Korean doctors are accused of medical malpractice every year, which is many times higher than in Japan, the United Kingdom and Germany. [33] They also state that the government does not provide enough support for medical education and residency training, making medical schools rely on their attached hospitals to generate profits. These university hospitals depend on the low-cost labor of residents and often require them to work long hours, with many reporting that they work up to 100 hours per week. [34]

History of medical school admission quotas in South Korea

Since 2006, the admission quota of medical schools has been 3,058 per academic year. [35] It was decreased from 3,500 in 2000, the year of a previous doctors' strike. That strike was started in response to government legislation that aimed to prevent prescription drug abuse by banning doctors from selling prescription drugs. Doctors stated that the legislation would greatly reduce their income and they went on strike that year. The government later offered concessions to the doctors and they returned to work, bringing the 2000 strike to an end. [36]

Resolutions and negotiations

Adjusting the increased quota

On April 19, 2024, the government offered adjusted healthcare reforms where medical schools determine their own 2025 intake admissions, lowering the designated quotas by up to 50% for 2025 while maintaining the original increased quota from 2026 onwards. [37] In May of that year, the quota increase was reduced from 2,000 to 1,500 for one upcoming academic year. [38] [39] This followed updated numbers from universities wanting a lower quota for conflict resolution between professors and other faculty.[ citation needed ] However, the Korean Medical Association (KMA), residents and interns maintained their stance.[ citation needed ] In April of 2025, the government announced that the quota for 2026 would be reduced down to 3,058, the original quota from before the strike began. [40]

Hiring doctors from foreign countries

In May, the government planned to allow vetted foreign doctors to practice in Korea. In response, the head of the KMA, Lim Hyun-taek, posted on Facebook a screenshot of a news report of newly graduated Somali doctors captioned "Coming Soon," with the implied subtext being that these foreign doctors would be inferior. It was widely criticized as "racist" and "exploiting Islamophobia and stereotyping against developing countries" and was swiftly deleted. [41] [42]

The government's proposals are part of an effort to prepare South Korean society to become increasingly multiethnic [ citation needed ]. The number of foreign-born people in South Korea reached 2.5 million in 2024 [43] and 10% of new marriages in 2024 were between a Korean and a non-Korean. [44] Since the 2010s there has been an official government program for international healthcare collaboration with Middle Eastern and African countries which has resulted in over 130 Middle Eastern specialist doctors coming to South Korea since 2024. These foreign-born doctors report being generally satisfied with their hospital environment. [45]

Reactions

Government

The crisis started on February 6, 2024. The Yoon government announced an increase in medical school enrollment by 2,000 per year from 2025, raising the quota to 5,058. [35]

In opposition, medical organizations such as the Korean Medical Association (KMA) said that the existing number of doctors in major hospitals is already sufficient. [46] However, the government continued with the plan. [47] South Korean President Yoon Suk Yeol denied that the quota increase would degrade medical education and stated that the proposed increase of 2,000 students is the minimum required to meet the needs of the aging population and said that the increase is non-negotiable. [48] [49] He announced that if striking the doctors did not return to work, the government would suspend their medical licenses. [47]

Within weeks, the government raised the crisis level of the country's medical system to "serious", [50] and they established a Central Disaster and Safety Countermeasure Headquarters, headed by the Prime Minister, to coordinate the government's response. Situation rooms were set up to manage the transportation of severely ill patients in major regions. [51] A group of medical professors and students applied for an injunction to suspend the quota increase, which was later rejected by the Seoul High Court. [52]

The Ministry of Health and Welfare issued a return-to-work order to interns and residents, offering clemency to those who would resume work [53] [54] and threatening to punish whoever refused to return to work by March 1 using administrative sanctions and judicial measures, such as 3-month license suspensions which would delay their physician qualification by more than a year. [55] [56] [57] The Ministry also legalized telemedicine for all clinics and treatment centers, [58] and started allowing experienced nurses to perform some tasks typically reserved only to physicians, such as CPR and medicating critical patients. [59] [60] In addition, the Ministry also requested that the police open a criminal investigation against five senior members of the Korean Medical Association. [48] In May of 2025 after 15 months of investigation, it was announced that they would face prosecution. [61]

In March, the Ministry began inspecting hospitals to check work attendance, and stated that they would suspend the licenses of over 5,000 residents who were found to be absent. [57] [62] [63] Only 565 doctors returned by March 1, [64] and on March 8, it was reported that 92% of trainee doctors were sill absent. [65] The Government also implemented triage to protect regional emergency centers, [63] deployed military and public health doctors to affected hospitals to ensure emergency patient care [66] and suspended the licenses of two leaders of the Korean Medical Association. [67] In the same month, Prime Minister Han Duck-soo announced a plan to deal with the situation. He stated that the government would set aside money in the budget to support hiring replacement doctors and that those doctors who chose to return to work would be rewarded with increased compensation. [68]

In April 2024, President Yoon gave an hour-long address to the nation to reaffirm the quota increase and appeal to the public: [69]

As the president, I regret not being able to promptly address the public inconvenience ... All rational people will agree that the country faces a shortage of medical doctors.

— Yoon Suk Yeol, President of South Korea

By July, resident attendance rate stood at 8.4%, while the rate of attendance for interns was 3.4%. [70] To fill vacancies, the Ministry of Health and Welfare announced a plan to recruit 7,645 residents from teaching hospitals. [71] The Ministry of Education announced measures intended to offer flexibility to medical schools to help prevent boycotting students from failing due to insufficient attendance. These measure include allowing schools to assess students on a yearly basis rather than a semester basis, and allowing them to offer night, online, and/or weekend classes so that students can catch up with course work that they missed. [72] At an August 16 National Assembly parliamentary hearing, Health and Welfare Minister Cho Kyoo-hong planned additional reforms to increase medical school admissions in early September. [73]

In December, the short-lived martial law declaration by President Yoon of the People Power Party ordered doctors back to work. [74] [75] However, the martial law declaration was overturned within 24 hours and President Yoon was later impeached and removed from office because of it. On June 3rd, Lee Jae-Myung of the Democratic Party was elected president. As part of his campaign, Lee had harshly criticized Yoon's handling of the medical crisis and promised to bring it to a swift resolution. [76]

Associations

The Korean Medical Association (KMA) stated that the right to resign is constitutionally protected, and has been organizing protests against the government's policy. [77] [78] [79] The Korea Intern Resident Association opposed the quota increase and return-to-work order. [80] The Korean Health and Medical Workers' Union voted on August 2024 in favor of a general strike with 91% of workers across 61 hospitals in support. This was in response to furloughs, unpaid leave, mandatory overtime, and other hospital austerity emergency measures. [81] It was called off after negotiations with hospitals for pay raises and improved working conditions. [82] According to the Korea Intern Resident Association, interns and residents have 36-hour shifts, while shifts in the United States are less than 24 hours. Half of American doctors work no more than 60 hours weekly, while Korean residents sometimes work over 100 hours a week at an average salary of 70 million won (about $50,000). [83] [84]

Following the 2025 presidential election in July, the Korean Medical Association put out a statement saying that they hope newly-elected president Lee Jae-myung would make resolving the crisis a top priority. [85]

Patient groups and public reaction

Patient groups largely opposed the strike, and reported that their access to essential medical procedures was severely curtailed. [86] In July, 92 patient groups including the Union of Korea Breast Cancer Patients, Korea Alliance of Patients Organization and Korean Organization for Rare Diseases urged the government and the striking doctors to come to a compromise as fast as possible and to prioritize the needs of patients. [87] Cancer and ALS patient groups [88] and Korean Buddhist Jogye Order called for doctors to return quickly. [89]

At the outset of the crisis, a public opinion poll by Gallop indicated that 76% of the South Korean population supported the quota increase and 16% opposed it. As time went on, criticism of the governments handling of the situation grew. A poll in March showed that 49% said that the Yoon government's response to the strike had been poor, and 41% said that mediation should be done. [90] Critics have argued that they are motivated by a desire to maintain an elite, highly-paid status in South Korea by keeping their numbers low. [77] [91] [92] [93]

The Democratic Party of Korea

At the outset of the crisis in February 2024, Democratic Party politician Lee Jae-myung opposed the strike and supported the quota increase. [94] Lee would later become President of South Korea following the 2025 election. While campaigning for president, he criticized the ruling People Power Party's handling of the situation, and said that a compromise solution was needed. He stated that he would resolve the issue by creating a public participation committee, which would involve both experts and members of the public. [85] He also made a campaign promise to establish publicly-funded medical schools in rural areas to address the rural doctors shortage, but this was also criticized as impractical by the Korean Medical Association and others in the medical community. [76] [95]

Doctors and medical experts

Medical professionals argued the plan would degrade medical education, and asserted that the quota increase would not immediately resolve manpower problems because training takes ten years. [96] A fresh medical student becoming a specialist takes six-years of studying, a one-year internship and three to four years of residency. [97] While those who supported the quota increase replied that, on average, medical schools in South Korea have only one-third as many students per school compared to schools in Germany and half as many compared to schools in the United States; each medical school professor in South Korea handles an average of 1.6 students. [65]

In late February, many doctors resigned collectively, [98] The Ministry of Health and Welfare found 10,034 resignation letters and 9,006 resignations among interns and residents in 100 hospitals. [99] Senior doctors and professors from 20 hospitals planned to resign on March 25 in solidarity, [100] but only started working reduced hours on that day. [101] In July, many doctors across South Korea participated in a one-day walkout. [77]

Students

From the start of the crisis in February, 2024, many medical undergraduates suspended their studies, boycotting the proposed change. [47] Some universities, such as Gachon University and Gyeongsang National University announced that they would delay the start of the semester. Over 14,000 students submitted leave-of-absence applications, which is over 66% of all medical students in the country. [102] By August 2024, in spite of some government concessions, attendance stood at only 7.2%. [103]

Media

The Emergency Response Headquarters, headed by Prime Minister Han Duck-soo, conducted daily press briefings in March. The government also produced promotional videos to criticize the strike movement. The videos could be seen in movie theaters, public buses, subways and elevators. Healthcare workers argued that they were villainized by President Yoon and the media in a way that undermined public trust in the doctor-patient relationship. [104] [4]

Impact

Severance Hospital, Seoul National University Hospital, and many other hospitals were forced to cancel or postpone many surgeries. [105] Some hospitals shortened operation durations or prioritized critically ill patients. [106] [ full citation needed ]

An ophthalmology professor in his 40's died of brain hemorrhage on March 24, [107] and an internal medicine professor in his 50's died of intestinal obstruction on April 20. [108] This raised concerns about health risks to overworked medical school professors covering for resigning residents. [107] [108]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Gong, Se Eun (September 15, 2024). "As medical strike drags on in South Korea, patients are on edge". NPR. Retrieved June 5, 2025.
  2. ↑ "jeongong-ui oneul byeong-won tteonanda…"susul eotteoghae" uilyodaelan hyeonsillo" 전공의 오늘 병원 떠난다…"수술 어떡해" 의료대란 현실로 [The resident leaves the hospital today… “What should I do about the surgery?” The medical crisis is a reality.]. Yonhap News Agency . February 20, 2024. Retrieved February 20, 2024.
  3. ↑ Park, Ju-min (March 7, 2025). "South Korea offers to freeze medical student numbers to resolve 13-month dispute". Reuters. Retrieved June 5, 2025.
  4. 1 2 ""90eog ssod-a bueossda" gugmin yeonghwagwan-eseo nandeeobs-i 'uidaejeung-won'…mwonga bwassdeoni" "90억 쏟아 부었다" 국민 영화관에서 난데없이 '의대증원'…뭔가 봤더니 ["We poured 9 billion won" The national movie theater suddenly 'increased the number of medical schools'… I saw something]. 헤럴드경제 (in Korean). March 24, 2024. Retrieved July 28, 2024.
  5. 1 2 3 "Junior doctor strikes in South Korea: more doctors are needed?". The Lancet Regional Health – Western Pacific. 44. March 1, 2024. doi:10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101056. ISSN   2666-6065. PMC   11035933 . PMID   38654747.
  6. ↑ Lee, Byung Uk (February 8, 2025). "More physicians needed for more hope in South Korea" . The Lancet. 405 (10477): 463–464. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(25)00089-3. ISSN   0140-6736. PMID   39922666.
  7. 1 2 "Why Doctors Are Against South Korea's Expansion of Medical School Admissions". thediplomat.com. Retrieved June 5, 2025.
  8. 1 2 "Yīxué shēng kuòzhāo'yǐnbào wéijī! Nánhán wàn míng yīshēng bàgōng" 醫學生擴招」引爆危機！ 南韓萬名醫生罷工 ["Expansion of medical student enrollment" triggers]. February 26, 2024. Archived from the original on March 13, 2024. Retrieved February 27, 2024.
  9. 1 2 Lee, Bu-Kyu (June 30, 2024). "The dispute over increasing medical student numbers in South Korea". Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. 50 (3): 121–122. doi:10.5125/jkaoms.2024.50.3.121. ISSN   2234-7550. PMC   11217699 . PMID   38940647.
  10. ↑ World Population Prospects 2019 Archived 2019-08-29 at the Wayback Machine by the United Nations, DESA, Population Division.
  11. ↑ "S. Korea's childbirth tally drops to another historic low in October …". archive.fo. January 23, 2019. Archived from the original on January 23, 2019. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
  12. ↑ "South Korea's fertility rate is the lowest in the world". The Economist. June 30, 2018. ISSN   0013-0613. Archived from the original on January 23, 2019. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
  13. ↑ "Fertility rate dips below 1 in 2018: official". archive.fo. January 30, 2019. Archived from the original on January 30, 2019. Retrieved January 30, 2019.
  14. ↑ Gladstone, Rick (January 4, 2021). "As Birthrate Falls, South Korea's Population Declines, Posing Threat to Economy". New York Times . Archived from the original on January 4, 2021. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
  15. ↑ "South Korea is facing a crisis of extinction and it's not due to North's nukes". The Economic Times. January 5, 2021.
  16. ↑ Cho, Kelly Kasulis; Jeong, Andrew (February 27, 2024). "South Korea needs more doctors. A massive strike shows it won't be easy". The Washington Post.
  17. ↑ Park, Seoyeon; Kim, Min Seo; Yon, Dong Keon; Lee, Seung Won; Ward, Joseph L.; McLaughlin, Susan A.; Mehlman, Max L.; Koyanagi, Ai; Smith, Lee; Jacob, Louis; Agampodi, Suneth Buddhika; Beiranvand, Maryam; Choi, Dong-Woo; Hong, Sung Hwi; Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi (August 1, 2023). "Population health outcomes in South Korea 1990–2019, and projections up to 2040: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019". The Lancet Public Health. 8 (8): e639 –e650. doi:10.1016/S2468-2667(23)00122-6. ISSN   2468-2667. PMC   10400799 . PMID   37516480.
  18. ↑ "Korea ranks 2nd-lowest in number of doctors among OECD nations - The Korea Times". www.koreatimes.co.kr. July 25, 2023. Retrieved June 5, 2025.
  19. ↑ "jibang-uilyowon 69% uisa bujog… jeongnyeon neomgin 70daedo chaeyong" 지방의료원 69% 의사 부족… 정년 넘긴 70대도 채용 [69% shortage of doctors at local medical centers… Recruitment of people in their 70s who are past retirement age]. The Dong-A Ilbo (in Korean). March 6, 2023. Retrieved July 18, 2024.
  20. ↑ 채, 혜선 (March 19, 2024). "4.5il geunmu, yeonbong 4eog-edo musosig…deo simhaejin jibang-uilyowon gu-innan" 4.5일 근무, 연봉 4억에도 무소식…더 심해진 지방의료원 구인난 [4.5 days of work, no news despite annual salary of 400 million won... Local medical center recruitment crisis worsens]. JoongAng Ilbo (in Korean). Retrieved July 18, 2024.
  21. ↑ 박, 진호 (February 19, 2023). ""yeonbong 1eog deo…uisa, 4eog-e mosibnida" sogchouilyowon chogangsu" "연봉 1억 더…의사, 4억에 모십니다" 속초의료원 초강수 ["100 million more won in annual salary… Doctors are offered for 400 million won" Sokcho Medical Center Super Gangsu]. JoongAng Ilbo (in Korean). Retrieved July 21, 2024.
  22. ↑ Kim, Hyun Ah; Jung, Sung Hoon; Park, In Young; Kang, Seong Hun (September 1, 2020). "Hourly wages of physicians within medical fees based on the Korean relative value unit system". The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine. 35 (5): 1238–1244. doi:10.3904/kjim.2018.452. PMC   7487311 . PMID   31870135.
  23. ↑ Jack, Andrew (June 24, 2015). "Why the panic? South Korea's MERS response questioned" . BMJ. 350: h3403. doi:10.1136/bmj.h3403. ISSN   1756-1833. PMID   26108610. S2CID   38833740.
  24. ↑ Lee, Yuri; Kim, Siwoo; Kim, So Yoon; Kim, Ganglip (March 2019). "Ethical Consideration of National Health Insurance Reform for Universal Health Coverage in the Republic of Korea". Asian Bioethics Review. 11 (1): 41–56. doi:10.1007/s41649-019-00079-1. PMC   7747280 . PMID   33717299.
  25. ↑ Dohyeong Kim, Soojin Min and Hyoungah Kim, "Korean health policies", In: Chung-in Moon, M. Jae Moon (eds.) Routledge Handbook of Korean Politics and Public Administration (2020)
  26. ↑ Yoon, Hee Sung; Cho, Sung Woock; Sugumaran, Vijayan (2011). "A Service System Design to Support Medical Tourism in South Korea". CONF-IRM 2011 Proceedings.
  27. ↑ "Korean pediatrician shortage means long lines, frustration". Korea JoongAng Daily . January 11, 2023. Retrieved February 12, 2023.
  28. ↑ Kim, Arin (February 22, 2023). "Korea declares emergency measures over children's health care crisis". The Korea Herald . Retrieved June 18, 2023.
  29. ↑ Lee, Hae-rin (June 14, 2023). "'Unpopular' medical departments face shortage of doctors". The Korea Times . Retrieved June 18, 2023.
  30. ↑ "South Korean medical students revolt over government health reform plans". Reuters. August 26, 2020. Retrieved February 12, 2023.
  31. ↑ "S. Korea suffers shortage of medical workers as burned out nurses quit". The Hankyoreh . Retrieved February 25, 2023.
  32. ↑ Koh, Jung Min (November 30, 2022). "Harassed by low medical fees, Korean doctors see their patients hurriedly". Korea Biomedical Review . Retrieved June 18, 2023.
  33. ↑ de Guzman, Chad (February 9, 2023). "South Korea Has a Dire Doctor Shortage. Will Relaxing Malpractice Punishment Help?". TIME. Retrieved July 27, 2024.
  34. ↑ Park, Hyoung Wook (June 30, 2024). "The 2024 Medical Crisis : Challenges for Medical Education". Korean Medical Education Review. 26 (2): 118–121. doi: 10.17496/kmer.24.021 . ISSN   2092-5603.
  35. 1 2 "Hánguó xué é fēngbō jiē yīliáo xìtǒng zhēngyì yīshēng cízhí kàngyì zǒnglǐ jǐnggào wù yǐ rénmìng yào xié" 韓國學額風波 揭醫療系統爭議 醫生辭職抗議 總理警告勿以人命要脅 [South Korea’s school quota scandal reveals controversy in the medical system. Doctors resign in protest. The Prime Minister warns not to threaten human lives.]. 明報新聞網 - 每日明報 daily news (in Chinese). February 19, 2024. Retrieved February 22, 2024.
  36. ↑ Watts, Jonathan (2000). "Doctors' first strike in Republic of Korea likely to end". Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 78 (12): 1478. ISSN   0042-9686. PMC   2560667 . PMID   11196505.
  37. ↑ "South Korea set to adjust medical reforms in bid to end walkout". CNA. Retrieved May 15, 2024.
  38. ↑ "2025hagnyeondo uidae jeung-won choedae 1500myeongdae choban…2026nyeon-eun '2cheon myeong' jeung-won" 2025학년도 의대 증원 최대 1500명대 초반…2026년은 '2천 명' 증원 [Medical school enrollment for the 2025 school year is expected to increase to around 1,500 students… In 2026, the number of employees will be increased by '2,000'.]. KBS News (in Korean). Retrieved July 23, 2024.
  39. ↑ "South Korea adds 1,500 medical student slots in scaled-back expansion". Nikkei Asia . Retrieved July 23, 2024.
  40. ↑ Na-young, Kim (April 17, 2025). "Hopes for resolution of medical standoff loom as gov't reverses med school admission quota hike for 2026 | Yonhap News Agency". Yonhap News Agency. Archived from the original on April 17, 2025. Retrieved June 6, 2025.
  41. ↑ "Korea medical body's response to foreign doctor hiring plan blasted as 'racist'". South China Morning Post. May 10, 2024. Retrieved May 15, 2024.
  42. ↑ "uihyeobhoejang "somallia uisa keomingssun"…"injongchabyeol" musmaee sagje(jonghab)" 의협회장 "소말리아 의사 커밍쑨"…"인종차별" 뭇매에 삭제(종합) [Chairman of the Medical Association "Somali doctor Coming Sun"... Deleted due to criticism over "racism" (comprehensive)]. Seoul Shinmun (in Korean). May 9, 2024. Retrieved July 22, 2024.
  43. ↑ "gugnae oegug-in 251manmyeong···'damunhwasahoe' jin-ib nun-ap" 국내 외국인 251만명···'다문화사회' 진입 눈앞 [2.51 million foreigners in Korea... we are on the verge of entering a 'multicultural society']. 한국문화홍보서비스 (in Korean). Retrieved July 21, 2024.
  44. ↑ "Int'l couples account for one out of 10 marriages in Korea". The Korea Times . March 19, 2024. Retrieved July 22, 2024.
  45. ↑ "jeongong-ui gongbaeg me-uneun 'jungdong-uisa' 130yeomyeong, susul-jinlyo bojo… uisasotong deung-en hangyedo" 전공의 공백 메우는 '중동의사' 130여명, 수술-진료 보조… 의사소통 등엔 한계도 [About 130 'Middle Eastern doctors' fill the gap in specialties, assisting in surgery and medical treatment… There are limits to communication, etc.]. The Dong-A Ilbo (in Korean). May 30, 2024. Retrieved July 15, 2024.
  46. ↑ "uidae jeung-won susja '2cheon myeong'…geungeowa nonlan-eun?" 의대 증원 숫자 '2천 명'…근거와 논란은? [Number of medical schools increased by '2,000'… What is the basis and controversy?]. Korean Broadcasting System . February 19, 2024.
  47. 1 2 3 "'jibdansajig jeongong-ui' 831myeong eobmugaesimyeonglyeong…'myeonheo bagtal' gyeong-go" '집단사직 전공의' 831명 업무개시명령…'면허 박탈' 경고 [831 'residents who resigned collectively' ordered to start work… 'License revoked' warning]. Korean Broadcasting System . February 20, 2024.
  48. 1 2 "Police open probe into doctors' ringleaders as deadline approaches". Korea JoongAng Daily . February 28, 2024.
  49. ↑ "'uidaejeung-won = jil jeoha' jujang-e daehan daetonglyeong-ui banbag [hyeonjang-yeongsang]" '의대증원 = 질 저하' 주장에 대한 대통령의 반박 [현장영상] [President's rebuttal to the argument that 'increasing medical schools = lowering quality' [On-site video]]. Korean Broadcasting System . February 20, 2024.
  50. ↑ "Chāo 9000 míng yīshēng jítǐ cízhí! Hánguó yīliáo xìtǒng wéijī shēng zhì zuì gāojí-xīn húnán" 超9000名医生集体辞职！韩国医疗系统危机升至最高级-新湖南 [More than 9,000 doctors resigned en masse! The crisis in South Korea's medical system reaches the highest level - New Hunan]. 新湖南_湖南新闻第一端 (in Chinese). February 22, 2024. Retrieved February 22, 2024.
  51. ↑ Park, Jun-hee (February 23, 2024). "Health care crisis hits highest level amid doctor walkout". The Korea Herald . Retrieved August 6, 2024.
  52. ↑ "uidae jeung-won: seoulgobeob, uidaejeung-won jibhaengjeongji 'gagha·gigag'... uilyo galdeung eotteohge doena?" 의대 증원: 서울고법, 의대증원 집행정지 '각하·기각'... 의료 갈등 어떻게 되나? [Medical school expansion: Seoul High Court 'dismisses/dismisses' suspension of medical school expansion... What happens to the medical conflict?]. BBC News 코리아 (in Korean). May 16, 2024. Retrieved July 19, 2024.
  53. ↑ "Nánhán cízhí yīshēng pò wàn zhèngfǔ zhǐ ruò zài zhōu sì qián fùgōng jiāng bù zhuījiù" 南韓辭職醫生破萬 政府指若在周四前復工將不追究 [The number of doctors who resigned in South Korea exceeds 10,000, and the government says that if they resume work before Thursday, they will not be held accountable]. Now 新聞 (in Chinese). February 26, 2024. Retrieved February 26, 2024.
  54. ↑ 中文新闻组 (March 11, 2024). "Hán zhèngfǔ xiàng jìn 5000 míng jù bù fǎn gǎng yīshī fāsòng diàoxiāo zhízhào tōngzhī" 韩政府向近5000名拒不返岗医师发送吊销执照通知 [South Korean government sends license revocation notices to nearly 5,000 doctors who refuse to return to work]. 韩联社（韩国联合通讯社） (in Chinese). Retrieved March 11, 2024.
  55. ↑ "Hánguó jìn 300 yīshēng fùgōng zhèngfǔ míng qǐ chǔfèn wèi fǎn gǎng yīshēng" 韩国近300医生复工 政府明起处分未返岗医生 [Nearly 300 doctors in South Korea have returned to work. The government will punish doctors who fail to return to work tomorrow.]. 联合早报 (in Chinese). February 29, 2024. Retrieved February 29, 2024.
  56. ↑ 边龙珠 (March 3, 2024). "Hán zhèngfǔ yī jiè fǎn gǎng lìng shíxiàn yǐguò jíjiāng cǎiqǔ xíngzhèng sīfǎ chǔfèn" 韩政府医界返岗令时限已过 即将采取行政司法处分 [The time limit for the Korean government's order for the medical community to return to work has expired and administrative and judicial sanctions will be taken soon]. 韩联社（韩国联合通讯社） (in Chinese). Retrieved March 3, 2024.
  57. 1 2 "Hánguó zhèngfǔ: Jiāng xiànchǎng jiǎnchá yīshēng chūqín qíngkuàng wèi fù gǎng yīshēng zhízhào jiāng bèi diàoxiāo zhìshǎo 3 gè yuè" 韩国政府：将现场检查医生出勤情况 未复岗医生执照将被吊销至少3个月 [South Korean Government: Doctors' attendance status will be checked on-site. Doctors who fail to return to work will have their licenses revoked for at least 3 months.]. 新闻频道_央视网(cctv.com) (in Chinese). March 4, 2024. Retrieved March 4, 2024.
  58. ↑ "Telemedicine services to be expanded as 'golden hour' of medical crisis looms". February 23, 2024. Retrieved August 26, 2024.
  59. ↑ "PA nurses to fill medical manpower gap amid gov't-doctor conflict". The Korea Times . March 7, 2024.
  60. ↑ "Hánguó bǎojiàn fúzhǐ bù xuānbù jírì qǐ tiáozhěng hùshì yèwù fànwéi chéngdān bùfèn yīshēng yèwù" 韩国保健福祉部宣布即日起调整护士业务范围 承担部分医生业务 [South Korea's Ministry of Health and Welfare announced that it will adjust the business scope of nurses and assume some of the doctor's business from now on]. 川观新闻 (in Chinese). August 11, 2020. Retrieved February 27, 2024.
  61. ↑ "Korean Medical Association executives face prosecution for aiding resident protests". CHOSUNBIZ. May 31, 2025. Retrieved June 6, 2025.
  62. ↑ "Hánguó zhèngfǔ jì tiěwàn xíngdòng, qīqiān míng shíxí yīshēng zāo diàoxiāo zhízhào" 韓國政府祭鐵腕行動，七千名實習醫生遭吊銷執照 [The South Korean government's iron-fisted operation resulted in the suspension of the licenses of 7,000 intern doctors.]. Yahoo News (in Chinese). March 4, 2024. Retrieved March 4, 2024.
  63. 1 2 "Shǒu'ěr dàxué yīxué yuàn jiàoshòu huò jítǐ cízhí hánguó bǎojiàn fúzhǐ bù chēng jiāng yǔ yīshēng duìhuà" 首尔大学医学院教授或集体辞职 韩国保健福祉部称将与医生对话 [Professors at Seoul National University School of Medicine may resign en masse. South Korea's Ministry of Health and Welfare says it will have dialogue with doctors]. 新闻频道_央视网(cctv.com) (in Chinese). March 12, 2024. Retrieved March 12, 2024.
  64. ↑ "Hánguó 100 jiā dàxíng yīyuàn zhōng yǐ yǒu 565 míng cízhí yīshēng fǎn gǎng_zhōngguó wǎng" 韩国100家大型医院中已有565名辞职医生返岗_中国网 [565 resigned doctors from 100 large hospitals in South Korea have returned to work_China Net]. 中国网新闻中心_传递中国价值. March 1, 2024. Retrieved March 3, 2024.
  65. 1 2 "South Korean Doctors Should Return to Duty". thediplomat.com. Retrieved March 17, 2024.
  66. ↑ "Gov't deploys military doctors to address medical service disruptions". The Korea Times . March 11, 2024.
  67. ↑ "Health ministry sends final notice of license suspension to 2 leaders of doctors' group". The Korea Times . March 18, 2024.
  68. ↑ 边龙珠 (March 3, 2024). "Hán zǒnglǐ: Jiāng cǎiqǔ cuòshī yìngduì fēifǎ lí gǎng yīshēng" 韩总理：将采取措施应对非法离岗医生 [Prime Minister of South Korea: Measures will be taken to deal with doctors who leave their jobs illegally]. 韩联社（韩国联合通讯社） (in Chinese). Retrieved March 3, 2024.
  69. ↑ "Yoon refuses to back down on medical school quota hike". The Korea Times . April 4, 2024.
  70. ↑ 15일 정오 기준 '전공의 출근율 8.4%…인턴은 3.4%'. 청년의사 (in Korean). 청년의사. July 16, 2024. Retrieved August 26, 2024.
  71. ↑ "oneulbuteo habangi jeongong-ui mojib sijag…inteon·lejideonteu chong 7,645myeong chaeyong" 오늘부터 하반기 전공의 모집 시작…인턴·레지던트 총 7,645명 채용 [Recruitment of majors for the second half of the year begins today... Recruitment of a total of 7,645 interns and residents]. KBS News (in Korean). Retrieved July 26, 2024.
  72. ↑ "Gov't unveils measures to prevent boycotting med students from failing semester". The Korea Times . July 10, 2024. Retrieved August 6, 2024.
  73. ↑ "Health ministry to unveil measures in connection with medical school admission hike". Yonhap News Agency . August 16, 2024.
  74. ↑ Oh, Seok-min (December 4, 2024). "Full text of martial law decree". Yonhap News Agency . Retrieved December 3, 2024.
  75. ↑ "South Korea lifts president's martial law decree after lawmakers vote against it". AP News. December 3, 2024. Retrieved December 3, 2024.
  76. 1 2 "DP candidate Lee proposes public medical school in health care policy statement". koreajoongangdaily.joins.com. April 23, 2025. Retrieved June 6, 2025.
  77. 1 2 3 Young, Jin Yu (June 18, 2024). "More Doctors Walk Off the Job in South Korea". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved June 6, 2025.
  78. ↑ "uihyeob bidaewi "jeongong-ui sajig-eun gibongwon haengsa…wiheonjeog haengtae jungdanhala"" 의협 비대위 "전공의 사직은 기본권 행사…위헌적 행태 중단하라" [Medical Association Non-Captain "Resignation by a major is an exercise of basic right... Stop this unconstitutional behavior."]. Korean Broadcasting System . February 20, 2024.
  79. ↑ "Doctors take to streets in protest of medical school quota hike". The Korea Times . March 3, 2024. Retrieved August 26, 2024.
  80. ↑ 전공의 대표가 '복귀 조건'으로 언급한 7가지 요구안은?. 의협신문 (in Korean). February 23, 2024. Retrieved August 29, 2024.
  81. ↑ "Health care worker union to launch general strike on Thursday". Korea JoongAng Daily . August 25, 2024. Retrieved August 30, 2024.
  82. ↑ "Unionized hospital workers pull out from strike". The Korea Herald . August 29, 2024.
  83. ↑ "We're overworked and unheard, say South Korean doctors in mass walkout". The Straits Times. February 26, 2024. Retrieved August 29, 2024.
  84. ↑ "'ju 80sigan' jeongong-ui jwieojjaneun byeong-won… "jeonmun-ui neulligo jeosuga gaeseon-eul"[icham-e tteud-eogochyeoya hal, daehanmingug gihyeongjeog uilyochegye]" '주 80시간' 전공의 쥐어짜는 병원… "전문의 늘리고 저수가 개선을"[이참에 뜯어고쳐야 할, 대한민국 기형적 의료체계] [A hospital that is squeezing in residents for '80 hours a week'… "Increase the number of specialists and improve the number of medical staff" [Korea's deformed medical system that needs to be repaired now]]. Seoul Shinmun (in Korean). March 8, 2024. Retrieved July 18, 2024.
  85. 1 2 "The Korean Medical Association has asked President Lee Jae-myung to make resolving the medical crisi.. - MK". 매일경제. June 5, 2025. Retrieved June 6, 2025.
  86. ↑ Wendy (July 5, 2024). "'Heading straight towards death': South Korean patients urge doctors to end prolonged strike". The Straits Times. ISSN   0585-3923 . Retrieved August 7, 2024.
  87. ↑ "uilyopa-eob jang-gihwa-e gyeolgug geolilo naseon hwanjadeul...'50nyeon gat-eun 5gaewol-ieossda'" 의료파업 장기화에 결국 거리로 나선 환자들...'50년 같은 5개월이었다' [Patients ended up taking to the streets due to the prolonged medical strike... 'It was 5 months that felt like 50 years']. BBC News 코리아 (in Korean). July 4, 2024. Retrieved August 7, 2024.
  88. ↑ "jungjeungjilhwanja·simindanche "byeong-won-eulo boggwihaedalla"" 중증질환자·시민단체 "병원으로 복귀해달라" [Severely ill patients and civic groups ask to return to the hospital]. Korean Broadcasting System . February 21, 2024.
  89. ↑ "jogyejong, jeongong-ui boggwi hoso…"saengmyeong-eun mueosboda jongwi"" 조계종, 전공의 복귀 호소…"생명은 무엇보다 존귀" [Jogye Order appeals for the return of majors… "Life is more precious than anything else"]. Korean Broadcasting System . February 22, 2024.
  90. ↑ 의료공백 장기화에... 국민 49% "정부 대응 잘못"[한국갤럽]. Hankook Ilbo (in Korean). March 15, 2024. Retrieved August 29, 2024.
  91. ↑ "Are doctors really a special class?". koreajoongangdaily.joins.com. March 5, 2024. Retrieved June 6, 2025.
  92. ↑ Young, Jin Yu (April 4, 2024). "As Doctors' Walkout Drags On, Some South Koreans Are Losing Patience". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved June 6, 2025.
  93. ↑ Dyer, Owen (February 26, 2024). "South Korea: Striking junior doctors are threatened with arrest and suspension" . BMJ. 384: q495. doi:10.1136/bmj.q495. ISSN   1756-1833. PMID   38408776.
  94. ↑ "ijaemyeong "uidae suncha jeung-won-i mattang…uisa pa-eob jeuggag jungdanhaeya"" 이재명 "의대 순차 증원이 마땅…의사 파업 즉각 중단해야" [Lee Jae-myeong "Medical schools should be sequentially increased... The doctors' strike must be stopped immediately."]. Korean Broadcasting System . February 21, 2024.
  95. ↑ "Korea's medical community criticizes new local medical school pledges amid regional disparities". CHOSUNBIZ. May 29, 2025. Retrieved June 6, 2025.
  96. ↑ Davies, Ed; Shin, Hyonhee (March 6, 2024). "Explainer: Why South Korean doctors and the government remain at odds over walkout?". Reuters .
  97. ↑ "jeongong-ui 'ju 80sigan' jangsigan geunmu" 전공의 '주 80시간' 장시간 근무 [Residents work long hours, '80 hours a week']. Korean Broadcasting System . February 21, 2024.
  98. ↑ "Trainee doctors set to stop work in protest over med school quota hike". February 20, 2024. Retrieved August 26, 2024.
  99. ↑ 집단사직 전공의 '1만명' 넘었다…전체 80.5% [The number of students who resigned en masse exceeded 10,000… 80.5% of the total]. 청년의사 (in Korean). February 26, 2024. Retrieved August 29, 2024.
  100. ↑ "South Korean senior doctors to resign in support of junior medics' walkout". CNA. Retrieved March 17, 2024.
  101. ↑ "South Korea's medical professors join protests, reduce hours in practice". TODAY. Retrieved March 26, 2024.
  102. ↑ "Coursework boycotts could mean thousands of Korean med students are held back a grade". The Hankyoreh . Retrieved August 6, 2024.
  103. ↑ Park, Jun-hee. "2.7% of med students return to class amid ongoing boycott". The Korea Herald . The Korea Herald . Retrieved August 4, 2024.
  104. ↑ An, Shinki (June 30, 2024). "The Abyss from Which We Must Arise Despite Our Pain: The 2024 Medical Crisis and the Moral Injury of Medical School Professors". Korean Medical Education Review. 26 (2): 125–132. doi: 10.17496/kmer.24.023 . ISSN   2092-5603.
  105. ↑ "jeongong-ui eobsneun big5 byeong-won 'olseutob'?…jungjeung·eung-geub jinlyo choeuseon" 전공의 없는 빅5 병원 '올스톱'?…중증·응급 진료 최우선 [Big 5 hospitals without medical residents 'all stop'?… Severe/emergency care is the top priority]. Korean Broadcasting System . February 22, 2024.
  106. ↑ "jeongong-ui jibdan ital uilyo pahaeng bongyeoghwa…jeongug byeong-won bisang un-yeong dol-ib(jonghab)" 전공의 집단 이탈 의료 파행 본격화…전국 병원 비상 운영 돌입(종합) [Medical crippling is in full swing due to group departure of medical residents... Nationwide hospitals begin emergency operation (comprehensive)]. Naver News (in Korean). February 20, 2024. Retrieved February 22, 2024.
  107. 1 2 "byeong-won jikideon busandaebyeong-won angwa gyosu samang…uilyogye aedo" 병원 지키던 부산대병원 안과 교수 사망…의료계 애도 [Pusan National University Hospital ophthalmology professor who was guarding the hospital dies... medical community mourning]. 청년의사 (in Korean). March 24, 2024. Retrieved June 12, 2024.
  108. 1 2 "ibeon-en naegwa gyosu samang...uilyogye "gwalo ttaemun", byeong-won "gwalowa mugwan"" 이번엔 내과 교수 사망...의료계 "과로 때문", 병원 "과로와 무관" [This time, an internal medicine professor dies... The medical community says it's "due to overwork," and the hospital says it has nothing to do with overwork.]. The Chosun Ilbo (in Korean). April 21, 2024. Retrieved June 12, 2024.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.