Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk

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UH-60 Black Hawk
National-Guard-UH-60-Black-Hawk-operations-at-Fort-McCoy.jpg
A U.S. Army UH-60M Blackhawk landing, 2019
Role Utility helicopter
Manufacturer Sikorsky Aircraft
First flight17 October 1974
Introduction1979
StatusIn service
Primary users United States Army
Republic of Korea Armed Forces
Japan Self-Defense Forces
Colombian Armed Forces
Produced1974–present
Number built5,000 by January 2023 [1]
Developed from Sikorsky S-70
Variants Sikorsky SH-60 Seahawk
Sikorsky HH-60 Pave Hawk
Sikorsky MH-60 Jayhawk
Mitsubishi H-60

The Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk is a four-blade, twin-engine, medium-lift utility military helicopter manufactured by Sikorsky Aircraft. Sikorsky submitted the S-70 design for the United States Army's Utility Tactical Transport Aircraft System (UTTAS) competition in 1972. The Army designated the prototype as the YUH-60A and selected the Black Hawk as the winner of the program in 1976, after a fly-off competition with the Boeing Vertol YUH-61.

Contents

Named after the Native American war leader Black Hawk, the UH-60A entered service with the U.S. Army in 1979, to replace the Bell UH-1 Iroquois as the Army's tactical transport helicopter. This was followed by the fielding of electronic warfare and special operations variants of the Black Hawk. Improved UH-60L and UH-60M utility variants have also been developed. Modified versions have also been developed for the U.S. Navy, Air Force, and Coast Guard. In addition to U.S. Army use, the UH-60 family has been exported to several nations. Black Hawks have served in combat during conflicts in Grenada, Panama, Iraq, Somalia, Ukraine, the Balkans, Afghanistan, and other areas in the Middle East.

Major variants include the Sikorsky SH-60 Seahawk used for naval purposes, Sikorsky HH-60 Pave Hawk for combat search and rescue, and many other types and upgrades including various export, VIP, special operation types. Various upgrades have taken place over the years and the latest version is the UH-60M.

Development

The flyoff competition in the mid-1970s between the Sikorsky YUH-60A (in front) and Boeing Vertol YUH-61A prototypes Sikorsky YUH-60A and Boeing Vertol YUH-61A flyoff.jpg
The flyoff competition in the mid-1970s between the Sikorsky YUH-60A (in front) and Boeing Vertol YUH-61A prototypes

Initial requirement

In the late 1960s, the United States Army began forming requirements for a helicopter to replace the UH-1 Iroquois, and designated the program as the Utility Tactical Transport Aircraft System (UTTAS). The Army also initiated the development of a new, common turbine engine for its helicopters that would become the General Electric T700. Based on experience in Vietnam, the Army required significant performance, survivability and reliability improvements from both UTTAS and the new powerplant. [2] The Army released its UTTAS request for proposals (RFP) in January 1972. [3] The RFP also included air transport requirements. Transport within the C-130 limited the UTTAS cabin height and length. [4]

The UTTAS requirements for improved reliability, survivability and lower life-cycle costs resulted in features such as dual-engines with improved hot and high altitude performance, and a modular design (reduced maintenance footprint); run-dry gearboxes; ballistically tolerant, redundant subsystems (hydraulic, electrical and flight controls); crashworthy crew (armored) and troop seats; dual-stage oleo main landing gear; ballistically tolerant, crashworthy main structure; quieter, more robust main and tail rotor systems; and a ballistically tolerant, crashworthy fuel system. [5]

Four prototypes were constructed, with the first YUH-60A flying on 17 October 1974. Prior to the delivery of the prototypes to the US Army, a preliminary evaluation was conducted in November 1975 to ensure the aircraft could be operated safely during all testing. [6] Three of the prototypes were delivered to the Army in March 1976, for evaluation against the rival Boeing-Vertol design, the YUH-61A, and one was kept by Sikorsky for internal research. The Army selected the UH-60 for production in December 1976. Deliveries of the UH-60A to the Army began in October 1978 and the helicopter entered service in June 1979. [7]

Upgrades and variations

UH-60A Black Hawks over Port Salinas during the invasion of Grenada, 1983. The conflict saw the first use of the UH-60 in combat. UH-60As over Port Salines airport Grenada 1983.JPEG
UH-60A Black Hawks over Port Salinas during the invasion of Grenada, 1983. The conflict saw the first use of the UH-60 in combat.

After entering service, the helicopter was modified for new missions and roles, including mine laying and medical evacuation. An EH-60 variant was developed to conduct electronic warfare and special operations aviation developed the MH-60 variant to support its missions. [8]

Due to weight increases from the addition of mission equipment and other changes, the Army ordered the improved UH-60L in 1987. The new model incorporated all of the modifications made to the UH-60A fleet as standard design features. The UH-60L also featured more power and lifting capability with upgraded T700-GE-701C engines and an improved gearbox, both from the SH-60B Seahawk. [9] Its external lift capacity increased by 1,000 lb (450 kg) up to 9,000 lb (4,100 kg). The UH-60L also incorporated the SH-60B's automatic flight control system (AFCS) for better flight control with more powerful engines. [10] Production of the L-model began in 1989. [9]

UH-60s equipped with M60 machine guns near An Najaf, Iraq, May 2005. CSA-2005-05-05-102937.jpg
UH-60s equipped with M60 machine guns near An Najaf, Iraq, May 2005.

Development of the next improved variant, the UH-60M, was approved in 2001, to extend the service life of the UH-60 design into the 2020s. The UH-60M incorporates upgraded T700-GE-701D engines, improved rotor blades, and state-of-the-art electronic instrumentation, flight controls and aircraft navigation control. After the U.S. DoD approved low-rate initial production of the new variant, [11] manufacturing began in 2006, [12] with the first of 22 new UH-60Ms delivered in July 2006. [13] After an initial operational evaluation, the Army approved full-rate production and a five-year contract for 1,227 helicopters in December 2007. [14] By March 2009, 100 UH-60M helicopters had been delivered to the Army. [15] In November 2014, the US military ordered 102 aircraft of various H-60 types, worth $1.3 billion. [16]

Following their use in the operation to kill Osama bin Laden in May 2011, it emerged that the 160th SOAR used a secret version of the UH-60 modified with low-observable technology which enabled it to evade Pakistani radar. Analysis of the tail section, the only remaining part of the aircraft which crashed during the operation, [17] [18] revealed extra blades on the tail rotor and other noise reduction measures, making the craft much quieter than conventional UH-60s. The aircraft appeared to include features like special high-tech materials, harsh angles, and flat surfaces found only in stealth jets. [Nb 1] [19] Low observable versions of the Black Hawk have been studied as far back as the mid-1970s. [20]

In September 2012, Sikorsky was awarded a Combat Tempered Platform Demonstration (CTPD) contract to further improve the Black Hawk's durability and survivability. The company is to develop new technologies such as a zero-vibration system, adaptive flight control laws, advanced fire management, a more durable main rotor, full-spectrum crashworthiness, and damage-tolerant airframe; then they are to transition them to the helicopter. Improvements to the Black Hawk are to continue until the Future Vertical Lift program is ready to replace it. [21] [22]

In December 2014, the 101st Airborne Division began testing new resupply equipment called the Enhanced Speed Bag System (ESBS). Soldiers in the field requiring quick resupply have depended on speed bags filled with items airdropped from a UH-60. However, all systems were ad hoc with bags not made to keep objects secure from impacts, so up to half of the airdropped items would be damaged upon hitting the ground. Started in 2011, the ESBS sought to standardize the airdrop resupply method and keep up to 90 percent of supplies intact. The system includes a hands-free reusable linear brake and expendable speed line and a multipurpose cargo bag. When the bag is deployed, the brake applies friction to the rope, slowing it down enough to keep the bag oriented down on the padded base, a honeycomb and foam kit inside to dissipate energy. [23] [24] [25]

The ESBS better protects helicopter-dropped supplies, and allows the Black Hawk to fly higher above the ground, 100 ft (30 m) up from 10 feet, while travelling 20 knots (23 mph; 37 km/h), limiting exposure to ground fire. Each bag can weigh 125–200 lb (57–91 kg) and up to six can be deployed at once, dropping at 40–50 feet per second (12–15 m/s). Since supplies can be delivered more accurately and the system can be automatically released on its own, the ESBS can enable autonomous resupply from unmanned helicopters. [23] [24] [25]

Design

A UH-60L cockpit A U.S. Army UH-60 Black Hawk helicopter assigned to the Colorado Army National Guard flies to perform a water drop while fighting the Black Forest Fire near Colorado Springs, Colo., June 12, 2013 130612-Z-UA373-388.jpg
A UH-60L cockpit

The UH-60 features four-blade main and tail rotors, and is powered by two General Electric T700 turboshaft engines. [26] The main rotor is fully articulated and has elastomeric bearings in the rotor head. The tail rotor is canted and features a rigid crossbeam. [27] The helicopter has a long, low profile shape to meet the Army's requirement for transporting aboard a C-130 Hercules, with some disassembly. [26] It can carry 11 troops with equipment, lift 2,600 pounds (1,200 kg) of cargo internally or 9,000 pounds (4,100 kg) of cargo (for UH-60L/M) externally by sling. [14]

The Black Hawk helicopter series can perform a wide array of missions, including the tactical transport of troops, electronic warfare, and aeromedical evacuation. A VIP version known as the VH-60N is used to transport important government officials (e.g., Congress, Executive departments) with the helicopter's call sign of "Marine One" when transporting the President of the United States.[ citation needed ] In air assault operations, it can move a squad of 11 combat troops or reposition a 105 mm M119 howitzer with 30 rounds ammunition and a four-man crew in a single lift. [14] [28] The Black Hawk is equipped with advanced avionics and electronics for increased survivability and capability, such as the Global Positioning System.

A view of interior and cockpit of a UH-60 UH 60 cockpit over Hollywood.jpg
A view of interior and cockpit of a UH-60

The UH-60 can be equipped with stub wings at the top of the fuselage to carry fuel tanks or various armaments. The initial stub wing system is called External Stores Support System (ESSS). [29] It has two pylons on each wing to carry two 230 US gal (870 L) and two 450 US gal (1,700 L) tanks in total. [10] The four fuel tanks and associated lines and valves form the external extended range fuel system (ERFS).[ citation needed ] U.S. Army UH-60s have had their ESSS modified into the crashworthy external fuel system (CEFS) configuration, replacing the older tanks with up to four total 200 US gal (760 L) crashworthy tanks along with self-sealing fuel lines. [30] The ESSS can also carry 10,000 lb (4,500 kg) of armament such as rockets, missiles and gun pods. [10] [31] The ESSS entered service in 1986. However, it was found that the four fuel tanks obstruct the field of fire for the door guns; thus, the external tank system (ETS), carrying two fuel tanks on the stub wings, was developed. [10]

The unit cost of the H-60 models varies due to differences in specifications, equipment and quantities. For example, the unit cost of the Army's UH-60L Black Hawk is $5.9 million while the unit cost of the Air Force HH-60G Pave Hawk is $10.2 million.[ citation needed ]

Operational history

The UH-60 Black Hawk is in service with 35 different countries as of 2024. [32]

Australia

An Australian Army S-70A-9 Australian Army Black Hawk Zhu-2.jpg
An Australian Army S-70A-9

Australia bought early model UH-60 in the 1980s, and is buying a fleet of newer versions ones in the 2020s: Australia ordered fourteen S-70A-9 Black Hawks in 1986 and an additional twenty-five Black Hawks in 1987. [33] [34] The first US-produced Black Hawk was delivered in 1987 to the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF). [33] de Havilland Australia produced thirty-eight Black Hawks under license from Sikorsky in Australia delivering the first in 1988 and the last in 1991. [35] [33] In 1989, the RAAF's fleet of Black Hawks was transferred to the Australian Army. [33] [36] The Black Hawks saw operational service in Cambodia, Papua New Guinea, Indonesia, East Timor and Pakistan. [37]

In April 2009, the then-defence chief Air Chief Marshal Angus Houston, told the government not to deploy Black Hawks to Afghanistan as at the time they "lacked armor and self-defense systems", and despite an upgrade to address this underway, it was more practical to use allies' helicopters. [38] [39] In 2004, the government selected the Multi-Role Helicopter (MRH-90) Taipan, a variant of the NHIndustries NH90, to replace the Black Hawk even though the Department of Defence had recommended the S‐70M Black Hawk. [40]

In January 2014, the Army began retiring the fleet of 34 Black Hawks from service (five had been lost in accidents) and had planned for this to be completed by June 2018. [41] [42] The Chief of Army delayed the retirement of 20 Black Hawks until 2021 to enable the Army to develop a special operations role capable MRH-90. [43] [44] On 10 December 2021, the S-70A-9 Black Hawks were retired from service. [45] On the same day, amid issues with the performance of the MRH-90s the government announced that they would be replaced by UH-60M Black Hawks. [45] [46] In January 2023, the Army announced the acquisition of 40 UH-60Ms with deliveries commencing in 2023. [47]

Brazil

Brazil received four UH-60L helicopters in 1997, for the Brazilian Army peacekeeping forces. It received six UH-60Ls configured for special forces, and search and rescue uses in 2008. It ordered ten more UH-60Ls in 2009; deliveries began in March 2011. [48]

China

In December 1983, examples of the Aerospatiale AS-332 Super Puma, Bell 214ST SuperTransport and Sikorsky S-70A-5 (N3124B) were airlifted to Lhasa for testing. These demonstrations included take-offs and landings at altitudes to 17,000 feet (5,200 m) and en route operations to 24,000 feet (7,300 m). At the end of this testing, the People's Liberation Army purchased 24 S-70C-2s, equipped with more powerful GE T700-701A engines for improved high-altitude performance. [49] While designated as civil variants of the S-70 for export purposes, they are operated by the People's Liberation Army Aviation units.

Colombia

A Colombian National Police UH-60 Black Hawk in November 2010 UH-60 PNC-0601 Black Hawk (5572814109).jpg
A Colombian National Police UH-60 Black Hawk in November 2010

Colombia first received UH-60s from the United States in 1987. The Colombian National Police, Colombian Aerospace Force, and Colombian Army use UH-60s to transport troops and supplies to places which are difficult to access by land for counter-insurgency (COIN) operations against drug and guerrilla organizations, for search and rescue, and for medical evacuation. Colombia also operates a militarized gunship version of the UH-60, with stub wings, locally known as Arpía (English: Harpy). [50] [51]

The Colombian Army became the first worldwide operator of the S-70i with Terrain Awareness and Warning Capability (HTAWS) after taking delivery of the first two units on 13 August 2013. [52]

Israel

The Israeli Air Force (IAF) received 10 surplus UH-60A Black Hawks from the United States in August 1994. [53] Named Yanshuf (English: Owl) by the IAF, [54] the UH-60A began replacing Bell 212 utility helicopters. [53] The IAF first used the UH-60s in combat during 1996 in southern Lebanon [53] in Operation Grapes of Wrath against Hezbollah.

Mexico

Mexican Air Force S-70A-24A Sikorsky S-70A-24A Black Hawk, Mexico - Air Force AN2158152.jpg
Mexican Air Force S-70A-24A

The Mexican Air Force ordered its first two UH-60Ls in 1991 to transport special forces units, and another four in 1994. [55] In July and August 2009, the Federal Police used UH-60s in attacks on drug traffickers. [56] [57] In August 2011, the Mexican Navy received three upgraded and navalized UH-60M. [58] On 21 April 2014, the U.S. State Department approved the sale of 18 UH-60Ms to Mexico pending approval from Congress. [59] In September 2014, Sikorsky received a $203.6 million (~$258 million in 2023) firm-fixed-price contract modification for the 18 UH-60 designated for the Mexican Air Force. [60]

Philippines

A Philippine UH-60 of the Presidential Airlift Wing PAF S-70A.jpg
A Philippine UH-60 of the Presidential Airlift Wing

2 S-70-A5 VIP helicopters purchased 1983 and was delivered in 1984, this Blackhawk served the 250th PAW for more than 3 decades as a Presidential VVIP transport helicopter. Only 1 remains in service with the 505th Search and Rescue Group. [61]

In March 2019, the Philippines' Department of National Defense (DND) signed a contract worth US$241.4 million (~$284 million in 2023) with Lockheed Martin's Polish subsidiary PZL Mielec for 16 Sikorsky S-70i Black Hawks to the PAF. [62] On 10 December 2020, the PAF commissioned their first batch of six S-70i Blackhawks, with the remaining 10 to be delivered in 2021. [63] In June 2021, the air service received a second batch of five helicopters. [64] In November 2021, the third batch of five arrived. [65]

On 22 February 2022, DND and PZL Mielec formally signed the US$624 million contract for 32 additional S-70i Black Hawks, [66] totalling to around 48 units ordered. [67] This will make the Philippine Air Force the largest user of S-70i Blackhawk Helicopters globally. [68]

Poland

In January 2019, Poland ordered four S-70i Black Hawks with four delivered to the Polish Special Forces in December of that same year. [69] Another four S-70i helicopters are on order with two scheduled for delivery in 2023 and two in 2024. [69] In July 2023, Poland launched a procurement tender for S-70i Black Hawks with a goal to order approximately 32 helicopters. [70]

Slovakia

In February 2015, the U.S. State Department approved a possible Foreign Military Sale of nine UH-60Ms with associated equipment and support to Slovakia and sent it to Congress for its approval. [71] [72] In April 2015, Slovakia's government approved the procurement of nine UH-60Ms along with training and support. [73] [74] In September 2015, Slovakia ordered four UH-60Ms. [75] The first two UH-60Ms were delivered in June 2017; the Slovak Air Force had received all nine UH-60Ms by January 2020. These are to replace its old Soviet Mil Mi-17s. [76] [77] [78] In 2020, the Slovak minister of defense announced Slovakia's interest in buying two more UH-60Ms. [79]

Slovak Training Academy from Košice, a private company, operates four older UH-60As for new pilot training. [80]

Sweden

A Swedish UH-60 landing during a demonstration Swedish Helicopter Force UH-60.png
A Swedish UH-60 landing during a demonstration

Sweden requested 15 UH-60M helicopters by Foreign Military Sale in September 2010. [81] The UH-60Ms were ordered in May 2011, and deliveries began in January 2012. [82] In March 2013, Swedish ISAF forces began using Black Hawks in Afghanistan for MEDEVAC purposes. [83] The UH-60Ms have been fully operational since 2017. [84] Sweden designates it Helicopter 16, Hkp 16

Taiwan

Taiwan (Republic of China) operated S-70C-1/1A after the Republic of China Air Force received ten S-70C-1A and four S-70C-1 Bluehawk helicopters in June 1986 for Search and Rescue. [85] Four more S-70C-6s were received in April 1998. The ROC Navy received the first of ten S-70C(M)-1s in July 1990. 11 S-70C(M)-2s were received beginning April 2000. [86] In January 2010, the US announced approval for a Foreign Military Sale of 60 UH-60Ms to Taiwan [87] with 30 designated for the Army, 15 for the National Airborne Service Corps (including the one that crashed off Orchid Island in 2018) and 15 for the Air Force Rescue Group (including the one that crashed 2 January 2020). [88]

Türkiye

Türkiye has operated the UH-60 during NATO deployments to Afghanistan and the Balkans. The UH-60 has also been used in counter-terror/internal security operations.[ citation needed ]

The Black Hawk competed against the AgustaWestland AW149 in the Turkish General Use Helicopter Tender, to order up to 115 helicopters and produce many of them indigenously, with Turkish Aerospace Industries responsible for final integration and assembly. [89] [90] On 21 April 2011, Türkiye announced the selection of Sikorsky's T-70. [91] [92] [93]

In the course of the coup d'état attempt in Türkiye on 15 July 2016, eight Turkish military personnel of various ranks landed in Greece's northeastern city of Alexandroupolis on board a Black Hawk helicopter and claimed political asylum in Greece. [94] The helicopter was returned to Türkiye shortly thereafter. [95]

Ukraine

In February 2023, Ukraine's Main Directorate of Intelligence (HUR) published a video showing them operating at least two UH-60s painted in Ukrainian colors. [96] The helicopters appeared to have minimal modifications, namely the addition of two M240 7.62 mm machine guns for defensive purposes. [96] It was confirmed that at least one of these was purchased by a third party, Ace Aeronautics, following a Czech crowdfunding effort that raised US$6 million. [97] On 17 March 2024, Russia claimed to have shot down a UH-60 during the 2024 western Russia incursion, claiming it was a "troop transport" carrying 20 troops into combat. However, it was revealed to be a Mil Mi-8 instead. [98]

United States

MH-60 Sea Hawk A Sailor jumps from an MH-60 Sea Hawk helicopter off the coast of Guam. (33743737923).jpg
MH-60 Sea Hawk

The UH-60 entered service with the U.S. Army's 101st Combat Aviation Brigade of the 101st Airborne Division in June 1979. [99] The U.S. military first used the UH-60 in combat during the invasion of Grenada in 1983, and again in the invasion of Panama in 1989. During the Gulf War in 1991, the UH-60 participated in the largest air assault mission in U.S. Army history with over 300 helicopters involved. Two UH-60s (89-26214 and 78–23015) were shot down, both on 27 February 1991, while performing Combat Search and Rescue of other downed aircrews, an F-16C pilot and the crew of a MEDEVAC UH-1H that were shot down earlier that day. [100]

A U.S. Army MH-60L during the Battle of Mogadishu, 1993 Black Hawk Down Super64 over Mogadishu coast.jpg
A U.S. Army MH-60L during the Battle of Mogadishu, 1993

In 1993, Black Hawks featured prominently in the Battle of Mogadishu in Somalia. Black Hawks also saw action in the Balkans and Haiti in the 1990s. [10] U.S. Army UH-60s and other helicopters conducted many air assaults and other support missions during the 2003 invasion of Iraq. The UH-60 has continued to serve in operations in Afghanistan and Iraq. [10]

Customs and Border Protection Office of Air and Marine (OAM) uses the UH-60 in its operations specifically along the southwest border. The Black Hawk has been used by OAM to interdict illegal entry into the U.S. Additionally, OAM regularly uses the UH-60 in search and rescue operations.

Cockpit view Iraq, 2009 Cockpit view of UH-60 Black Hawk helicopter at Camp Taji, Iraq.jpg
Cockpit view Iraq, 2009

Highly modified H-60s were employed during the U.S. Special Operations mission that resulted in the death of Osama bin Laden during Operation Neptune Spear on 1 May 2011. [19] [101] One such MH-60 helicopter crash-landed during the operation and was destroyed by the team before it departed in the other MH-60 and a backup MH-47 Chinook with bin Laden's remains. Two MH-47s were used for the mission to refuel the two MH-60s and as backups. [102] News media reported that the Pakistani government granted the Chinese military access to the wreckage of the crashed 'stealth' UH-60 variant in Abbottabad; [103] [104] [105] Pakistan and China denied the reports, [103] [104] and the U.S. government has not confirmed Chinese access. [104]

In United States service, the Army plans to eventually replace it with a tilt-rotor, the V-280 Valor; In December 2022, the V-280 was chosen by the US Army as the winner of the Future Long-Range Assault Aircraft program to replace UH-60 Blackhawk in the Army service. [106] [107] (that does not mean all UH-60 variants will be replaced, its for the Army version)

Additional users

The United Arab Emirates requested 14 UH-60M helicopters and associated equipment in September 2008, through Foreign Military Sale. [108] It had received 20 UH-60Ls by November 2010. [109] Bahrain ordered nine UH-60Ms in 2007. [110] [111]

Sikorsky S-70i of the Royal Brunei Air Force Royal Brunei Air Force Sikorsky S-70i Black Hawk.jpg
Sikorsky S-70i of the Royal Brunei Air Force

In December 2011, the Royal Brunei Air Force ordered twelve S-70i helicopters, which are similar to the UH-60M; four aircraft had been received by December 2013. [112] In June 2012, the U.S. Defense Security Cooperation Agency notified Congress that Qatar requested the purchase of twelve UH-60Ms, engines, and associated equipment. [113] The RBAF had earlier bought 4 UH-60, but these were later sold to Malaysia.. [114]

In May 2014, Croatian Defence Minister Ante Kotromanović announced the beginning of negotiations for the purchase of 15 used Black Hawks. [115] In October 2018, the US via Ambassador Robert Kohorst announced donation of two UH-60M helicopters with associated equipment and crew training to Croatia's Ministry of Defence, to be delivered in 2020. [116] In October 2019, the US State Dept approved the sale of two new UH-60M Blackhawks. [117] [118] In February 2022, the first two helicopters were delivered to Croatia. [119] [120]

Tunisia requested 12 armed UH-60M helicopters in July 2014 through Foreign Military Sale. [121] In August 2014, the U.S. ambassador stated that the U.S. "will soon make available" the UH-60Ms to Tunisia. [122] The sale of 8 helicopters was approved and helicopters were delivered 2017 and 2018. [123]

In January 2015, the Malaysian Defence Minister Hishammuddin Hussein confirmed that Royal Malaysian Air Force (RMAF) is receiving S-70A Blackhawks from the Brunei government. These helicopters, believed to be four in total, were expected to be transferred to Malaysia by September with M134D miniguns added. The four Blackhawks were delivered to Royal Brunei Air Force (RBAF) in 1999. [124]

In 2018, Latvia requested to buy four UH-60M Black Hawks with associated equipment for an estimated cost of $200 million (~$239 million in 2023). In August 2018, the State Department approved the possible Foreign Military Sale. The Defense Security Cooperation Agency delivered the required certification notifying Congress of the possible sale. [125] In November 2018, Latvia ordered four UH-60Ms, and received the first two in December 2022. [126]

In 2019, Lithuania announced plans to buy six UH-60M helicopters [127] before ordering four UH-60Ms in 2020. [128] In July 2020, the US State Department approved the possible Foreign Military Sale of six UH-60Ms and associated equipment to Lithuania for $380 million. [129] In November 2020, Lithuania signed a contract worth $213 million for four UH-60Ms with an option to purchase two more aircraft. [130] [131] Preparations are almost complete including facilities and training, with deliveries expected in late 2024. [132] [133]

In 2019, Poland ordered four S-70i helicopters for its special forces. [134] As of 2023 there is negotiations to purchase additional S-70i helicopters. [135]

In August 2023, the Portuguese Air Force shared on twitter a photo of the first flight of 1 of the 6 UH-60 helicopters purchased from Arista Aviation Services. [136] The Portuguese armed forces conducted its first operation flight of its UH-60 in December 2023. [137]

In 2023, the Kosovo Air Force received four UH-60s that were donated by the Iowa National Guard.[ citation needed ]

In December 2023, the Hellenic Army selected the UH-60Ms for a possible order of 35 aircraft and associated equipment for an estimated cost of $1.95 billion pending the deal clears Congress. [138] [139] This order was approved by US and Greek governments, and a contract for 35 helicopters agreed by April 2024. [140] [141] In Greek service it will replace aged Bell UH-1H and Agusta-Bell AB205. [141] Greece already operates S-70B and MH-60R helicopters. [142]

Future and potential users

In February 2013, the Indonesian Army announced its interest in buying UH-60 Black Hawks to modernize its weaponry. The army wants them for combating terrorism, transnational crime, and insurgency to secure the archipelago. [143] In August 2023, Indonesian Aerospace and Lockheed Martin signed an agreement for the procurement of 24 UH-60/S-70 Blackhawks. [144] [145]

In 2022, the Royal Air Force and British Army expects to select a helicopter for the New Medium Helicopter program to replace several existing helicopters. Sikorsky has indicated it expects its S-70M to meet the requirement to participate in this procurement selection program. [146]

Variants

U.S. National Guard UH-60 supporting operations against the Cougar Creek wildfire, 2015 Washington National Guard (20654060100).jpg
U.S. National Guard UH-60 supporting operations against the Cougar Creek wildfire, 2015

The UH-60 comes in many variants and many different modifications. The U.S. Army variants can be fitted with stub wings to carry additional fuel tanks or weapons. [10] Variants may have different capabilities and equipment to fulfil different roles.

Utility variants

Special purpose

MH-60 from the 160th SOAR(A) lands aboard the USS Bataan. Two UH-60M, 160th SOAR on USS Bataan on 10 Feb. 2006.jpg
MH-60 from the 160th SOAR(A) lands aboard the USS Bataan.
160th SOAR(A)'s MH-60M DAP fires its 2.75 in (7.0 cm) rockets on a U.S. Army test range MH-60M DAP firing 2.75 inch rockets at a test ground.jpg
160th SOAR(A)'s MH-60M DAP fires its 2.75 in (7.0 cm) rockets on a U.S. Army test range
VH-60Ns used to transport the President of the United States VH-60 Marine One (modified).jpg
VH-60Ns used to transport the President of the United States

Export versions

South Korean UH-60P 2014.11.20. yuggun 26sadan hogughunryeon UH-60P Republic of Korea Army (15815606086).jpg
South Korean UH-60P
See: Sikorsky SH-60 Seahawk, Sikorsky HH-60 Pave Hawk, Piasecki X-49, and Sikorsky HH-60 Jayhawk for other Sikorsky S-70 variants.

Operators

An Austrian Air Force S-70A42 lands in Paznaun valley Austrian Air Force S-70A42.jpg
An Austrian Air Force S-70A42 lands in Paznaun valley

See SH-60 Seahawk, HH-60 Pave Hawk, and HH-60 Jayhawk for operators of military H-60/S-70 variants; see Sikorsky S-70 for non-military operators of other H-60/S-70 family helicopters.

Flag of the Taliban.svg  Afghanistan
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Flag of Australia (converted).svg  Australia
Flag of Austria.svg  Austria
Flag of Bahrain.svg  Bahrain
A UH-60 of the Brazilian Air Force UH-60 Brazil (cropped).jpg
A UH-60 of the Brazilian Air Force
Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil
Flag of Brunei.svg  Brunei
A S-70i of the Royal Brunei Air Force in 2023 2023 Majlis Ramah Mesra Belait 65.jpg
A S-70i of the Royal Brunei Air Force in 2023
Flag of Chile.svg  Chile
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  People's Republic of China
Flag of Colombia.svg  Colombia
Flag of Croatia.svg  Croatia
Flag of Egypt.svg  Egypt
An Israeli Air Force UH-60 Yanshuf UH-60.jpg
An Israeli Air Force UH-60 Yanshuf
A Japan Air Self-Defence Force UH-60J in flight JASDF UH-60J (cropped).jpg
A Japan Air Self-Defence Force UH-60J in flight
Flag of Greece.svg  Greece
Flag of Indonesia.svg  Indonesia
Flag of Israel.svg  Israel
Flag of Japan.svg  Japan
Flag of Jordan.svg  Jordan
A Royal Jordanian Air Force UH-60L on lift off Jordanian Air Force UH-60 Black Hawk helicopter (cropped).jpg
A Royal Jordanian Air Force UH-60L on lift off
Flag of Latvia.svg  Latvia
Flag of Lithuania.svg  Lithuania
Flag of Malaysia 23px.svg  Malaysia
Flag of Mexico.svg  Mexico
Flag of Morocco.svg  Morocco
Flag of the Philippines.svg  Philippines
Phillpine UH-60 responds to landslide and possible SAR, 2023 2023-10-26 PAF Black Hawk 002.jpg
Phillpine UH-60 responds to landslide and possible SAR, 2023
Flag of Poland.svg  Poland
Flag of Portugal.svg  Portugal
Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg  Saudi Arabia
Flag of South Korea.svg  Republic of Korea
Flag of Slovakia.svg  Slovakia
Flag of Sweden.svg  Sweden
A Republic of China Army UH-60M Black Hawk ROCA UH-60M Black Hawk.jpg
A Republic of China Army UH-60M Black Hawk
Flag of the Republic of China.svg  Taiwan (Republic of China)
Flag of Thailand.svg  Thailand
Flag of Tunisia.svg  Tunisia
Flag of Turkey.svg  Turkey
Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg  United Arab Emirates
Flag of Ukraine.svg  Ukraine
A US Army UH-60 Blackhawk with United Nations designations during the Bosnian War. A UH-60 Blackhawk from the 7th Battalion, 1ST Aviation Regiment, 4th Brigade, 3rd Infantry Division, Katterbach, Germany drops US Army scouts from the 2nd Battalion, 15th Infantry, - DPLA - 56e4b3c74530c9ac97330493a0fb697a.jpeg
A US Army UH-60 Blackhawk with United Nations designations during the Bosnian War.
Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States

Former operators

An Afghan Air Force UH-60 in 2018 Afghan Air Force UH-60 Blackhawk piloted by an Afghan.jpg
An Afghan Air Force UH-60 in 2018

Flag of Hong Kong 1959.svg  British Hong Kong

Flag of Afghanistan (2004-2021).svg  Islamic Republic of Afghanistan

Accidents

Specifications (UH-60M)

UH-60 orthographical image.svg

Data from Encyclopedia of Modern Warplanes, [252] International Directory, [253] Tomajczyk, [254] U.S. Army, [255] Lockheed-Martin brochure [256] General Electric T700-GE-701D Brochure [257]

General characteristics

Performance

Armament

See also

UH-60 fly in formation on training mission in Washington State in 2016 Hawks on Approach 160621-A-PG801-002.jpg
UH-60 fly in formation on training mission in Washington State in 2016
CH-53E Super Stallion lifts a disabled UH-60 USMC-06991.jpg
CH-53E Super Stallion lifts a disabled UH-60

Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

Related lists

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bell UH-1 Iroquois</span> Family of American military utility helicopters

The Bell UH-1 Iroquois is a utility military helicopter designed and produced by the American aerospace company Bell Helicopter. It is the first member of the prolific Huey family, as well as the first turbine-powered helicopter in service with the United States military.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sikorsky HH-60 Pave Hawk</span> Combat Search and Rescue Helicopter

The Sikorsky MH-60/HH-60 Pave Hawk is a four-blade, twin-engine, medium-lift utility military helicopter manufactured by Sikorsky Aircraft. The HH-60 Pave Hawk and its successor the HH-60W Jolly Green II are combat rescue helicopters, though in practice they often serve humanitarian and peacetime disaster rescue. It is a derivative of the UH-60 Black Hawk and incorporates the US Air Force PAVE electronic systems program. The HH-60/MH-60 is a member of the Sikorsky S-70 family.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sikorsky SH-60 Seahawk</span> Naval helicopter series of the H-60/S-70 family

The Sikorsky SH-60/MH-60 Seahawk is a twin turboshaft engine, multi-mission United States Navy helicopter based on the United States Army UH-60 Black Hawk and a member of the Sikorsky S-70 family. The most significant modifications are the folding main rotor blades and a hinged tail to reduce its footprint aboard ships.

Sikorsky Aircraft is an American aircraft manufacturer based in Stratford, Connecticut. It was established by aviation pioneer Igor Sikorsky in 1923 and was among the first companies to manufacture helicopters for civilian and military use. In short time periods, it also produced surface vehicles such as trains and boats.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment (Airborne)</span> US Army special operations helicopter unit

The 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment (Airborne), abbreviated as 160th SOAR (A), is a special operations force of the United States Army that provides helicopter aviation support for special operations forces. Its missions have included attack, assault, and reconnaissance, and these missions are usually conducted at night, at high speeds, low altitudes, and on short notice.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sikorsky MH-60 Jayhawk</span> Medium-range recovery helicopter

The Sikorsky MH-60T Jayhawk is a multi-mission, twin-engine, medium-range helicopter operated by the United States Coast Guard for search and rescue, law enforcement, military readiness and marine environmental protection missions. It was originally designated HH-60J before being upgraded and redesignated in 2007.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sikorsky H-60</span> Index of articles associated with the same name

The Sikorsky H-60 is a family of military helicopters built by Sikorsky Aircraft.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sikorsky S-70</span> Family of medium transport/utility military helicopters

The Sikorsky S-70 is an American medium transport/utility helicopter family manufactured by Sikorsky Aircraft. It was developed for the United States Army in the 1970s, winning a competition to be designated the UH-60 Black Hawk and spawning a large family in U.S. military service. New and improved versions of the UH-60 have been developed since. Civilian versions, and some military versions, are produced under various S-70 model designations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">171st Special Operations Aviation Squadron</span> Military unit

The 171st Special Operations Aviation Squadron is an Australian Army helicopter squadron that provides aviation support to the Special Operations Command. The squadron is being equipped with the UH-60M Black Hawk helicopter. The squadron is based at Luscombe Airfield, Holsworthy Barracks, Sydney and forms part of the 6th Aviation Regiment as the regiment's sole operational squadron.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Boeing Vertol YUH-61</span> Type of aircraft

The Boeing Vertol YUH-61 was a twin turbine-engined, medium-lift, military assault/utility helicopter. The YUH-61 was the runner-up in the United States Army Utility Tactical Transport Aircraft System (UTTAS) competition in the early 1970s to replace the Bell UH-1 Iroquois helicopter. At the end of the flyoff program, Sikorsky Aircraft was awarded a contract to develop and build its UH-60A entry.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">General Electric T700</span> Family of turboshaft and turboprop engines

The General Electric T700 and CT7 are a family of turboshaft and turboprop engines in the 1,500–3,000 shp (1,100–2,200 kW) class.

The 173rd Special Operations Aviation Squadron is an Australian Army helicopter training squadron that provides support to the Special Operations Command. The squadron is being equipped with UH-60M Black Hawk helicopters. The squadron is based at Luscombe Airfield, Holsworthy Barracks, Sydney and forms part of the 6th Aviation Regiment.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mitsubishi H-60</span> Japanese anti-submarine/utility helicopter

The Mitsubishi H-60 series is a twin-turboshaft engine helicopter based on the Sikorsky S-70 helicopter family for use by the Japan Self-Defense Forces (JSDF).

A Combat aviation brigade (CAB) is a multi-functional brigade-sized unit in the United States Army that fields military helicopters, offering a combination of attack/reconnaissance helicopters, medium-lift helicopters, heavy-lift helicopters, and MEDEVAC capability.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Harbin Z-20</span> Chinese medium-lift utility helicopter

The Harbin Z-20 is a Chinese medium-lift utility helicopter produced by the Harbin Aircraft Industry Group (HAIG). It was first flown on 23 December 2013 and has a maximum takeoff weight in the range of 10 tonnes (22,000 lb). The Z-20 can operate from locations above 4,000 m (13,000 ft) in altitude as well as from the Liaoning aircraft carrier. It is regarded to be comparable in performance to the US-made Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk helicopter, of which the civilian Sikorsky S-70C-2 variant has been used by the People's Liberation Army since 1984.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">104th Aviation Regiment (United States)</span> Military unit

The 104th Aviation Regiment is an aviation regiment of the U.S. Army, primarily provided by the Army National Guard.

References

Notes

  1. ↑ According to an Army Times article, "During the 1990s U.S. Special Operations Command worked with the Lockheed Martin Skunk Works division, which also designed the F-117, to refine the radar-evading technology and apply it to the 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment's MH-60s," [a retired special operations aviator] said. USSOCOM awarded a contract to Boeing to modify several MH-60s to the low-observable design "in the '99 to 2000 timeframe," he also said.

Citations

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Bibliography

  • Bishop, Chris. Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk. Oxford, UK: Osprey, 2008. ISBN   978-1-84176-852-6.
  • Leoni, Ray D. Black Hawk, The Story of a World Class Helicopter. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2007. ISBN   978-1-56347-918-2.
  • Tomajczyk, Stephen F. Black Hawk. St. Paul, Minnesota: MBI, 2003. ISBN   0-7603-1591-4.
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