3rd Ranger Battalion (United States)

Last updated

3rd Battalion, 75th Ranger Regiment
3 Ranger Battalion Shoulder Sleeve Insignia.svg
3rd Ranger Battalion shoulder sleeve insignia
Active1943–45,1954–56, 1969–71, 1984–present
CountryFlag of the United States.svg  United States of America
Branch United States Department of the Army Seal.svg United States Army
TypeSpecialized Light infantry
Role Special operations
SizeBattalion
Part of 75 Ranger Regiment Shoulder Sleeve Insignia.svg 75th Ranger Regiment
Garrison/HQ Fort Benning, Georgia
Engagements World War II:

Vietnam
Panama
Operation Gothic Serpent:

War on Terror

Insignia
Distinctive unit insignia
75 Ranger Regiment Distinctive Unit Insignia.svg
Unit beret flash
Image5436.gif

The 3rd Ranger Battalion, currently based at Fort Benning, Georgia, is the third of three ranger battalions belonging to the United States Army's 75th Ranger Regiment.

Fort Benning United States Army post outside Columbus, Georgia

Fort Benning is a United States Army post straddling the Alabama–Georgia border next to Columbus, Georgia. Fort Benning supports more than 120,000 active-duty military, family members, reserve component soldiers, retirees, and civilian employees on a daily basis. It is a power projection platform, and possesses the capability to deploy combat-ready forces by air, rail, and highway. Fort Benning is the home of the United States Army Maneuver Center of Excellence, the United States Army Armor School, United States Army Infantry School, the Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation, elements of the 75th Ranger Regiment, 3rd Brigade – 3rd Infantry Division, and many other additional tenant units.

Georgia (U.S. state) State of the United States of America

Georgia is a state in the Southeastern United States. It began as a British colony in 1733, the last and southernmost of the original Thirteen Colonies to be established. Named after King George II of Great Britain, the Province of Georgia covered the area from South Carolina south to Spanish Florida and west to French Louisiana at the Mississippi River. Georgia was the fourth state to ratify the United States Constitution, on January 2, 1788. In 1802–1804, western Georgia was split to the Mississippi Territory, which later split to form Alabama with part of former West Florida in 1819. Georgia declared its secession from the Union on January 19, 1861, and was one of the original seven Confederate states. It was the last state to be restored to the Union, on July 15, 1870. Georgia is the 24th largest and the 8th most populous of the 50 United States. From 2007 to 2008, 14 of Georgia's counties ranked among the nation's 100 fastest-growing, second only to Texas. Georgia is known as the Peach State and the Empire State of the South. Atlanta, the state's capital and most populous city, has been named a global city. Atlanta's metropolitan area contains about 55% of the population of the entire state.

United States Army Land warfare branch of the United States Armed Forces

The United States Army (USA) is the land warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces. It is one of the seven uniformed services of the United States, and is designated as the Army of the United States in the United States Constitution. As the oldest and most senior branch of the U.S. military in order of precedence, the modern U.S. Army has its roots in the Continental Army, which was formed to fight the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783)—before the United States of America was established as a country. After the Revolutionary War, the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784 to replace the disbanded Continental Army. The United States Army considers itself descended from the Continental Army, and dates its institutional inception from the origin of that armed force in 1775.

Contents

History

World War II

After the impressive performance of the 1st Ranger Battalion in the North Africa Campaign the 3rd Ranger Battalion was organized on 19 June 1943 in Morocco, the battalion was made up of American volunteers and led by Major Herman Dammer. [1]

Morocco country in North Africa

Morocco, officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is a country located in the Maghreb region of North West Africa with an area of 710,850 km2 (274,460 sq mi). Its capital is Rabat, the largest city Casablanca. It overlooks the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. Morocco claims the areas of Ceuta, Melilla and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera, all of them under Spanish jurisdiction.

Major is a military rank of commissioned officer status, with corresponding ranks existing in many military forces throughout the world.

The battalion participated in the invasion of Sicily, the invasion of Italy, the battalion was destroyed at the Battle of Cisterna in early 1944. [2]

Allied invasion of Italy battle

The Allied invasion of Italy was the Allied amphibious landing on mainland Italy that took place on 3 September 1943 during the early stages of the Italian Campaign of World War II. The operation was undertaken by General Sir Harold Alexander's 15th Army Group and followed the successful invasion of Sicily. The main invasion force landed around Salerno on 9 September on the western coast in Operation Avalanche, while two supporting operations took place in Calabria and Taranto.

Battle of Cisterna battle during World War II

The Battle of Cisterna took place during World War II, on 30 January–2 February 1944, near Cisterna, Italy, as part of the Battle of Anzio, part of the Italian Campaign. The battle was a clear German victory which also had repercussions on the employment of U.S. Army Rangers that went beyond the immediate tactical and strategic results of the battle.

This unit was consolidated 10 August 1944 with Company F, 475th Infantry Regiment (Long Range Penetration, Special) (constituted 25 May 1944 in the Army of the United States), and consolidated unit designated as Company F, 475th Infantry Regiment. This unit was inactivated 1 July 1945 in China.

Post-WWII

The unit was redesignated 21 June 1954 as Company F, 75th Infantry Regiment, in the Army of the United States, and was allotted on 26 October 1954 to the Regular Army. It was activated 20 November 1954 on Okinawa, and was inactivated there on 21 March 1956.

The unit was again activated on 1 February 1969 in Vietnam, and was again inactivated on 15 March 1971 in Vietnam.

Vietnam Country in Southeast Asia

Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula. With an estimated 94.6 million inhabitants as of 2016, it is the 15th most populous country in the world. Vietnam is bordered by China to the north, Laos and Cambodia to the west, part of Thailand to the southwest, and the Philippines, Malaysia, and Indonesia across the South China Sea to the east and southeast. Its capital city has been Hanoi since the reunification of North and South Vietnam in 1976, while its most populous city is Ho Chi Minh City.

This unit was again redesignated 3 October 1984 as Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 3rd Battalion, 75th Infantry, and activated at Fort Benning, Georgia (organic elements concurrently constituted and activated).

Headquarters and Headquarters Company consolidated 3 February 1986 with former Company A, 3rd Ranger Infantry Battalion 3rd Battalion, 75th Infantry Regiment, concurrently redesignated as the 3rd Battalion, 75th Ranger Regiment.

On 20 December 1989, the 75th Ranger Regiment was committed to Operation Just Cause, in Panama. Along with the 2nd Ranger Battalion, Companies A and B of the 3rd Battalion conducted an airfield seizure of the Rio Hato Airfield, and Company C participated along with the 1st Ranger Battalion to seize the airfield at Torrijos/ Tocumen Airport, and subsequent combat operations contributed significantly to the United States victory in Panama.

In August 1993, elements of Company B of the 3rd Ranger Battalion and the battalion headquarters deployed to Somalia as part of Task Force Ranger. After several successful missions, on 3 October 1993 exactly nine years from the activation of the battalion, they performed a courageous daylight assault where they were engaged in the most intense ground combat for U.S. troops since the Vietnam War.[ citation needed ]

War on Terror

After the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001, the 3rd Ranger Battalion deployed to Afghanistan in support of Operation Enduring Freedom. On 19 October 2001, during the 2001 invasion of Afghanistan, 200 Rangers of 3rd Battalion, 75th Ranger Regiment spearheaded ground forces by conducting an airborne assault to seize Objective Rhino; [3] Spc. Jonn J. Edmunds and Pfc. Kristofer T. Stonesifer were the first combat casualties in the War on Terror when their MH-60L helicopter crashed at Objective Honda in Pakistan, a temporary staging site used by a company of Rangers from 3rd Battalion. [4] [5] During the Battle of Tora Bora in December 2001, a CIA Jawbreaker team (small group of CIA SAD ground branch operators) requested that the 3rd Battalion, 75th Ranger Regiment be inserted into the mountains to establish blocking positions along potential escape routes out of Tora Bora into Pakistan. They would serve as the 'anvil' whilst Green Berets with the AMF (Afghan Militia Forces) would be the 'Hammer,' with attached Air Force Combat Controllers, the Rangers could direct airstrikes onto enemy concentrations or engage them in ambushes, but this was denied. [6]

In 2003, the 3rd Battalion was called upon to participate in the 2003 invasion of Iraq. On March 24, 2003, 3rd Battalion 75th Ranger Regiment conducted a combat drop onto H-1 Air Base, securing the site as a staging area for operations in western Iraq. On the night of March 31/April 1, 2003, Delta Force and 3/75th captured the Haditha Dam complex and held it for a further 5 days. [7]

At the end of 2003, the battalion deployed again, this time sending elements of the battalion to both Afghanistan and Iraq. The battalion deployed multiple times in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom until summer 2010. The battalion continues to deploy in support of Operation Enduring Freedom. Primary tasks include: direct action, national and international emergency crisis response, airfield seizure, airborne and air assault operations, special reconnaissance, intelligence and counter intelligence, combat search and rescue, personnel recovery and hostage rescue, joint special operations, and counter terrorism.

On April 18, 2010, ISOF troops, supported by US troops, carried out a night-time raid on a terrorist safe house near Tikrit in Iraq, the ISOF killed Abu Ayyub al-Masri and Abu Omar al-Baghdadi, the two leaders of ISI; 16 others were also arrested. A US UH-60 Blackhawk helicopter supporting the mission crashed killing a Ranger NCO from 3/75th and wounding the aircrew. [8] [9] [10]

Rangers from the 3rd Ranger Battalion during a nighttime combat mission in Afghanistan, 6 March 2012. Flickr - The U.S. Army - Ranger combat mission.jpg
Rangers from the 3rd Ranger Battalion during a nighttime combat mission in Afghanistan, 6 March 2012.

By mid-2015 each Ranger battalion had completed its 20th deployment in support of both Afghanistan and Iraq operations. As of 28 March 2016, since the War on Terror began, 31 Rangers from the battalion have been killed. [11]

It was reported that on the evening of April 26, 2017, 50 Rangers from 3/75th joined 40 Afghan commandos to conduct a joint US-Afghan operation/raid that was targeting the headquarters of Abdul Hasib, the Emir of ISIS-K, in a village in Achin District, Nangarhar Province, Afghanistan. The force was flown into Mohmand Valley and within minutes were engaged in a heavy, close-quarter firefight, AC-130 gunships, Apache helicopters, F-16 fighters and drones were called in to support the force firefight with ISIS-K militants. The firefight lasted for 3 hours, resulting in 2 Rangers from C and D Companies died of injuries (possibly caused by friendly fire) after being medevaced and a third was also wounded, 35 (including Abdul Hasib and an unspecified number of ISIS-K leaders) ISIS-K militants were also killed. [12] [13] [14]

Annex

Honors

Campaign participation credit

  • World War II:
  1. Algeria-French Morocco (with arrowhead)
  2. Tunisia
  3. Sicily (with arrowhead)
  4. Naples-Foggia (with arrowhead)
  5. Anzio (with arrowhead)
  6. Rome-Arno
  7. Normandy (with arrowhead)
  8. Northern France
  9. Rhineland
  10. Ardennes-Alsace
  11. Central Europe
  12. New Guinea
  13. Leyte (with arrowhead)
  14. Luzon
  15. India-Burma
  16. Central Burma
  • Korean War:
  1. First UN Counteroffensive;
  2. CCF Spring Offensive;
  3. UN Summer-Fall Offensive
  • Vietnam:
  1. Counteroffensive, Phase VI;
  2. Tet 69/Counteroffensive;
  3. Summer-Fall 1969;
  4. Winter-Spring 1970;
  5. Sanctuary Counteroffensive;
  6. Counteroffensive, Phase VII
  • Armed Forces Expeditions:
  1. Panama (with arrowhead)
  2. Somalia (with arrowhead)
  3. Afghanistan (with arrowhead)
  4. Iraq (with arrowhead)

Decorations

See also

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References

  1. ↑ Cawthorne, Nigel, The Mammoth Book of Inside the Elite Forces, Robinson, 2008 ISBN   1845298217 ISBN   978-1845298210
  2. ↑ Cawthorne, Nigel, The Mammoth Book of Inside the Elite Forces, Robinson, 2008 ISBN   1845298217 ISBN   978-1845298210
  3. ↑ Gal Perl Finkel, Win the close fight, The Jerusalem Post, March 21, 2017.
  4. ↑ Neville, Leigh, Special Forces in the War on Terror (General Military), Osprey Publishing, 2015 ISBN   978-1472807908, p.34-36
  5. ↑ "A NATION CHALLENGED: THE EARLY CASUALTIES; 2 Soldiers Remembered for Their Focus and Patriotism, https://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/23/us/nation-challenged-early-casualties-2-soldiers-remembered-for-their-focus.html
  6. ↑ Neville, Leigh, Special Forces in the War on Terror (General Military), Osprey Publishing, 2015 ISBN   978-1472807908, p.42, p.46–47
  7. ↑ Neville, Leigh, Special Forces in the War on Terror (General Military), Osprey Publishing, 2015 ISBN   978-1472807908, p.93–96, p.118, p.128–129, p.131, p.133–134
  8. ↑ Neville, Leigh, Special Forces in the War on Terror (General Military), Osprey Publishing, 2015 ISBN   978-1-4728-0790-8, p.226
  9. ↑ "2 Most Wanted Al Qaeda Leaders in Iraq Killed by U.S., Iraqi Forces" FoxNews, 19 April 2010.
  10. ↑ Waleed Ibrahim. "Al Qaeda's top two leaders in Iraq have been killed, officials said Monday, in a strike the United States called a "potentially devastating blow" but whose impact analysts said may be limited". Thomson Reuters.
  11. ↑ "75th Ranger Regiment". leadtheway.org.
  12. ↑ "'Friendly Fire' May Have Killed 2 U.S. Soldiers in Afghanistan Raid". New York Times. 27 April 2017.
  13. ↑ "Army Rangers killed in Afghanistan were possible victims of friendly fire". Army Times. 28 April 2017.
  14. ↑ "Afghanistan IS head killed in raid – US and Afghan officials". BBC. 8 May 2017.

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