230s BC

Last updated

This article concerns the period 239 BC – 230 BC.

Contents

Events

239 BC

This section is transcluded from 239 BC. (edit | history)

By place

Carthage
  • Concerned that Hamilcar Barca's leniency in pardoning those who he has captured who have participated in the Mercenary War will encourage others to defect, Mathos and Spendius order the mutilation and execution of "about seven hundred" Carthaginian prisoners, including Gesco. With the mercenaries jointly guilty of these atrocities, defectors dare not face Carthaginian justice under Hamilcar.
  • Carthage is besieged by the mercenary armies, while the city of Utica revolts and attempts to secede from Carthage. Carthage appeals to Hiero II of Syracuse and to Rome for aid against the mercenaries. However, the mercenary leaders reject the efforts of Roman mediators.
  • Sardinia revolts against Carthage and Rome takes the opportunity to annex the island.
Greece
Seleucid Empire
  • Seleucus II's brother Antiochus Hierax, who is governor of Seleucid Anatolia, sends an army into Syria ostensibly to assist Seleucus but actually to seize the rest of the empire. After achieving peace with Egypt, Seleucus II promptly invades Anatolia and begins the "War of the Brothers".
Persia
China
  • Cheng Jiao, the half-brother of Ying Zheng, the king of Qin, is sent to attack the State of Zhao, but he attempts to usurp power and is defeated and executed.
  • Qin Prime Minister Lü Buwei publishes the "Spring and Autumn Annals of Lü Buwei" ( Lüshi Chunqiu ). [1]
  • Rough date: The Zhao general Pang Nuan captures the Qi city of Rao'an and the Yan cities of Li and Yangcheng. [2]
Korea
  • Haemosu, who is a descendant of the people of the empire of Gojoseon, establishes the ancient kingdom of Bukbuyeo in modern-day Jilin, northeast China.

238 BC

This section is transcluded from 238 BC. (edit | history)

By place

Carthage
  • Hamilcar Barca strikes at the supply lines of the mercenary army besieging Carthage, forcing them to cease the siege of the city. He then fights a series of running engagements with the mercenary armies, keeping them off balance. Hamilcar manages to force the mercenary armies into a box canyon in the Battle of "The Saw". The mercenaries are besieged in the canyon.
  • The mercenary army, under the leadership of Spendius, attempts to fight its way out of the siege but is totally defeated by the Carthaginian forces led by Hamilcar Barca. After the battle, Hamilcar executes some 40,000 rebel mercenaries.
  • Hamilcar's armies capture a number of rebel Libyan cities. The Libyan settlements that have rebelled surrender to Carthage, with the exception of Utica and Hippacritae.
  • Hamilcar and another Carthaginian general, Hannibal, besiege Mathos' mercenary army at Tunis and crucify the captured mercenary leaders in sight of the mercenary battlements.
  • Mathos exploits a weakness in Hannibal's defenses and launches an attack against his army, capturing Hannibal and several other high ranking Carthaginians. The mercenaries then crucify the captured Carthaginian leaders.
  • Carthaginian reinforcements led by Hanno the Great join the battle. They defeat Mathos' mercenary forces and Mathos is captured.
  • The Carthaginian armies besiege and capture Utica and Hippacritae. This ends the Carthaginian civil war.
  • The Romans declare war on the Carthaginians over which state controls Sardinia. However, Carthage defers to Rome rather than enter yet another war and gives up any claim to Sardinia.
Egypt
Persia

Asia Minor

China
  • Ying Zheng, having reached adulthood, celebrates his capping ceremony as the king of Qin.
  • Ying Zheng and Prime Minister Lü Buwei crush the rebellion of Lao Ai. Lao Ai is executed.

237 BC

This section is transcluded from 237 BC. (edit | history)

By place

Carthage
  • Hamilcar Barca's success in defeating the mercenaries results in a growth in his strength as leader of Carthage's popular party and support for his proposed invasion of the Iberian Peninsula. However, as spokesman for the landed nobility, Hanno opposes the policy of foreign conquest pursued by Hamilcar Barca.
  • Nevertheless, Hamilcar Barca leads a Carthaginian army in an invasion of the Iberian Peninsula with the aim of building a base from which war with Rome can be renewed. By skillful generalship and able diplomacy, Hamilcar extends Carthaginian dominion over many Spanish tribes.
China
  • Lü Buwei is deposed as the Prime Minister of Qin.
  • The Qin official and philosopher Li Si persuades the king, Ying Zheng, not to expel foreign officers with his "Petition against the Expulsion of Guest Officers" ( Jianzhuke Shu ).

236 BC

This section is transcluded from 236 BC. (edit | history)

By place

Asia Minor
Egypt
China
Sri Lanka

235 BC

This section is transcluded from 235 BC. (edit | history)

By place

Roman Republic
Asia Minor
Greece
China

By topic

Literature

234 BC

This section is transcluded from 234 BC. (edit | history)

By place

Greece
Roman Republic
China
  • The Qin general Huan Yi wins a major victory over the Zhao general Hu Zhe in the Battle of Pingyang, and captures Pingyang and Wucheng.

233 BC

This section is transcluded from 233 BC. (edit | history)


By place

China

232 BC

This section is transcluded from 232 BC. (edit | history)

By place

Seleucid Empire
  • The Seleucid king Seleucus II Callinicus undertakes an expedition into the interior of Iran to try to regain Parthia, but his efforts come to nothing. According to some sources, he is even taken prisoner for several years by the Parthian king, Arsaces I. Other sources mention that he establishes a peace with Arsaces I by recognising his sovereignty over Parthia.
Roman Republic
  • Despite the opposition of the Roman Senate and of his own father, the Roman political leader Gaius Flaminius wins the passage of a measure to distribute land among the plebeians. The Romans decide to parcel out land north of Rome (the Ager Gallicus) into small holdings for its poorer citizens whose farms have fallen into ruin during the First Punic War.
China
  • The king of Qin, Ying Zheng, invites Prince Han Fei, a legalist philosopher and member of the Han royal family, to the Qin court. However, at the instigation of Li Si, he then has him imprisoned and executed as a threat to the state.
  • The Zhao general Li Mu defeats the Qin army in the Battle of Fanwu.

By topic

Philosophy
  • Following the death of his mentor, Cleanthes of Assos, Chrysippus of Soli succeeds him as the third head of the Stoic school. The many writings of Chrysippus, about the Stoic doctrines, will later earn him the title of Second Founder of Stoicism.

231 BC

This section is transcluded from 231 BC. (edit | history)

By place

Greece
Roman Republic

230 BC

This section is transcluded from 230 BC. (edit | history)

By place

Asia Minor
  • The city of Pergamum is attacked by the Galatians (Celts who have settled in central Anatolia) because the leader of Pergamum, Attalus I Soter, has refused to pay them the customary tribute. Attalus crushes his enemy in a battle outside the walls of his city and to mark the success he takes the title of king and the name Soter.
Greece
  • King Agron of Illyria dies. Pinnes, the son of Agron and Agron's first wife Triteuta, officially succeeds his father as king, but the kingdom is effectively ruled by Agron's second wife, Queen Teuta (Tefta), who expels the Greeks from the Illyrian coast and then launches Illyrian pirate ships into the Ionian Sea, preying on Roman shipping. She continues her husband's policy of attacking cities on the west coast of Greece and practising large-scale piracy in the Adriatic and Ionian Seas.
Roman Republic
  • With Roman merchants being killed by the Illyrian pirates, envoys are sent by Rome to Illyria. After the Roman ambassador lucius Coruncanius and the Issaean ambassador Cleemporus are murdered at sea by Illyrian soldiers after causing offence to Queen Teuta, Roman forces occupy the island of Corcyra with the aim of humbling Teuta.
Egypt
China
India

Births

Transcluding articles: 239 BC, 238 BC, 237 BC, 236 BC, 235 BC, 234 BC, 233 BC, 232 BC, 231 BC, and 230 BC

239 BC

238 BC

236 BC

235 BC

234 BC

232 BC

231 BC

230 BC

Deaths

Transcluding articles: 239 BC, 238 BC, 237 BC, 236 BC, 235 BC, 234 BC, 233 BC, 232 BC, 231 BC, and 230 BC

239 BC

238 BC

237 BC

235 BC

234 BC

233 BC

232 BC

231 BC

230 BC

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References

  1. ↑ Qian, Sima. Records of the Grand Historian, Section: The First Emperor, Section: Lu Buwei.
  2. ↑ Pang Nuan.
  3. ↑ "資治通鑑/卷006 - 维基文库，自由的图书馆". zh.wikisource.org (in Chinese). Retrieved 2022-12-12.
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